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Abnormal plasma cells build up in the marrow and can cause bone damage, anemia, infections, kidney problems, and high calcium levels.",[68,74,78,82,86],{"key":69,"title":70,"html":71,"icon":72,"updatedAt":73},"","Overview","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that starts in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Plasma cells normally produce antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably and produce large amounts of an abnormal antibody called a monoclonal protein (M protein).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As these cells build up, they can interfere with normal blood cell production and damage different organs, leading to:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone damage and bone pain\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Anemia and an increased risk of infection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Kidney problems\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">High blood calcium levels\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Multiple myeloma is generally considered a chronic, treatable disease that often requires long-term management. New treatments—including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and CAR-T cell therapy—have significantly improved outcomes for many patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-10-09",{"key":69,"title":75,"html":76,"icon":77,"updatedAt":73},"Causes and Risk Factors","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but several factors are associated with an increased risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Older age: Most patients are diagnosed after age 65.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Male sex: Men are affected slightly more often than women.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): MGUS is a precursor condition that can progress to myeloma in a small percentage of patients each year.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Family history: Having a close relative with multiple myeloma slightly increases risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Obesity and certain environmental exposures: These may contribute to risk in some people.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Most people with MGUS never develop myeloma, and many patients with multiple myeloma have no identifiable risk factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🧬",{"key":69,"title":79,"html":80,"icon":81,"updatedAt":73},"Signs and Symptoms","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some people have no symptoms when myeloma is first detected through abnormal blood tests or an M protein found during routine evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common symptoms of active myeloma include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone symptoms\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Persistent bone pain, especially in the back, ribs, or pelvis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone destruction or fractures\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Compression fractures of the spine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Symptoms related to anemia\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fatigue\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Weakness\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Shortness of breath\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pale skin\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recurrent infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fever\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More frequent respiratory or urinary tract infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Kidney and calcium-related symptoms\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Increased thirst and urination\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Nausea or constipation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Loss of appetite\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Confusion or drowsiness in severe hypercalcemia\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","📋",{"key":69,"title":83,"html":84,"icon":85,"updatedAt":73},"Diagnosis","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnosing multiple myeloma usually requires a combination of blood, urine, bone marrow, and imaging tests.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Blood tests\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These may include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Complete blood count (CBC)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Kidney function and calcium levels\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Serum free light chain assay\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These tests help identify and measure M protein and assess disease activity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Urine tests\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A 24-hour urine collection and urine immunofixation can detect monoclonal light chains (Bence Jones proteins) and help evaluate kidney involvement.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow tests\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy confirm the percentage of plasma cells and may include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Flow cytometry\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">FISH testing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Molecular genetic testing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These findings help determine disease risk and guide treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Imaging\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common imaging studies include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whole-body low-dose CT\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">PET\u002FCT\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">MRI\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These tests identify bone lesions, bone marrow involvement, and fracture risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🩺",{"key":69,"title":87,"html":88,"icon":89,"updatedAt":73},"Treatment","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment for multiple myeloma is individualized based on age, overall health, disease risk, and whether stem cell transplantation is appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment often includes induction therapy, autologous stem cell transplantation for eligible patients, consolidation therapy, maintenance therapy, and treatment for relapse if needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Watchful Waiting: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">People with MGUS or most cases of smoldering multiple myeloma are monitored rather than treated immediately.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Monitoring typically includes blood tests, urine tests, M protein measurements, and imaging when needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Drug Therapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Modern myeloma treatment usually combines several types of medications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapy:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Proteasome inhibitors and other targeted drugs interfere with myeloma cell survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunomodulatory drugs: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These medications help the immune system fight myeloma while also slowing tumor growth.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Monoclonal antibody therapy:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Monoclonal antibodies recognize specific proteins on myeloma cells and help the immune system destroy them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy is still used in combination regimens and as high-dose treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Radiation Therapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Radiation therapy is mainly used for localized disease, including painful bone lesions, areas at risk of fracture, or tumor compression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains an important standard treatment for eligible patients. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The typical process includes: i\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">nduction therapy, c\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">ollection of the patient's own stem cells, h\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">igh-dose chemotherapy, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">stem cell infusion to restore bone marrow function. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">While transplantation is not usually curative, it can prolong remission.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T Cell Therapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T cell therapy has become an important option for selected patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The treatment involves collecting T cells, genetically engineering them to recognize myeloma cells, and infusing them back into the patient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bispecific Antibody Therapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bispecific antibodies are newer immunotherapies that connect T cells with myeloma cells to help the immune system destroy cancer cells. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These therapies are primarily used for selected patients with relapsed or refractory disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Maintenance Therapy: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Maintenance therapy may help prolong remission and reduce the risk of relapse after an initial response to treatment. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The choice of maintenance therapy depends on disease risk and treatment response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Clinical Trials: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Clinical trials continue to evaluate new targeted therapies, immunotherapies, CAR-T cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, and combination treatment strategies for newly diagnosed, high-risk, relapsed, and refractory multiple myeloma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","💊",{"author":69,"reviewedBy":69,"lastReviewed":69,"datePublished":69,"citations":91,"disclaimer":69},[],false,1792294328303]