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Some people with CLL may not need treatment right away and can be monitored through regular follow-up.",[66,72,76,80,84],{"key":67,"title":68,"html":69,"icon":70,"updatedAt":71},"","Overview","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of blood cancer in which abnormal B lymphocytes gradually build up in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CLL usually progresses slowly. Some people have no symptoms when they are diagnosed, and the disease may be found during a routine blood test. As CLL progresses, symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes, an enlarged liver or spleen, fatigue, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, or frequent infections.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A diagnosis of CLL does not always mean treatment needs to start right away. People without symptoms or other indications for treatment may be monitored regularly. Treatment can be started if the disease progresses or other reasons for treatment develop.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-09-14",{"key":67,"title":73,"html":74,"icon":75,"updatedAt":71},"Causes and Risk Factors","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The exact cause of CLL is not known. It develops when genetic changes cause certain B lymphocytes to grow and survive longer than they normally would. Over time, these abnormal cells can build up in the body.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Several factors are associated with a higher risk of CLL:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"width: 567.633px;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Age:\u003C\u002Fstrong> CLL is most commonly diagnosed in older adults.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Family history:\u003C\u002Fstrong> Having a close relative with CLL or another blood cancer may increase the risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Sex:\u003C\u002Fstrong> CLL is more common in men than in women.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Certain environmental or occupational exposures:\u003C\u002Fstrong> Some exposures may be associated with an increased risk of CLL, although their role is still being studied.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Having one or more risk factors does not mean that someone will develop CLL, and many people diagnosed with CLL have no known risk factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🧬",{"key":67,"title":77,"html":78,"icon":79,"updatedAt":71},"Signs and Symptoms","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many people with CLL have no symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"width: 567.633px;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ongoing fatigue or weakness\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fever\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Night sweats\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Unexplained weight loss\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An enlarged liver or spleen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Frequent or persistent infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Easy bruising or bleeding\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Shortness of breath\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Feeling full after eating only a small amount\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. Tests are needed to determine whether they are related to CLL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","📋",{"key":67,"title":81,"html":82,"icon":83,"updatedAt":71},"Diagnosis","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If blood tests show a persistently high lymphocyte count or there are other signs that suggest CLL, additional testing may be needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Blood Tests\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A complete blood count (CBC) measures the number of different types of blood cells. People with CLL typically have an increased number of lymphocytes in the blood. Some may also have anemia or a low platelet count.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> Flow Cytometry and Immunophenotyping\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Flow cytometry and immunophenotyping examine specific markers on the surface of lymphocytes. These tests can help determine whether abnormal lymphocytes are CLL cells and distinguish CLL from other blood disorders.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Bone Marrow Tests\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A bone marrow aspiration and\u002For biopsy may be performed in some cases to evaluate CLL cells in the bone marrow.However, bone marrow testing is not always required to diagnose CLL. Whether it is needed depends on the individual situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Genetic and Molecular Testing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genetic, chromosomal, and molecular testing can provide more information about the biological features of CLL.For example, \u003Cstrong>del(17p), TP53 abnormalities, and IGHV mutation status\u003C\u002Fstrong> can help assess risk and guide treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","🩺",{"key":67,"title":85,"html":86,"icon":87,"updatedAt":71},"Treatment","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment for CLL depends on whether there are indications for treatment, as well as the characteristics of the disease, genetic and molecular features, age, overall health, and previous treatments.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Not everyone with CLL needs treatment right away.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Active Surveillance (Watch and Wait)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people with early-stage CLL who have no symptoms or other indications for treatment, regular monitoring may be recommended instead of starting treatment immediately. This approach is often called \u003Cstrong>active surveillance\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>watch and wait\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Follow-up usually includes regular blood tests and physical exams to monitor for changes in the disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Watch and wait does not mean ignoring the disease. It means monitoring CLL closely and starting treatment when it becomes necessary.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Targeted Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapy is an important part of CLL treatment today. These medications act on specific pathways that CLL cells use to grow and survive.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common targeted therapies include \u003Cstrong>BTK inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Treatment choices depend on the characteristics of the CLL, genetic and molecular test results, overall health, and previous treatments.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Immunotherapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some treatments use antibodies that recognize specific proteins on CLL cells and help the immune system target them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, \u003Cstrong>anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies\u003C\u002Fstrong> may be used alone or in combination with other treatments.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Chemotherapy and Chemoimmunotherapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy were once major treatments for CLL. With the development of targeted therapies, treatment options have changed significantly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy may still be considered in selected situations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Radiation Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Radiation therapy is not commonly used as a primary treatment for CLL. In selected cases, localized radiation may be used to relieve symptoms caused by enlarged lymph nodes or an enlarged spleen.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not a routine treatment for most people with CLL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An \u003Cstrong>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant\u003C\u002Fstrong> may be considered for a small number of people with high-risk or difficult-to-treat CLL when other treatments have not provided adequate disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whether transplantation is appropriate depends on factors such as disease risk, response to previous treatment, age, overall health, and donor availability.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","💊",{"author":67,"reviewedBy":67,"lastReviewed":67,"datePublished":67,"citations":89,"disclaimer":67},[90,93,96,99],{"title":91,"url":92},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Ftypes\u002Fleukemia\u002Fpatient\u002Fcll-treatment-pdq",{"title":94,"url":95},"National Cancer Institute (NCI). Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Ftypes\u002Fleukemia\u002Fhp\u002Fcll-treatment-pdq",{"title":97,"url":98},"American Cancer Society (ACS). Tests for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Ftypes\u002Fchronic-lymphocytic-leukemia\u002Fdetection-diagnosis-staging\u002Fhow-diagnosed.html",{"title":100,"url":101},"American Cancer Society (ACS). Treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Ftypes\u002Fchronic-lymphocytic-leukemia\u002Ftreating.html",false,1789384093359]