[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":93},["ShallowReactive",2],{"media-slots-en":3,"wiki-item-en-disease-melanoma":61},{"about.hero":4,"about.video":6,"about.video-cover":8,"charity.hero":10,"contact.hero":12,"evidence.hero":14,"footer.qr-blood":16,"footer.qr-mini":18,"footer.qr-official":20,"footer.qr-solid":22,"guide.hero":24,"home.hero":26,"home.news-featured":28,"home.story-featured":30,"news.hero":32,"news.lead":34,"news.thumb":36,"stories.cover":41,"stories.hero":48,"stories.lead":50,"wiki.cat":52,"wiki.detail-hero":57,"wiki.hero":59},[5],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%8D%9A%E5%8C%BB%E5%90%8C%E8%A1%8C_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[7],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002F%E9%A3%9E%E4%B9%A620260729-233252_compressed.mp4",[9],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002F%E9%A3%9E%E4%B9%A620260729-233252_frame1.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[11],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[13],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F08\u002Fbde8f2354d29ffca7dcfe395ef4711b2.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[15],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.yyhmedical.com\u002Fimages\u002Fevidence\u002Fhero.jpg",[17],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002Fqr-blood.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[19],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002Fqr-mini.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[21],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002Fqr-official.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[23],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fabout\u002Fqr-solid.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[25],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%BA%93_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[27],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[29],"\u002Fimages\u002Fhome\u002Fnews-featured.jpg",[31],"\u002Fimages\u002Fhome\u002Fstory-featured.jpg",[33],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E6%82%A3%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[35],"\u002Fimages\u002Fnews\u002Flead.jpg",[37,38,39,40],"\u002Fimages\u002Fnews\u002Fn1.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fnews\u002Fn2.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fnews\u002Fn3.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fnews\u002Fn4.jpg",[42,43,44,45,46,47],"\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs1.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs2.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs3.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs4.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs5.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Fs6.jpg",[49],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E6%82%A3%E8%80%85%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",[51],"\u002Fimages\u002Fstories\u002Flead.jpg",[53,54,55,56],"\u002Fimages\u002Fwiki\u002Fcat-1.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwiki\u002Fcat-2.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwiki\u002Fcat-3.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwiki\u002Fcat-4.jpg",[58],"\u002Fimages\u002Fwiki\u002Fdetail-hero.jpg",[60],"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fstatic\u002Fpc_banner\u002F%E6%8A%97%E7%99%8C%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91_en.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp",{"slug":62,"category":63,"categoryName":64,"title":65,"summary":66,"toc":67,"ymyl":90,"hasAlternate":92,"updatedAt":73},"disease-melanoma","solid","Solid Tumors","Melanoma","Melanoma is a cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. It most commonly occurs in the skin but can also develop beneath the nails, in the eye, and in mucosal tissues such as the mouth, nasal passages, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. Different melanoma subtypes can have distinct risk factors, molecular features, and treatment approaches.",[68,74,78,82,86],{"key":69,"title":70,"html":71,"icon":72,"updatedAt":73},"","Overview","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Melanoma develops from melanocytes. These cells are found mainly in the skin but are also present in the eye and certain mucosal tissues, so melanoma is not limited to the skin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common growth patterns of cutaneous melanoma include superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, and acral lentiginous melanoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acral melanoma develops on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, or beneath the nails and is particularly important to recognize in Asian populations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mucosal melanoma can arise in areas such as the nasal cavity, mouth, anorectal region, and female genital tract. Its biology and molecular features differ from those of cutaneous melanoma, so treatment strategies may also differ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Most melanomas do not develop from an existing common mole. They can arise from a pre-existing nevus, but more often appear in previously normal-looking skin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-10-08",{"key":69,"title":75,"html":76,"icon":77,"updatedAt":73},"Causes and Risk Factors","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Melanoma develops through a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and acquired genetic changes in melanocytes. Risk factors differ among melanoma subtypes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For cutaneous melanoma, ultraviolet radiation is an important risk factor, particularly repeated severe sunburns and exposure to artificial UV sources. Other risk factors include having many or atypical moles, a personal or family history of melanoma, certain inherited genetic changes, and immunosuppression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">UV exposure is not equally important for all melanoma subtypes. Acral and mucosal melanomas, for example, are less strongly linked to ultraviolet radiation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There is not good evidence that repeated rubbing, scratching, minor trauma, or removal of a mole causes a benign mole to become melanoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🧬",{"key":69,"title":79,"html":80,"icon":81,"updatedAt":73},"Signs and Symptoms","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cutaneous melanoma may appear as a new pigmented lesion or as a noticeable change in an existing mole.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The “ABCDE” rule is commonly used to recognize suspicious lesions:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A — Asymmetry: one half looks different from the other.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">B — Border: irregular, blurred, or notched edges.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">C — Color: multiple colors within one lesion or a noticeable change in color.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">D — Diameter: a larger lesion may raise concern, but melanomas can also be smaller than 6 mm.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">E — Evolving: changes in size, shape, color, thickness, or symptoms over time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A new lesion that looks very different from a person's other moles should also be evaluated.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Other warning signs may include itching, pain, bleeding, crusting, ulceration, or a lesion becoming raised.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acral and Subungual Melanoma\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acral melanoma develops mainly on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, or beneath the nails.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On the soles, it may appear as an enlarging brown or black patch with irregular borders and uneven color. Some lesions may become raised, ulcerated, or bleed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Subungual melanoma may appear as a longitudinal pigmented band beneath a fingernail or toenail that gradually becomes wider or more irregular. Pigment may sometimes extend onto the surrounding skin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Not every dark spot or streak beneath a nail is melanoma. Bruising after injury, benign nail matrix nevi, and other pigment changes are much more common. A changing or widening band, nail distortion, or pigment extending onto nearby skin should be medically evaluated.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","📋",{"key":69,"title":83,"html":84,"icon":85,"updatedAt":73},"Diagnosis","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When melanoma is suspected, the doctor examines the lesion's size, color, borders, symmetry, and changes over time. Dermoscopy is often used to evaluate suspicious skin lesions more closely.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A tissue biopsy is required to establish the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When feasible, a suspicious cutaneous lesion is usually completely removed with a narrow initial margin for diagnostic biopsy. This allows the pathologist to accurately assess important features such as Breslow thickness and ulceration.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pathology reports commonly include Breslow thickness, ulceration, margin status, and other features that affect staging and treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunohistochemistry may support the diagnosis using markers such as SOX10, S100, Melan-A, and HMB45, but diagnosis is based on the overall pathologic findings rather than any single marker.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For selected patients with a melanoma that carries a meaningful risk of lymph node spread, sentinel lymph node biopsy may be considered at the time of definitive surgery. It helps identify microscopic lymph node involvement and guides staging and treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with higher-risk or more advanced disease may also need ultrasound, CT, PET\u002FCT, brain MRI, or other imaging.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Molecular testing is increasingly important. BRAF testing can guide treatment for advanced and selected high-risk melanoma, while other alterations such as KIT may be relevant in some acral or mucosal melanomas.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","🩺",{"key":69,"title":87,"html":88,"icon":89,"updatedAt":73},"Treatment","\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment depends on the primary site, stage, surgical findings, lymph node and distant spread, and molecular features such as BRAF status.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Surgery remains the main treatment for early-stage melanoma, while higher-risk and advanced disease may require a combination of surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and other local treatments.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For localized cutaneous melanoma, wide local excision is the standard treatment. Surgical margins are based on pathologic features such as Breslow thickness. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be recommended for selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with completely resected stage IIB, IIC, or certain stage III melanomas may be candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy to reduce the risk of recurrence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients with resectable stage III disease, immunotherapy may also be given before surgery as part of a neoadjuvant or perioperative approach.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For unresectable stage III, stage IV, or recurrent melanoma, immunotherapy and targeted therapy are now the major systemic treatment approaches.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">PD-1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab are important options. Combination immunotherapy, including nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab plus relatlimab, may be appropriate for selected patients, although combination therapy can cause more immune-related side effects.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For melanomas with a BRAF V600 mutation, combined BRAF and MEK inhibition is an important targeted treatment approach. Examples include dabrafenib plus trametinib and encorafenib plus binimetinib.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Radiation therapy may be used for selected local tumors, high-risk areas after surgery, or metastatic lesions, particularly those involving the brain or bone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 7px 0;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Traditional chemotherapy such as dacarbazine has a much smaller role today because immunotherapy and targeted therapy have substantially changed the treatment of advanced melanoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","💊",{"author":69,"reviewedBy":69,"lastReviewed":69,"datePublished":69,"citations":91,"disclaimer":69},[],false,1792294354421]