[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":103},["ShallowReactive",2],{"wiki-item-en-acute-myeloid-leukemia":3,"media-slots-en":47},{"slug":4,"category":5,"categoryName":6,"title":7,"summary":8,"toc":9,"ymyl":32,"hasAlternate":46,"updatedAt":15},"acute-myeloid-leukemia","blood","Hematologic Diseases","Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)","Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia that can occur in both children and adults. It is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults.",[10,16,20,24,28],{"key":11,"title":12,"html":13,"icon":14,"updatedAt":15},"","Overview","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. The word “acute” means that AML can progress quickly. “Myeloid” refers to the type of blood-forming cells affected by the disease. Normally, myeloid stem cells develop into red blood cells, platelets, and certain types of white blood cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">AML may also be referred to as acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-09-14",{"key":11,"title":17,"html":18,"icon":19,"updatedAt":15},"Causes and Risk Factors","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">AML develops when genetic changes occur in developing blood cells in the bone marrow. These changes can disrupt normal blood cell development, causing immature abnormal cells, known as myeloblasts, to grow and multiply uncontrollably. As these leukemia cells build up, they can interfere with the production of healthy blood cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>In most cases, it is not clear what causes the genetic changes that lead to AML. Known risk factors include exposure to high levels of radiation, certain chemicals, and some types of chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","🧬",{"key":11,"title":21,"html":22,"icon":23,"updatedAt":15},"Signs and Symptoms","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Early signs and symptoms of AML can resemble those of the flu or other common illnesses. Symptoms may vary depending on which types of blood cells are affected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Signs and symptoms of AML may include:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fever\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone pain\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fatigue or weakness\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Shortness of breath\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pale skin\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Frequent infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Easy bruising\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Unusual bleeding, such as frequent nosebleeds or bleeding gums\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","📋",{"key":11,"title":25,"html":26,"icon":27,"updatedAt":15},"Diagnosis","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If AML is suspected, several tests may be used to help make a diagnosis, including:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Blood Tests\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Blood tests may show abnormal numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets. Immature cells called blasts may also be found in the blood. These cells are normally found primarily in the bone marrow.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Bone Marrow Tests\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Blood tests may suggest leukemia, but a bone marrow aspiration and\u002For biopsy is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During the procedure, a small sample of bone marrow is usually taken from the back of the hip bone and sent to a laboratory for testing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Lumbar Puncture\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In some cases, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to check the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for leukemia cells. A thin needle is inserted into the lower back to collect a small sample of CSF for testing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Genetic and Molecular Testing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Laboratory testing of leukemia cells can identify specific genetic, chromosomal, and molecular changes. These findings help determine the subtype of AML, assess risk, and guide treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🩺",{"key":11,"title":29,"html":30,"icon":31,"updatedAt":15},"Treatment","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment for AML depends on several factors, including the AML subtype, genetic and molecular features, age, overall health, and individual treatment goals and preferences.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">AML treatment is often divided into two main phases:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Remission Induction Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The goal of induction therapy is to achieve remission by reducing leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow to undetectable or very low levels. Additional treatment is usually needed after remission to reduce the risk of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Consolidation Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Consolidation, also called post-remission therapy, is given after remission to target remaining leukemia cells and reduce the risk of the disease returning.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Chemotherapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy is a common treatment for AML and may be used during both induction and consolidation. It uses medications to destroy leukemia cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some patients receiving intensive chemotherapy may need to stay in the hospital because treatment can also affect healthy blood-forming cells, increasing the risk of infection, bleeding, and other complications. Additional treatment may be considered if remission is not achieved after the initial course.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Targeted Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapies act on specific genetic or molecular features of leukemia cells. For example, \u003Cstrong>midostaurin (Rydapt)\u003C\u002Fstrong> is a targeted therapy that may be used for certain patients whose AML has an \u003Cstrong>FLT3 mutation\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genetic and molecular testing can help determine whether a targeted therapy may be appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Treatment for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a distinct subtype of AML, is treated differently from most other types of AML. Treatments may include \u003Cstrong>all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong>arsenic trioxide (Trisenox)\u003C\u002Fstrong>, with or without chemotherapy, depending on the individual situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These treatments help abnormal promyelocytes mature and stop multiplying.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), sometimes called a stem cell or bone marrow transplant, may be considered for some patients with AML as part of post-remission treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before transplantation, chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy are used as conditioning treatment. Blood-forming stem cells are then infused to help rebuild the bone marrow and blood-forming system.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For an \u003Cstrong>allogeneic stem cell transplant\u003C\u002Fstrong>, the stem cells come from a compatible donor. Whether transplantation is recommended depends on factors such as the genetic and molecular features of the AML, response to treatment, risk of relapse, age, and overall health.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An \u003Cstrong>autologous stem cell transplant\u003C\u002Fstrong>, which uses a patient’s own previously collected stem cells, may be considered in selected situations, although allogeneic transplantation is more commonly used for AML when transplantation is indicated.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","💊",{"author":11,"reviewedBy":11,"lastReviewed":11,"datePublished":11,"citations":33,"disclaimer":11},[34,37,40,43],{"title":35,"url":36},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Ftypes\u002Fleukemia\u002Fpatient\u002Fadult-aml-treatment-pdq ",{"title":38,"url":39},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Ftypes\u002Fleukemia\u002Fhp\u002Fadult-aml-treatment-pdq ",{"title":41,"url":42},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia\u002FOther Myeloid Malignancies Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Versio","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Ftypes\u002Fleukemia\u002Fpatient\u002Fchild-aml-treatment-pdq ",{"title":44,"url":45},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). 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