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title: Cancer Surgery
url: "https://www.yyhmedical.com/en/guide/technology/surgery"
type: MedicalWebPage
inLanguage: en-US
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# Cancer Surgery

> Cancer surgery involves removing a tumor and, when necessary, surrounding tissue for diagnosis, treatment, or symptom relief. It is an important part of multidisciplinary care for many solid tumors.

## Overview

Cancer surgery involves removing a tumor and, when necessary, surrounding tissue for diagnosis, treatment, or symptom relief. It is an important part of multidisciplinary care for many solid tumors.

  

For early-stage or localized solid tumors, surgery may be one of the main treatments with curative intent. For some locally advanced cancers, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy may be given before surgery to shrink the tumor or reduce disease burden. In selected patients with advanced cancer, surgery may also be used to remove metastatic lesions or relieve complications such as obstruction or bleeding.

  

Blood cancers are generally treated with systemic therapies rather than surgery. However, surgery may sometimes be needed to obtain tissue for diagnosis or manage specific localized problems or complications.

## Indications

Whether surgery is appropriate depends on the cancer type, stage, location and extent of disease, as well as the patient's overall health and surgical risk.

  

Surgery is commonly considered for many localized solid tumors, including lung, stomach, colorectal, liver, and breast cancers, when the tumor can be completely removed. Some tumors that are initially unresectable may become eligible for surgery after preoperative or conversion therapy.

  

The presence of metastatic disease does not always rule out surgery. In selected patients, such as those with certain liver or lung metastases, removal of the primary tumor or metastatic lesions may still be considered after multidisciplinary evaluation.

## Treatment Process

Before surgery, imaging, pathology, and laboratory tests are usually used to determine the type and extent of the cancer. The patient's heart and lung function, nutritional status, and ability to tolerate surgery are also assessed. Some patients may receive anticancer treatment before surgery.

  

The surgical approach depends on the location and extent of the tumor. Surgery may be performed through an open procedure or, when appropriate, using minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or robotic-assisted surgery. Depending on the cancer, the procedure may also involve assessment of surgical margins, regional lymph nodes, and surrounding tissues.

  

After surgery, the final pathology, cancer stage, and risk of recurrence help determine whether additional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or other treatment is needed.

## Risks and Complications

The risks of cancer surgery depend on the location and extent of the operation, the surgical approach, and the patient's overall health. Possible complications include pain, bleeding, infection, blood clots, wound-healing problems, and risks related to anesthesia.

  

Some procedures may also affect the function of the organ being treated. Lung surgery may reduce some lung function, gastrointestinal surgery may affect eating and digestion, and certain urinary tract procedures may affect urinary or kidney function.

  

Before surgery, the healthcare team evaluates the expected benefits and potential risks and develops a plan for perioperative care and recovery. Regular follow-up after surgery is also important to monitor recovery and check for signs of cancer recurrence or spread.

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