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What Patients and Families Can Do to Support a More Accurate Diagnosis","Prof. Zifen GAO and Dr. Yuehui LIN explain how integrated lymphoma diagnosis works, why misdiagnosis can occur, and how patients and families can help improve diagnostic accuracy.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F086051d8f4f9547d92445bb991ef0767.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","Expert Insights","2026-04-14","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Prof. Zifen GAO of the GoBroad Diagnostic Center and Dr. Yuehui LIN of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explain why lymphoma pathology can be complex and why an integrated diagnostic approach is important. The article describes how morphology, immunophenotyping, and molecular testing are interpreted together; reviews common causes of diagnostic error, including inadequate specimens, atypical disease features, and incomplete testing; and uses a real case to illustrate the full diagnostic process in a difficult lymphoma case. It also offers practical guidance on how patients and families can prepare specimens and medical records for consultation and cooperate with additional testing when needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In lymphoma care, the pathology diagnosis is one of the most important factors guiding treatment. Yet many patients and families are left with the same questions:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Why can a biopsy still fail to provide a clear diagnosis? Why might pathology slides need to be reviewed at more than one hospital?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To address these concerns, Prof. Zifen GAO of the GoBroad Diagnostic Center and Dr. Yuehui LIN of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explain why lymphoma can be difficult to diagnose and how integrated diagnostics can improve accuracy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Key Features of Lymphoma\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There are three important characteristics of lymphoma that patients and families may find helpful to understand:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. It can occur in many parts of the body. Lymphoma can involve almost any site other than structures such as hair and nails, including lymph nodes, the head and neck, chest, abdomen, skin, and bone.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Many types are highly treatable. Lymphoma is among the malignancies that can respond particularly well to treatment, and some subtypes can achieve high cure rates with approaches such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Diagnosis can be difficult. Lymphoma cells may look very similar to normal lymphocytes under the microscope. Unlike many solid-tumor cells, which may show obvious abnormal morphology, lymphoma cells can resemble lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation. For this reason, morphology alone is often not enough to determine whether a lymphoid proliferation is benign or malignant.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Why Integrated Diagnosis Matters\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lymphoma diagnosis should not rely on microscopic appearance alone. Several types of information usually need to be interpreted together:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Morphology is the foundation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining allows pathologists to assess cell size, shape, arrangement, and tissue architecture and to begin distinguishing inflammation, reactive hyperplasia, and neoplasia. However, morphology alone has limitations and may not reliably establish the lineage or maturation stage of abnormal cells.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Immunophenotyping is critical. Antibody-based testing can identify abnormal cells at the cellular level through flow cytometry and at the tissue level through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Markers such as Ki-67, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), MYC, and lineage-associated proteins can help determine whether a process is malignant and define the immunophenotype and differentiation stage of the tumor cells. Distinguishing T-cell lymphoma from B-cell lymphoma is especially important because treatment approaches can differ substantially.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Molecular testing provides additional evidence. Some abnormalities are not apparent at the protein level and may require tests such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or next-generation sequencing (NGS). These tests can identify tumor-associated genetic alterations and provide molecular evidence that supports the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Importantly, molecular results should not be interpreted in isolation from morphology and immunophenotyping. They are most useful as part of the overall diagnostic picture.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Bringing these elements together - morphology, protein expression, and molecular findings - is what is meant by an integrated diagnosis. Clinical presentation and laboratory findings are also important parts of the final interpretation.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In many countries with established hematopathology systems, integrated hematologic cancer diagnoses are issued by pathologists, with the relevant diagnostic laboratories coordinated within pathology services. In China, different testing platforms have historically been distributed across separate departments, which can make integration more challenging. Even so, the integrated diagnostic model is increasingly being adopted because it can improve the precision of lymphoma diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. How Diagnostic Wording Affects Clinical Decisions\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The wording in a pathology report can indicate how certain the diagnosis is and whether it is ready to guide treatment:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Definitive diagnosis: Wording such as a specific lymphoma subtype indicates that the available evidence is sufficient for a clear conclusion. This type of diagnosis can be used by the clinical team to plan treatment.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Qualified or uncertain diagnosis: Wording such as "consistent with," "consider," "favor," or "possibly" indicates that some uncertainty remains. A report at this level may require additional investigation before it is used to guide definitive treatment. Starting treatment on an uncertain diagnosis can be risky if the underlying disease has been classified incorrectly.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pathologists are deliberately cautious because an incorrect diagnosis can lead to ineffective treatment and, in some cases, irreversible harm.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Common Reasons Lymphoma Can Be Misdiagnosed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnostic discrepancies are not uncommon in lymphoma. The source article cites a series of more than 2,000 patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma in which the initial diagnosis was incorrect in nearly 40% of cases. It also cites a French study involving more than 30,000 cases, in which close to 20% of diagnostic revisions had the potential to alter treatment. These findings highlight why expert review can be important in difficult cases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common causes include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Specimen-related problems: A needle biopsy may miss the actual lesion, or delayed fixation may allow tissue autolysis and reduce specimen quality.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The main ways to obtain tissue include excisional biopsy, core needle biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. For a suspicious malignant lymph node, excisional biopsy is often preferred because it provides intact tissue architecture; the source article reports a diagnostic and staging accuracy of 96.8%. Core needle biopsy is widely used and can be highly informative, but in some cases the sample may be too limited or may not fully represent the lesion. Fine-needle aspiration is generally not recommended as the sole method for diagnosing lymphoma because it mainly provides individual cells without the tissue architecture that is often essential for lymphoma classification.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Atypical disease features: Some cases have unusual morphology and are difficult to classify.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Incomplete testing: Essential immunophenotypic markers or molecular studies may not have been performed.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Technical limitations: Some institutions may have limited testing platforms or variable quality-control systems.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Experience-related factors: Pathologists without dedicated hematopathology experience may have less familiarity with unusual lymphoma patterns.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For difficult cases, specialist pathology consultation can therefore be an important step toward a more accurate diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Integrated Diagnosis in Practice: A Case Example\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The following case illustrates how the different parts of an integrated diagnosis come together.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Example\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient was a 22-year-old man who developed facial swelling, thickened lips, and enlargement of the liver and spleen beginning in December 2019. He later developed slurred speech and behavioral or mental-status changes. Over the next two years, he was evaluated at several hospitals in Shanghai and underwent a lip biopsy, tonsillectomy, and stereotactic brain biopsy, but no definitive diagnosis was reached.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In September 2021, he was referred to the hospital where Prof. Gao was practicing. The team reviewed his previous pathology slides. The lip biopsy showed a dense cellular proliferation, but the morphology was atypical. The brain biopsy contained abnormal cells, but there were insufficient immunophenotypic markers to determine their nature.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A skin biopsy showed no abnormality. The team recommended another biopsy. With the family's cooperation, an ultrasound-guided biopsy was obtained from an area of thickened muscle around the shoulder and upper arm.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>The new evaluation showed:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Morphology: Normal muscle fibers were extensively destroyed and replaced by a relatively uniform population of abnormal, medium-to-large cells with clear cytoplasm. The morphology strongly suggested a T-cell neoplasm.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Immunophenotype: The abnormal cells were CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells, with a high Ki-67 proliferation index and loss of additional T-cell markers.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Molecular and flow-cytometric findings: Flow cytometry and gene-rearrangement testing both demonstrated a monoclonal T-cell population, supporting a malignant diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The final diagnosis was mature T-cell lymphoma. The subtype was too rare to be classified more specifically, but the evidence clearly established a malignant tumor of T-cell origin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Once the diagnosis was clarified, the clinical team developed a targeted treatment plan. At reassessment two months later, lesions throughout the body had largely resolved, the brain lesions had improved substantially, and the patient's symptoms were markedly better.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This case shows why an accurate diagnosis is the foundation of precision treatment, and why integrated diagnostics can be especially valuable in complex cases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. How Patients and Families Can Help Support an Accurate Diagnosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients and families can help in several practical ways:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Help obtain the best possible specimen. When a lymph node biopsy is needed, clinicians generally select the most abnormal node - considering features such as firmness and imaging findings, not simply size. When several lymph-node regions are involved, the source article describes a preference for supraclavicular, cervical, axillary, and then inguinal nodes when clinically appropriate. An intact lymph node with a short-axis diameter of about 1.5-2 cm may provide a useful specimen. Needle biopsies can carry a risk of sampling error, and tissue should be fixed promptly after collection to reduce autolysis.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. When seeking a pathology review, try to obtain the original stained slides when possible. Some institutions provide only unstained slides rather than lending the original H&E and immunohistochemistry slides. Unstained slides are cut from different levels of the tissue block and are not exact copies of the original section, so they may not fully represent the same area of disease. Original stained slides can therefore be especially valuable for expert review.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Bring complete medical records to the consultation. This should include previous pathology reports, imaging studies, and a clear treatment history. Information showing that a previous treatment did not work can be particularly important because it may prompt reconsideration of the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Complete additional testing when recommended. If the pathologist or treating team recommends further immunohistochemistry or molecular testing, these studies may be necessary to clarify the diagnosis and guide the next treatment decision.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>7. What Integrated Hematologic Cancer Diagnosis Aims to Achieve\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An integrated diagnostic approach has three main goals:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Provide a clear diagnosis so the clinical team can select an appropriate treatment plan.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Provide prognostic information, such as the proliferation index or genetic alterations associated with higher-risk disease.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Help guide treatment selection by identifying potential therapeutic targets and relevant drug options.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Precision treatment depends on precision diagnosis, and an individualized treatment plan can only be built on a sufficiently accurate understanding of the disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pathologists have traditionally worked largely behind the scenes. Today, specialist consultations and more direct communication with patients and families are helping both sides better understand the diagnostic process. Pathology teams across centers continue to advance integrated diagnosis with the goal of providing more accurate and timely answers for patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Disclaimer: Expert opinions are provided for general reference only. Please consult your treating physician for individualized diagnosis and treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",false,"2026-09-13",[71,80,87,94,101,107,114,120,126,133,140,147,154,162,169,176,183,189,196,203,210,217,224,231,238,245,251,258,264,271,272,279,285,292,298,304,311,317,324,331,338,344,351,357,364,371,377,384,391,397,404,411,418,424],{"slug":72,"title":73,"summary":74,"cover":75,"category":76,"publishedAt":77,"contentHtml":78,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation-full-cycle-management","From Age 1 to 76, from CAR-T Bridging to Second Transplant: The Full-Course Transplant Care Behind Nearly 1,500 HSCTs at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital","Drawing on experience from nearly 1,500 transplants, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has developed a full-course transplant management approach for complex settings such as CAR-T bridging, second transplantation, and transplantation in older adults.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fb6fd64af72d2898cad307604a028a8f5.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","Medical Advances","2026-08-21","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Since establishing its transplant program in 2017, the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation team at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has completed nearly 1,500 transplants in patients ranging from 1 to 76 years old. Across complex treatment settings including CAR-T bridging to transplant, second transplantation, salvage transplantation, and transplantation in older adults, the team has developed a full-course management approach covering pre-transplant assessment, donor selection, individualized conditioning, prevention and management of post-transplant complications, and maintenance therapy. This allows transplant pathways to be tailored for patients with leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and other hematologic diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">Stable Six Months After Transplant at Age 76\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In May 2026, Ms. Xiao (pseudonym), a 76-year-old patient from Shaanxi Province, returned for her six-month follow-up after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Her clinical indicators remained stable and her overall condition continued to improve.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ms. Xiao had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) that transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). She also had several underlying conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. After a comprehensive assessment, she proceeded with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Her case is not an isolated example of transplantation in an older adult.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have ranged in age from 1 to 76 years. The program treats both malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Clinical settings include first transplantation, second transplantation, CAR-T bridging to transplant, salvage transplantation, and transplantation in older adults.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Since the transplant program was established in 2017, the team at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has completed nearly 1,500 transplants and developed a full-course management system spanning pre-transplant assessment, donor selection, conditioning-plan design, prevention and management of complications, and post-transplant maintenance therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">What Sets the Transplant Team at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital Apart?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The Department of Hematology II (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation) at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital is led by Dr. Tong WU and brings together specialists with extensive adult and pediatric transplant experience across clinical care, teaching, and research.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Tong WU has 40 years of experience in hematologic disease care and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has completed several thousand allogeneic transplants. Her team has built extensive clinical experience in several key areas:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">· Assessing transplant indications and choosing the right timing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">· Donor selection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">· Designing individualized conditioning regimens\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">· Preventing and managing post-transplant complications\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">· Post-transplant maintenance therapy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Since 2017, the team has completed nearly 1,500 transplants in patients ranging from 1 to 76 years old.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The team reports comparable outcomes across matched sibling, unrelated-donor, and haploidentical related-donor transplantation. It has also accumulated substantial experience in second allogeneic transplantation, transplantation in older adults, and transplantation for relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Which Complex Transplant Settings Does the Team Focus On?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T Bridging to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), whether to proceed to allogeneic HSCT after CAR-T therapy depends on factors such as the depth of remission and the risk of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital team has completed CAR-T followed by allogeneic HSCT in more than 300 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The reported 3-year overall survival (OS) rate is 74.5%, and the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate is 64.0%.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">T-ALL patients have undergone CAR-T followed by allogeneic HSCT in more than 100 cases, with a reported 2-year OS of 60.4% and a 2-year DFS of 60.0%.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These data provide additional clinical evidence supporting the potential for long-term disease-free survival in selected patients with ALL that is resistant to conventional chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Second Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant generally carries higher risks of transplant-related mortality and disease relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Using strategies such as reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), family-based analysis of inherited susceptibility variants to help optimize donor selection, and post-transplant maintenance therapy, the team reports a 1-year OS of 80.6%, a 1-year DFS of 72.5%, and transplant-related mortality of 2.3% after second allogeneic HSCT.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Salvage Transplantation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the team uses individualized conditioning and post-transplant maintenance strategies. The reported 2-year OS and DFS after salvage transplantation are 56.4% and 48.6%, respectively.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For relapsed or refractory NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma treated with an appropriate allogeneic HSCT strategy, the reported 2-year OS and DFS are 57.6% and 52.1%, respectively.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Older Adults\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The team has been performing transplantation in older adults for many years, using individualized reduced-intensity conditioning and post-transplant maintenance to balance treatment effectiveness with safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More than 100 older adult patients have undergone transplantation. The reported overall DFS is 65.0%; among patients who were in remission before transplant, DFS is 74.1%.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Which Diseases May Be Considered for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The transplant program at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital mainly covers two broad groups of diseases:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematologic Malignancies\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Including:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Primary myelofibrosis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">B-cell, T-cell, and NK\u002FT-cell lymphomas\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Multiple myeloma\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone Marrow Failure and Immune-Related Disorders\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Including:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acquired and inherited aplastic anemia\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Primary immunodeficiency disorders\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whether transplantation is appropriate, when it should be performed, and which transplant approach should be used all require individualized assessment based on the disease type, remission status, age, underlying health conditions, donor availability, and other factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Does “Full-Course” Transplant Management Mean?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is much more than the stem cell infusion itself. To improve transplant outcomes, the Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital team focuses on four key stages:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Achieving the Best Possible Disease Control Before Transplant\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients whose disease has responded inadequately to conventional treatment, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or other approaches may be used according to disease characteristics to achieve a better remission before transplantation and reduce the risk of post-transplant relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Selecting the Most Appropriate Donor for the Individual Patient\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The team evaluates both related and unrelated donors using tools that may include family-based analysis of inherited susceptibility variants, with the goal of identifying a donor who is better suited to the individual patient, supporting stable hematopoietic and immune reconstitution and potentially reducing certain complications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Designing an Individualized Conditioning Regimen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Conditioning is tailored according to factors such as age, disease type, previous treatment, and organ function, with the aim of balancing disease control against treatment-related toxicity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Continuing Relapse and Complication Management After Transplant\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients, individualized maintenance therapy may be needed after transplantation according to relapse risk, with the aim of further reducing the chance of disease recurrence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the same time, post-transplant complications such as infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) require ongoing monitoring and management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is Precision Monitoring Used Throughout the Transplant Process?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before transplantation, the team routinely performs pharmacogenomic testing and combines it with therapeutic drug monitoring to support safer and more effective medication planning.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For disease monitoring, methods such as flow cytometry, RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and digital PCR may be used to assess measurable residual disease (MRD), helping the team identify changes early and intervene when needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For infection management, NGS-based testing may be used to help identify infectious pathogens and guide subsequent treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For GVHD and other abnormal immune responses, relevant laboratory parameters are assessed to help determine the type and severity of the problem and guide targeted treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In managing post-transplant complications such as GVHD, infection, and TMA, the team emphasizes prevention, early recognition, and timely intervention.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Academic Research: Findings Presented Repeatedly at Major International Hematology Meetings\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Research from the Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital transplant team has been presented more than 40 times as oral presentations or posters at major international hematology and transplantation meetings, including:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">European Hematology Association (EHA) Congress\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT) Annual Congress\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The team has published more than 10 studies on topics including B-ALL CAR-T bridging to transplant, long-term follow-up after T-ALL CAR-T bridging to transplant, second allogeneic HSCT, and allogeneic HSCT for relapsed or refractory NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma. Publications have appeared in journals including British Journal of Haematology, Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Oncology, Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Chinese Journal of Hematology, and Blood Advances.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Support May Patients Need Beyond the Transplant Itself?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation often involves a long period of treatment, recovery, and follow-up. In addition to medical needs, patients and families may also face practical challenges such as donor searches, day-to-day caregiving, children's education, and treatment costs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has a Patient Services Department that assists with unrelated-donor searches, HLA-matching coordination, and other transplant-related services.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Tong WU also holds two free video consultation sessions each month, while the medical and nursing teams provide ongoing information support through online patient education and health-information programs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For day-to-day support, the hospital's community kitchen and patient-family support services benefit more than 5,000 people each year. The ward school provides nearly 1,000 regular classes annually and has served more than 25,000 pediatric patients in total.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The hospital also works with Beijing Puhui Health Insurance, local inclusive supplementary health-insurance programs in other regions, and multiple commercial insurers to provide additional support for patients and families\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">From a Single Transplant to Full-Course Management\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From age 1 to 76, from first transplant to second transplant, and from CAR-T bridging to transplantation in older adults, the experience gained from nearly 1,500 transplants at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital goes beyond technical expertise in the transplant procedure itself.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with complex hematologic diseases, what matters is the entire treatment pathway: when to proceed to transplant, how to control disease beforehand, which donor to choose, what conditioning regimen to use, how to reduce post-transplant relapse and complications, and how to plan long-term follow-up. Together, these steps form full-course hematopoietic stem cell transplant management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Frequently Asked Questions\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: Does being older mean I cannot have a hematopoietic stem cell transplant?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Age alone does not determine transplant eligibility. The decision requires an overall assessment of disease status, heart and lung function, other underlying conditions, physical fitness and treatment tolerance, and the expected benefits and risks of transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, transplant patients have ranged in age from 1 to 76 years, and the team has completed more than 100 transplants in older adults.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: Do all patients need a hematopoietic stem cell transplant after CAR-T therapy?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">No. Not every patient needs to proceed to transplantation after CAR-T.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the decision to bridge from CAR-T to allogeneic HSCT is based on factors such as the depth of remission after CAR-T, the risk of relapse, and previous treatment history.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: If the disease relapses after a first transplant, can a second transplant still be considered?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients, a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant may be considered after a comprehensive evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Suitability for a second transplant depends on factors including disease status after the first transplant, the timing of relapse, the patient's overall condition, donor options, and complications from the previous transplant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: What is the single most important part of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There is no single step that determines the outcome on its own.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Disease control before transplant, donor selection, conditioning, and post-transplant management of infection, GVHD, relapse monitoring, and maintenance therapy are all interconnected and require continuous, full-course management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: Is long-term follow-up still needed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Yes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Even after transplantation is complete, patients still need ongoing monitoring of the underlying disease, measurable residual disease, donor chimerism, immune recovery, and transplant-related complications such as infection and GVHD. The timing and content of follow-up should be individualized by the treating physician according to the patient's recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-09-14",{"slug":81,"title":82,"summary":83,"cover":84,"category":65,"publishedAt":85,"contentHtml":86,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"car-t-therapy-suitable-candidates-guide","Expert Guide: CAR-T, the “Special Forces” of Cancer Treatment — Who May Benefit, and Is It Worth Considering?","The opening article in Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital’s CAR-T Q&A series answers four questions patients commonly ask: how CAR-T works, when it should be considered, what outcomes may be possible, and how treatment-related risks are managed.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fb17a37371df690f48352cb302d6b2b66.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-24","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This introductory article in Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital’s CAR-T Q&A series focuses on several practical questions that matter most to patients and families. It explains how CAR-T differs fundamentally from chemotherapy and targeted therapy by using genetically engineered immune cells as a “living drug”; why CAR-T should not always be reserved until every other option has failed; how treatment outcomes can be influenced by factors such as a patient’s overall condition and tumor burden; and how adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can be monitored and managed at experienced treatment centers. The article also discusses how CAR-T has changed the treatment landscape for relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies and why timely specialist evaluation may be important when disease responds poorly to chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">What happens when chemotherapy stops working? Is CAR-T only a last resort, or can it offer another meaningful treatment opportunity? How serious are the side effects, and how should patients think about the risks and potential benefits?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many patients with blood cancers and their families face exactly these questions. Some people describe CAR-T as a “miracle treatment,” while others see it as a final attempt after everything else has failed. The cost of treatment and concerns about “cytokine storms” can also make the decision feel overwhelming. In this first article of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital’s CAR-T Q&A series, we address some of the questions patients and families ask most often.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. CAR-T Is Often Called the “Special Forces” of Cancer Treatment. How Is It Different from Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A simple analogy can help explain the difference:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be compared to broad-area attacks. They are effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they can also affect healthy tissues such as hair follicles, the gastrointestinal tract, and blood-forming cells. This is why treatment can cause side effects such as hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and low blood counts.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapies are more like precision tools. They are designed to recognize specific molecular targets on or within cancer cells. However, cancer cells can change over time, and loss or alteration of a target can contribute to drug resistance and relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T takes a different approach. Rather than introducing an external drug alone, it uses a patient’s own T cells, which are collected, genetically engineered and expanded in the laboratory, and then infused back into the body as a “living” cellular therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The process can be summarized in four steps:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Collection: T cells are collected from the patient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Engineering: In the laboratory, the T cells are modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that can recognize a specific target on cancer cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Expansion: The engineered CAR-T cells are multiplied to produce enough cells for treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Infusion: The CAR-T cells are infused back into the patient, where they can recognize and attack cancer cells carrying the target antigen.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In simple terms, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are medicines given from outside the body, while CAR-T works by reprogramming part of the patient’s own immune system to recognize cancer more effectively.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Another important difference is that conventional medicines are gradually metabolized and cleared from the body. CAR-T cells are living cells: after infusion, they can expand and may persist for a period of time, continuing to provide immune surveillance. This ability is one reason CAR-T can produce deep and sometimes durable remissions in selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. If Chemotherapy Is Not Working Well, Is CAR-T Only the “Last Step”?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Not necessarily. For many patients, the timing of CAR-T evaluation can be just as important as the decision to use CAR-T itself. It should not automatically be viewed as something to consider only when every other option has been exhausted.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At present, CAR-T is used most extensively in hematologic malignancies, particularly certain B-cell leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. For patients who have not achieved a complete response after two or more treatment approaches, or whose disease relapses soon after remission, early assessment by a CAR-T team may be appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Why consider evaluation earlier? CAR-T outcomes can be influenced by the patient’s overall health, organ function, immune-cell fitness, and tumor burden. Clinical experience suggests that treatment may be easier to deliver and potentially more effective when the disease burden is better controlled and the patient is in stronger overall condition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with better overall fitness and a lower tumor burden may have more favorable conditions for CAR-T expansion and treatment response, and may also face a lower risk of severe toxicity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If CAR-T is postponed until after many additional treatments, when organ function and immune reserve have already declined, manufacturing and treatment can become more difficult, and the risk of serious complications such as severe CRS may increase.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Key message: CAR-T does not always need to wait until there are “no options left.” If leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma is responding poorly to treatment, discussing CAR-T eligibility and timing with an experienced cellular-therapy team can help clarify the next steps.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. CAR-T Can Be Expensive. What Is a Realistic Chance of Long-Term Remission or Cure?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is one of the most important and practical questions for patients and families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T has significantly changed the treatment landscape for relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. The source article notes that Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has accumulated experience from nearly 5,000 CAR-T clinical research and treatment cases across B-ALL, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, T-ALL, and other diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment outcome is closely related to the individual clinical situation and timing:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For selected patients whose tumor burden is well controlled and who receive CAR-T at an appropriate time, treatment can achieve a deep response, including measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity. For some patients, this can support longer-term survival and, in certain disease settings, the possibility of clinical cure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some high-risk patients, CAR-T may also serve as a bridge to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the goal is to achieve a deep remission first and then use transplantation to consolidate that response and reduce relapse risk when clinically appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T is not a universal cure, and no treatment can guarantee a 100% cure rate. Outcomes vary substantially by disease type, disease biology, prior treatment, target expression, tumor burden, and the patient’s overall condition. What CAR-T has done is create meaningful new possibilities for some patients whose disease previously had very limited treatment options.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. How Safe Is CAR-T? What Side Effects Should Patients Know About?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Safety is a major concern for almost every patient considering CAR-T. At experienced centers, many treatment-related adverse events can be anticipated, closely monitored, and managed with timely intervention.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">One of the most common adverse events is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), an inflammatory reaction that can cause fever, chills, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Many cases are mild to moderate and can be managed with supportive care and, when needed, treatments such as anti-IL-6 therapy. Severe CRS requires prompt, intensive management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some patients may also develop neurologic toxicity, sometimes referred to as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), with symptoms such as difficulty speaking, tremor, confusion, or seizures. Low blood counts and low immunoglobulin levels can also occur after treatment, and some patients may need supportive treatments such as immunoglobulin replacement.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">So, is the risk worth taking?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The answer depends on the individual risk-benefit balance. For some patients with chemotherapy-refractory disease, remaining standard options may be limited and the expected course of the disease may be poor. CAR-T carries a period of treatment-related risk, but it may also offer the possibility of a deeper and more durable response. The decision should be based on the patient’s disease status, available alternatives, overall health, and personal treatment goals.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Another important factor is the experience of the treatment team. The source article notes that the hospital has managed thousands of CAR-T treatment episodes and has developed structured protocols for fever management, corticosteroid use, and escalation to intensive care when necessary. The goal is not to assume that side effects will be harmless, but to recognize them early and have a clear plan for managing them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ultimately, the decision is about weighing a known, closely monitored period of treatment risk against the potential for disease control that may be difficult to achieve with conventional therapy alone. An experienced CAR-T team can help patients and families understand that balance more clearly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. If I Have CAR-T, Will I Still Need a Stem Cell Transplant? How Are the Two Used Together?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are not always an either-or choice. Depending on the disease, they may be alternatives in some settings or used sequentially in others.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For lymphoma, including certain cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), CAR-T may be used as an alternative treatment strategy when disease is resistant to chemotherapy and transplantation is not the preferred or feasible option.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some high-risk leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), CAR-T may be used to achieve a deep remission, such as MRD negativity, before proceeding to transplantation to consolidate the response and lower the risk of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whether CAR-T, transplantation, or a combination of the two is most appropriate depends on the disease type, risk classification, response to previous treatment, overall health, donor availability, and other individual factors. Patients should discuss these considerations in detail with their treating team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Final Takeaway\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T is neither a “miracle cure” nor simply a last-resort treatment. It has specific indications, a structured treatment process, and real risks that require careful management. For some patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies, it may be considered earlier in the treatment pathway and may also be used to create a bridge to transplantation. If you are wondering whether CAR-T could be relevant to your situation, bring your complete medical records to an experienced cellular-therapy team for a comprehensive assessment and discuss which treatment approach best fits your individual disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":88,"title":89,"summary":90,"cover":91,"category":65,"publishedAt":92,"contentHtml":93,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"bone-marrow-report-interpretation-guide","Dr. Jiao ZONG × Dr. Yuehui LIN: A 5% Blast Count Does Not Automatically Mean Relapse — How to Read a Bone Marrow Report","Two specialists explain the key findings in a blood and bone marrow cell morphology report from both laboratory and clinical perspectives, reminding patients that an increased blast count does not necessarily mean relapse and must be interpreted in context.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F42e364f76e835eb09b2fd9e33ca82577.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-17","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Jiao ZONG and Dr. Yuehui LIN of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explain how to read a cell morphology report from both laboratory and clinical perspectives. The article reviews the clinical meaning of differential cell counts and morphologic descriptions, and emphasizes that blasts above 5% are a warning sign rather than proof of relapse. Physiologic factors, medication history, infection, flow cytometry, molecular testing, and other findings must be considered together. The goal is to help patients and families understand common report terminology more accurately and avoid unnecessary panic or misinterpretation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When patients and families receive a cell morphology report from a bone marrow or peripheral blood smear, the page can feel overwhelming: numbers, symbols, and unfamiliar terms everywhere. Blasts, immature lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes — what do these terms actually mean, and which findings deserve the most attention?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this article, Jiao ZONG and Dr. Yuehui LIN of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explain the report from both laboratory and clinical perspectives, helping readers make sense of this important “map” of what may be happening in the blood and bone marrow.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. What Is Cell Morphology, and Why Is It Tested?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A complete blood count (CBC) tells us how many blood cells are present. Think of looking at a supermarket from far away: you can count how many apples and bananas there are, but you cannot tell whether the fruit is fresh, unripe, or spoiled.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cell morphology takes a much closer look. Special stains are used to make different cell types and stages of development easier to distinguish. Under a microscope, laboratory specialists assess each cell’s size, shape, internal structure, degree of maturity, and overall appearance, then classify normal, immature, and abnormal cells one by one.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A CBC alone has important limitations. Sometimes cell counts appear to be within the normal range even though the cells themselves are abnormal. Subtle problems such as immaturity or abnormal cell shape may not be visible from blood counts alone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cell morphology is often one of the first steps in diagnosis. It can quickly detect abnormalities and help point the clinical team toward a likely benign or malignant process. You can think of it as a signpost: it helps show which direction further testing should take and where the most suspicious findings may be.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During treatment, repeat morphology testing can also provide a direct view of treatment response, bone marrow recovery, and sometimes early warning signs of change.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, a patient may initially have blasts and immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. After treatment, those cells may gradually disappear. Later, a new group of large, uniform-looking cells may appear. With special cytochemical staining, the laboratory may find that these cells look different from the original disease, raising the possibility of a lineage change. Recognizing this difference early can alert the clinical team and help avoid misinterpretation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F244e21669daf804512898358900b0c79_20260913073752.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"244e21669daf804512898358900b0c79_20260913073752.png\" alt=\"d1f46b44-368c-4cc2-ae32-58b11fbdcd4f.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">That is the value of morphology: it is not only about whether certain cells are present or how many there are, but also whether they look normal and, most importantly, what kind of cells they are.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F7d165b57b544719378b9af9fbff5c861_20260913073813.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"7d165b57b544719378b9af9fbff5c861_20260913073813.png\" alt=\"cf5555f3-e140-4a3e-997d-d7c9fff14926.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. How Do You Read a Cell Morphology Report, and What Should You Focus On?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A CBC is relatively straightforward, with arrows often showing whether a value is high or low. A morphology report is different. It does not only ask whether a cell count is outside the reference range; the appearance of the cells also matters.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A morphology report generally contains four parts:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Patient information\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Differential cell count\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Morphologic description\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Interpretive conclusion\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For a peripheral blood smear, the laboratory specialist classifies 100–200 cells or more and records the proportions of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and other cell types.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In normal adult peripheral blood, neutrophils account for about 50%–70%, lymphocytes 20%–40%, and monocytes 3%–8%; eosinophils and basophils are uncommon. In young children, especially those under 6, lymphocytes may physiologically reach 40%–60% without indicating disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F138ef4b2442952dbdd90dc70b980a4be_20260913073835.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"138ef4b2442952dbdd90dc70b980a4be_20260913073835.png\" alt=\"0ce099bb-4b81-478f-baa7-12f52de36786.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If a report says “atypical lymphocytes are seen” or “increased lymphocyte proportion,” do not panic. These findings are warning signals, not a diagnosis by themselves. Whether they are clinically significant depends on the overall picture and may require correlation with symptoms, flow cytometry, and molecular testing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cem>Q1: If Blasts Are Seen, Does That Mean the Disease Has Relapsed?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Cell development is a little like human growth from infancy to adulthood. Blasts are like newborns: only a small number should normally be present in the bone marrow. Immature cells are more like children, while mature cells are like adults.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>A small number of blasts can be present in normal bone marrow. If they have a normal appearance and are not increased, they may simply represent normal developing cells.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cem>Q2: What Kind of Blasts Should Raise Concern?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Normal blasts are generally medium-sized, with a regular nucleus and fine chromatin, giving them a relatively uniform, orderly appearance.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Malignant blasts may look different: they can be larger, have irregular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, finely dispersed chromatin, or other abnormal features. Their morphology can therefore provide important clues that the cells may not be normal.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Two things matter most: how many cells there are and what they look like.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From a numerical standpoint, 5% is an important threshold. If blasts in the bone marrow exceed 5%, morphology raises a “yellow flag.” But a blast count at or above 5% on morphology alone does not automatically prove relapse — it means the finding needs further investigation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Why? Several situations can cause a temporary increase in blast-like or immature cells:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Normal physiologic states: In growing children, the bone marrow can be highly active, and blasts may occasionally reach 5% or even higher without representing disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ After growth factor treatment or during recovery from chemotherapy: When the marrow responds strongly to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or recovers after chemotherapy, the blast proportion may temporarily increase as a reactive change.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Infection and certain other conditions: Reactive bone marrow proliferation can sometimes resemble a leukemoid response. Some viral infections may also cause lymphocytes to take on a more immature appearance, even though they are not malignant leukemia cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ After immunotherapies such as CAR-T: Some reactive lymphocytes may look blast-like under the microscope but are actually part of a normal treatment-related immune response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is why morphology is only the first step. The word “abnormal” on a morphology report does not automatically mean the disease has relapsed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Do Atypical Lymphocytes Always Mean Something Is Wrong?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Not necessarily. “Atypical lymphocytes” are commonly reported, and the term can understandably worry patients and parents.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Normal lymphocytes usually have a fairly regular appearance. Atypical lymphocytes may be larger, have more abundant cytoplasm, and appear irregular. One of the most common reasons is viral infection. After infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), lymphocytes can become activated and change in appearance as part of a normal immune response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After CAR-T therapy, reports may also describe “a small number of lymphocytes with irregular morphology, abundant cytoplasm, and purplish-red granules.” These cells are often reactive rather than malignant and may return to normal over time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">True leukemic immature lymphoid cells look different. They may be large, have prominent nucleoli, vacuoles, and irregular morphology. These are the cells that require closer attention. Flow cytometry and molecular testing can then be used together to help determine their significance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Three Tools Together Give the Clearest Answer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A morphology report is best interpreted together with three complementary tools:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Morphology — shows what the cells look like, including both number and appearance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Flow cytometry — identifies the cell-surface “ID card” by using antibodies to detect specific antigens and helps determine whether a cell population is normal or malignant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Molecular testing — looks for abnormalities inside the cells, such as mutations or chromosomal rearrangements, providing additional evidence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F6cb22fe64f67572fa049b697f6b7a03b_20260913073910.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6cb22fe64f67572fa049b697f6b7a03b_20260913073910.png\" alt=\"b5b7d711-d2e4-4fd2-914f-c0805962c570.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The article emphasizes that flow cytometry and molecular testing provide important confirmation of cell identity. Morphology may identify a suspicious population, but the final interpretation of relapse should integrate these findings rather than rely on morphology alone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>So How Should You Interpret the 5% Warning Threshold?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The 5% threshold needs context. The article gives a real example of a healthy child being evaluated as a stem cell donor. On bone marrow examination, immature lymphoid cells accounted for 20%–30% — a surprisingly high proportion — but they were confirmed to be normal B-cell precursors related to the child’s stage of development.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This illustrates that bone marrow activity varies from person to person. In children especially, active growth can be accompanied by a naturally higher proportion of immature cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In other words, the identity of the cells matters just as much as the number. If the cells are from the expected lineage and look normal, a somewhat higher proportion may still be benign. If their origin is unclear or their morphology is abnormal, even a small population may deserve further evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The key message for patients and parents is not to panic simply because a morphology report mentions abnormal cells or blasts. Morphology acts like an early scout: it helps detect and flag possible problems, but the final interpretation should be made together with flow cytometry, molecular testing, and the patient’s clinical context.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":95,"title":96,"summary":97,"cover":98,"category":76,"publishedAt":99,"contentHtml":100,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"myeloma-car-t-first-relapse-guideline-innovation-drug","Cancer Treatment Updates: CAR-T Moves Earlier in Relapsed Myeloma, a New Bispecific Antibody Enters Priority Review, and Innovative Drugs Join China's Essential Medicines List","Three recent cancer-care updates: a new myeloma guideline moves CAR-T earlier in the treatment pathway, the world's first PD-L1\u002F4-1BB bispecific antibody to reach the marketing stage has entered China's priority-review pathway, and the updated National Essential Medicines List adds a number of innovative therapies.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fdd3c7fee327f6d404d252fa1d8b60855.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-16","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This article highlights several recent developments in hematologic and solid-tumor care. The Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of First Relapsed Multiple Myeloma in China (2026) introduce the concepts of early relapse and functional high-risk disease and recommend considering CAR-T therapy earlier, including at first relapse for selected patients. The marketing application for opamtistomig (LBL-024), a PD-L1\u002F4-1BB bispecific antibody, has entered the priority-review pathway at China's Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE). The National Essential Medicines List (2026 Edition) adds 117 medicines, including several innovative therapies for hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases, and takes effect on September 1, 2026.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">July brought several new developments across hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These include updated treatment guidelines, innovative medicines moving through regulatory review, and continued progress in the clinical use and payment support of CAR-T therapy. Here is a patient-friendly roundup of several updates that may be particularly relevant to patients and families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Updated Myeloma Guideline: Some Patients May Consider CAR-T Earlier\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In March 2026, the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of First Relapsed Multiple Myeloma in China (2026) were formally published. One of the most important changes for patients with myeloma is that CAR-T therapy has moved earlier in the treatment pathway.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The guideline notes that multiple myeloma is still considered incurable, but the first relapse can be an important opportunity to achieve another deep response. At this stage, many patients may still have relatively preserved immune function and overall fitness, which can make them better able to benefit from newer treatment options.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For the first time, the guideline introduces the concepts of "early relapse" and "functional high-risk" disease. For patients in these higher-risk groups, CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies are recommended as important treatment options rather than being reserved only for very late-line treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The guideline also emphasizes reassessment after relapse, including cytogenetic testing and PET\u002FCT when appropriate, so that treatment can be tailored to the type of relapse. Not every relapse requires treatment to begin immediately.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Source: CAR-T Home\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>PD-L1\u002F4-1BB Bispecific Antibody Opamtistomig Enters Priority Review\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In July, Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co., Ltd. announced that the marketing application for its investigational PD-L1\u002F4-1BB bispecific antibody opamtistomig (LBL-024) had been proposed for priority review by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) of China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). If approved, it would become the first PD-L1\u002F4-1BB bispecific antibody to reach the market globally. The proposed indication is advanced extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (EP-NEC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The marketing application is based on a pivotal registrational study led by Prof. Lin Shen. The study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of opamtistomig in patients with advanced EP-NEC whose disease progressed after at least two prior lines of systemic therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F14a3537793ad897fa1660d0342838741_20260914000932.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"14a3537793ad897fa1660d0342838741_20260914000932.png\" alt=\"0302d8cb-bdcc-4e3a-be1c-16da6cc38dd0.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Screenshot source: CDE website\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">EP-NEC is an aggressive cancer. Once the disease progresses after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, later-line treatment options have historically been limited, which is why new therapeutic approaches are closely watched.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Beyond EP-NEC, opamtistomig is also being studied in a range of solid tumors, including lung, gastric, liver, biliary tract, esophageal, triple-negative breast, and ovarian cancers.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The drug remains under regulatory review. Whether it is ultimately approved, and the exact indication included in any approval, will depend on the regulator's final decision.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Sources: Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co., Ltd.; Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE), NMPA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>More CAR-T Products, More Individualized Treatment Options\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As one of the earlier clinical centers in China to provide CAR-T therapy, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital has completed institutional filing for seven approved CAR-T products. These products cover two established targets, CD19 and BCMA, with indications including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and other diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In addition to approved products, the hospital is also conducting multiple CAR-T clinical studies in diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, providing additional treatment opportunities for eligible patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F2dbd4471b94e01016deff149e53f073e_20260914001012.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"2dbd4471b94e01016deff149e53f073e_20260914001012.png\" alt=\"8ae6ea90-93af-47f3-8dae-ebd2e8b518ae.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Source: Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>China Updates Its National Essential Medicines List, Adding More Innovative Therapies\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">China's National Health Commission recently released the National Essential Medicines List (2026 Edition), which takes effect on September 1, 2026.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The National Essential Medicines List is not the same as China's national medical-insurance reimbursement list. Instead, it is a key national framework intended to support the availability and standardized use of essential medicines in healthcare institutions. Inclusion can help improve clinical access to these medicines.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The updated list adds 117 medicines, including a number of innovative treatments relevant to hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fbdec1f4b8f02a6dcd4737b85cdedb11a_20260914001028.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"bdec1f4b8f02a6dcd4737b85cdedb11a_20260914001028.png\" alt=\"7fbea53f-6331-4d2c-b48e-a1b294000188.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients, this means that more innovative medicines with established clinical value are gradually being incorporated into China's essential-medicines system, which may support broader and more standardized access over time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Source: National Health Commission, National Essential Medicines List (2026 Edition)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From updated treatment guidelines and new medicines moving through regulatory review to expanding clinical research and access support, these changes may not immediately alter every patient's treatment plan, but they continue to broaden the range of options that may be available in the future.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">We will continue to follow new developments in hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, neuroscience, and related fields, and translate complex medical information into updates that are easier for patients and families to understand.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":102,"title":103,"summary":104,"cover":105,"category":65,"publishedAt":99,"contentHtml":106,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"gastric-cancer-adverse-reactions-home-management-guide","Professor Jun Zhou: Managing Side Effects of Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy, and Immunotherapy for Gastric Cancer — What You Can Handle at Home and When to Seek Care","Professor Jun Zhou explains the common and less obvious side effects of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for gastric cancer, and highlights six situations that require prompt medical attention.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F83a52d1569003049e9c416b95cf15123.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Side effects during cancer treatment are often preventable, manageable, and reversible, and appropriate management can make a meaningful difference to quality of life. Professor Jun Zhou of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, reviews three major categories of treatment-related side effects in gastric cancer: gastrointestinal symptoms, myelosuppression, and liver toxicity from chemotherapy; hypertension, bleeding, thrombosis, and proteinuria from targeted therapy; and thyroid dysfunction, immune-related myocarditis, and other immune-related adverse events from immunotherapy. The article also highlights less obvious complications such as interstitial lung disease\u002Fpneumonitis and identifies six situations in which patients should seek medical care promptly, including fever above 38.5°C, breathing problems, cardiac symptoms, inability to maintain food or fluid intake, neurologic symptoms, and gastric-cancer emergencies such as bleeding, obstruction, or perforation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cancer treatment is often a long journey. In addition to the disease itself, treatment-related side effects can be difficult for patients and families to manage. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, and constipation do not simply have to be endured. With appropriate management, many of these symptoms can be reduced and quality of life can be improved.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For this article, we invited Professor Jun Zhou, Deputy Medical Director and Director of Gastrointestinal Oncology at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, to explain how patients can recognize and manage common side effects during gastric cancer treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q1: What are the most common side effects of gastric cancer treatment, and how can patients manage them at home?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Professor Jun Zhou: The first thing I want patients to know is that having side effects does not mean the treatment has failed, and it does not mean your body cannot tolerate treatment. Most treatment-related side effects can be prevented, managed, or reversed. The key is to recognize them early and intervene early.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment options for gastric cancer have expanded considerably — from the chemotherapy era decades ago, to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and now emerging approaches such as CAR-T cell therapy. Different treatments have different side-effect profiles. Let me go through some of the issues patients encounter most often.[1-5]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many of the side effects traditionally associated with gastric cancer treatment come from chemotherapy. Common examples include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Gastrointestinal side effects: Nausea and vomiting are among the most common. They often occur soon after chemotherapy and can make it difficult to eat. Some patients may also develop constipation or diarrhea.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow toxicity: This can cause low white blood cell counts, low platelet counts, and anemia. Decreases in white blood cells and platelets are particularly common. Anemia is already common in patients with gastric cancer and may become more pronounced after chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Liver toxicity: Many anticancer drugs are metabolized by the liver and may cause liver injury, which can show up as elevated liver enzymes and, in some cases, increased bilirubin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hair loss: This usually has little direct effect on physical health and is reversible in most cases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Targeted Therapy-Related Side Effects\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With the use of targeted therapies, the range of side effects seen in gastric cancer has become more diverse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, ramucirumab and fruquintinib are commonly used in later-line treatment settings. Potential side effects include hypertension, bleeding, thrombosis, and proteinuria.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Immunotherapy-Related Side Effects\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunotherapy is now widely used in gastric cancer in China, and immune-related adverse events can affect many different organs. Common issues include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Endocrine changes: Thyroid dysfunction is among the most common. Some patients may initially develop hyperthyroidism, which can cause irritability or restlessness, and later develop hypothyroidism, which may cause fatigue and excessive sleepiness. These problems can usually be managed with appropriate medication.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immune-related myocarditis: This is rare — occurring in fewer than 0.5% of patients according to the source article — but it can be serious. Careful assessment before immunotherapy is therefore important, especially in patients with active autoimmune disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immune-related adverse events can also affect the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, joints, and other organs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whatever the type of side effect, regular monitoring, early recognition, and timely management are essential. The goal is to minimize the impact of adverse events while allowing treatment to continue as safely as possible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q2: Are there less common side effects that patients with gastric cancer should pay particular attention to?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Professor Jun Zhou: Some treatment-related side effects can be relatively difficult to notice at first. One important example is interstitial lung disease (ILD)\u002Fpneumonitis, which may be associated with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or other treatments. It is often detected through chest CT imaging.[6]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If regular CT follow-up is difficult, pay close attention to new symptoms such as chest tightness, a persistent dry cough, or a noticeable decline in exercise tolerance. If these occur, contact your medical team and arrange appropriate evaluation promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whether you are in the hospital or at home, paying attention to changes in your body is an important part of self-management. Recognizing treatment-related adverse events early can help keep treatment safer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q3: Which symptoms require a hospital visit, and which mild side effects can usually be managed at home?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Professor Jun Zhou: This question is more important than any single medication or home-management tip. There are several situations in which patients should seek medical care promptly:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Fever. If your temperature is above 38.5°C, go to the hospital for a complete blood count and biochemical tests. In particular, the medical team will need to check whether white blood cell and neutrophil counts have fallen significantly. When these counts are very low, the risk of serious bacterial infection can rise sharply. Do not wait at home for a high fever to pass.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Breathing problems. Chest tightness, shortness of breath, a dry cough, or coughing up blood may indicate a serious lung complication such as interstitial lung disease\u002Fpneumonitis. This is particularly important for patients receiving ADC therapy. Seek medical evaluation promptly if these symptoms occur.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Cardiac symptoms. New palpitations, an irregular heartbeat, or the feeling that your heart is racing or pounding unusually hard should be evaluated as soon as possible. Serious cardiac complications can progress quickly.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. You cannot maintain basic food or fluid intake. Severe vomiting or diarrhea can make it impossible to eat or drink and may lead to dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. Hospital assessment may be needed so fluids and electrolytes can be replaced appropriately.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Neurologic symptoms. New confusion or drowsiness, weakness or difficulty moving the arms or legs, memory changes, or slurred speech require medical evaluation. These symptoms may have several possible causes, including stroke or brain metastases, and should not be managed at home.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. Gastric Cancer Emergencies\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">a) Bleeding. Tumor-related bleeding can cause major upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, with symptoms such as vomiting blood, black stools, or even low blood pressure and shock. Significant tumor-related bleeding cannot be managed safely at home. Contact your treating team immediately; if they cannot be reached, go to the emergency department of a hospital equipped to provide urgent care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">b) Obstruction. Gastric outlet obstruction is a common form of obstruction in gastric cancer. Food can accumulate in the stomach and may also place pressure on nearby organs. If obstruction is suspected, the source article advises stopping food and fluid intake and going to the hospital for assessment and treatment. Management may include drainage, stent placement, or palliative surgery, depending on the situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">c) Perforation. Gastric cancer can cause gastric perforation, and tumors that have spread within the abdomen may also lead to intestinal perforation. Patients often develop sudden, severe pain. The pain may temporarily ease, but this does not mean the condition is improving; digestive contents may still be leaking into the abdominal cavity and causing ongoing injury. This is an emergency and requires immediate hospital evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Milder side effects — such as mild nausea, diarrhea, constipation, fatigue, or hand-foot syndrome — may often be managed at home according to the care plan provided by your medical team. Keep a record of what happened, when it started, how severe it was, and what you did to manage it, and share that information at your next appointment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>One final message: if you are unsure whether a symptom is important, tell your doctor. Experienced clinicians are rarely concerned that patients ask too many questions; what worries them is hearing “everything was fine” only after a problem has become severe. Good symptom management can help treatment continue more safely and steadily.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">This article is based on the references below and is intended for general education only. Please follow the recommendations of your treating physician for your individual treatment and side-effect management plan.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">References:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[1] Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anticancer Therapy-Related Nausea and Vomiting (2025).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[2] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Fmanaging-cancer\u002Fside-effects\u002Ffatigue-weakness-sleep\u002Ffatigue.html\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[3] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Fmanaging-cancer\u002Fside-effects\u002Fhair-skin-nails\u002Fhand-foot-syndrome.html\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[4] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Fmanaging-cancer\u002Fside-effects\u002Fstool-or-urine-changes\u002Fconstipation.html\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[5] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.org\u002Fcancer\u002Fmanaging-cancer\u002Fside-effects\u002Fstool-or-urine-changes\u002Fdiarrhea.html\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">[6] Zhou C, Deng H, Yang Y, et al. Cancer therapy-related interstitial lung disease. Chinese Medical Journal. 2025;138(3):264-277.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"cover":111,"category":76,"publishedAt":112,"contentHtml":113,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"cd19-car-t-castleman-disease-remission","International Journal Publication | Dr. Yajing Zhang & Prof. Minghui Duan: First Global Report of Durable Treatment-Free Remission in Castleman Disease After CD19 CAR-T Therapy","Dr. Yajing Zhang of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Minghui Duan of Peking Union Medical College Hospital co-authored the first reported case of refractory Castleman disease achieving durable complete remission after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F1e08ba3d982c9ddc6564640fed623b2b.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-10","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: A collaborative study led by Dr. Yajing Zhang of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Minghui Duan of Peking Union Medical College Hospital was published in Hematological Oncology. It is the first systematic report worldwide of a patient with refractory HHV-8-negative idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) achieving complete, treatment-free remission for more than 12 months after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. The patient had lived with the disease for over 12 years and had not achieved durable disease control despite multiple prior treatments, including COP and CHOP. After CAR-T therapy, she experienced only grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), presenting as a low-grade fever, and no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). She was able to return to normal daily life and began planning for pregnancy. Mechanistically, the case provides important clinical evidence supporting a B-cell-centric model of disease in refractory iMCD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare, potentially life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity and complex immune dysregulation. Safe and effective therapies capable of producing durable remission remain limited, making iMCD a particularly challenging immune-mediated rare disease. In recent years, the use of CAR-T cell therapy has expanded beyond B-cell malignancies into immune-mediated diseases, but clinical exploration in rare lymphoproliferative disorders such as iMCD is still at an early stage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, a collaborative study was published in the international journal Hematological Oncology, with Dr. Yajing Zhang of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital as first author, Prof. Minghui Duan of Peking Union Medical College Hospital as corresponding author, and Prof. Lu Zhang of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Dr. Hongsheng Zhang of Fudan University\u002FYake Biotechnology as co-corresponding authors. The study is the first systematic report worldwide of a patient with refractory HHV-8-negative iMCD achieving complete, treatment-free remission lasting more than 12 months after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. It also provides important clinical evidence supporting a “B-cell-centric model” of disease and offers new insights into potential treatment strategies for Castleman disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Overview\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Twelve Years Without Durable Disease Control: A New Treatment Approach for Long-Standing Refractory iMCD\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study reports a 31-year-old woman diagnosed with HHV-8-negative iMCD with the idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (IPL) subtype. Her disease course had lasted more than 12 years. She had previously received multiple lines of therapy, including COP, CHOP, thalidomide, bortezomib, and sirolimus, but none achieved sustained disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fc8f4b008f85e6f3373f28941770684f8_20260914001725.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c8f4b008f85e6f3373f28941770684f8_20260914001725.png\" alt=\"75e73828-0a09-4365-b30a-605d1f7cbdc3.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1. Lymph Node Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">H&E staining showed largely preserved lymph node architecture with the characteristic “onion-skin” appearance caused by concentric expansion of the mantle zones. CD138 immunohistochemistry showed extensive diffuse plasma cell proliferation in the interfollicular areas, consistent with the iMCD-IPL phenotype.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient had persistent systemic inflammation, with markedly elevated CRP, ESR, and IL-6; hypergammaglobulinemia, with IgG peaking at 68.0 g\u002FL; generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly; and recurrent systemic inflammatory symptoms. With standard treatments and anti-IL-6 pathway therapy either providing limited benefit or being unavailable, her disease remained chronically active, suggesting that a more upstream abnormality in immune regulation might be driving the condition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. A Shared Decision: Why CD19 CAR-T?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Years of repeated treatment had failed to bring the disease under lasting control and had taken a major toll on the young woman's work, daily life, and future plans. After carefully reviewing her treatment history and weighing potential benefits and risks, the medical team discussed several possible treatment paths with her.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Options included IL-6-targeted therapy with siltuximab, the current standard treatment for iMCD but one that typically requires ongoing administration; B-cell-depleting therapy with rituximab, which targets B cells but may have limitations in the depth and durability of response; and additional chemotherapy or immunomodulatory regimens, several of which she had already received with limited disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient hoped for an approach that might offer long-term treatment-free remission after a single course of therapy. Given her longstanding inflammatory burden and evidence of abnormal B-cell activation, she and the medical team ultimately made a shared decision to proceed with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. She provided informed consent under clinical study ChiCTR1900025419.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Treatment Course: Robust CAR-T Expansion With a Favorable Safety Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After standard lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), the patient received an infusion of autologous CD19 CAR-T cells at a dose of 1 × 10^6 CAR+ T cells\u002Fkg. She developed grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), consisting only of a low-grade fever, which resolved with supportive care. No ICANS occurred. CAR-T cell expansion peaked on day 11 after infusion, while B-cell depletion persisted from day 7 through day 198. Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or higher adverse events observed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fe7bbe51a3883a2928a66cb32e0d45217_20260914001746.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"e7bbe51a3883a2928a66cb32e0d45217_20260914001746.png\" alt=\"69ba83c0-b322-4354-8e8d-0f8d998a6be9.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure 2. Comprehensive Assessment of Response to CD19 CAR-T Therapy in iMCD\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(A) Body temperature monitoring showed a brief low-grade fever, with a maximum temperature of 38.2°C.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(B-C) Expansion and persistence of CD19 CAR-T cells in peripheral blood, detectable from day 11 through day 58 after infusion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(D) Changes in peripheral blood CD19+ lymphocyte counts before and after treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(E) Serial changes in inflammatory markers, including CRP, ESR, and IL-6, from baseline through post-treatment follow-up.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(F) Changes in hemoglobin levels over time, showing gradual recovery after treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(G) Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, and IgM) at different time points.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Durable Remission and a Return to Life: Disease Control Alongside Improved Quality of Life\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After treatment, the patient showed rapid and sustained systemic improvement. Inflammatory markers, including CRP, ESR, and IL-6, fell quickly and remained within the normal range over time. Her anemia improved substantially, her blood counts gradually recovered, and immunoglobulin levels decreased as expected following CD19-directed B-cell depletion. Her systemic symptoms resolved completely.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At more than 12 months of follow-up, the patient remained in complete remission without further treatment. Just as importantly, sustained disease control translated into a meaningful improvement in her quality of life. She returned to normal work and everyday activities, began making plans for the future again, and is now preparing for pregnancy. After years of chronic inflammation, repeated treatment, and restrictions on daily life, she has regained confidence in what lies ahead.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Mechanistic Insights: From B-Cell Depletion to Restoration of Immune Homeostasis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Serial immune monitoring showed that CD19 CAR-T therapy induced sustained depletion of peripheral B cells, closely paralleling the patient's clinical remission. At the same time, systemic inflammatory markers, including CRP, ESR, and IL-6, fell in a coordinated pattern and approached normal levels, suggesting a broader resetting of the inflammatory cascade toward immune homeostasis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These findings suggest that, in the iMCD-IPL subtype, B cells may be more than downstream participants in inflammation and may play an important role in regulating inflammatory pathways such as IL-6. The observation further supports a B-cell-centric model of disease and suggests that CD19 CAR-T therapy may help restore immune homeostasis by systematically eliminating abnormal B-cell populations, potentially contributing to durable disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Expert Commentary: One Case, One New Possibility\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As CAR-T cell therapy expands from hematologic malignancies into immune dysregulation and rare diseases, mechanism-driven treatment is beginning to reshape how complex immune-mediated disorders are approached. This study represents an important step in exploring CAR-T therapy for rare inflammatory disorders such as Castleman disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Yajing Zhang noted that, from a patient's perspective, the key message from this case is that even when Castleman disease has remained difficult to control for years and repeated treatments have provided limited benefit, it may still be worthwhile to revisit the diagnosis, disease subtype, and underlying mechanisms. For clinicians, the case suggests that future treatment may need to move beyond simply “controlling inflammation” toward identifying the mechanisms driving disease and restoring immune balance. This is one of the most important roles of rare-disease research: learning deeply from an individual patient to uncover new possibilities and advance our understanding of the disease itself. The value of treatment is also not measured only by normalized laboratory results, but by whether a patient can return to work and everyday life, reconnect with family and society, and regain the confidence to plan for the future. For younger patients in particular, being able to return to life, make plans for a family, and look ahead again may be among the most meaningful outcomes treatment can offer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Minghui Duan noted that, for some patients with refractory Castleman disease, the key may be to identify deeper abnormalities within the immune system rather than focusing only on suppressing visible inflammatory manifestations. This suggests that future treatment may need to go beyond blocking inflammatory pathways and explore ways to restore immune balance. CAR-T therapy has shown potential in this setting, but its clinical use still requires rigorous patient assessment, standardized management, and long-term follow-up by experienced teams. For patients with recurrent disease or limited response to conventional therapies, CAR-T may offer an important direction for further exploration. Future clinical practice will need to account for disease subtype and individual patient differences while continuing to refine treatment strategies based on a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms. The change seen in this young patient—from years of repeated treatment to returning to work and daily life—not only reflects durable disease control, but also highlights the potential of precision immunotherapy to improve quality of life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":115,"title":116,"summary":117,"cover":118,"category":65,"publishedAt":112,"contentHtml":119,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"blood-disease-transplant-decision-guide","Do I Really Need a Stem Cell Transplant? A Guide to Transplant Decisions Across Different Blood Disorders","Understand the key differences between autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, how transplant indications and donor selection vary by disease, and where transplantation fits in the CAR-T era.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F564e49916e976e98f1a5ffab751fc057.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This article provides patients with blood disorders and their families with a structured guide to transplant decision-making. It first explains the key differences between autologous transplantation, which uses the patient's own stem cells and does not cause graft-versus-host disease, and allogeneic transplantation, which uses donor cells and can provide a graft-versus-leukemia effect. It then reviews which diseases may be considered for autologous or allogeneic transplantation and outlines a donor-selection hierarchy for allogeneic transplantation, including matched sibling, haploidentical, unrelated, and cord blood donors, based on the source article's summary of CSCO guidance. The article also addresses a common question in the CAR-T era: can CAR-T replace transplantation? Rather than viewing the two approaches as competitors, it explains that CAR-T may allow some patients to avoid transplant while helping others reach a deeper remission before proceeding to transplant. The central message is that transplant decisions should always be individualized.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For many patients with blood disorders and their families, one of the most confusing questions after diagnosis is not simply, "How serious is this disease?" but rather, "Do I actually need a stem cell transplant?"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some people are told that transplant offers the best chance of cure. Others hear that chemotherapy alone may be enough. Some have heard that CAR-T is a newer, potentially safer option that could make transplant unnecessary, while others are so worried about graft-versus-host disease that they hesitate to consider transplant at all. With so many different messages, how do you make sense of the choices?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Start with the Basics: Autologous and Allogeneic Transplants Are Very Different\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before asking whether you need a transplant, it is important to understand that there are two fundamentally different types of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT): the stem cells come from the patient. The patient's own stem cells are collected and frozen in advance, followed by high-dose chemotherapy to eliminate as much residual cancer as possible. The stored stem cells are then infused back into the body. Advantages include no need to find a donor and no risk of graft-versus-host disease. Treatment-related complications are generally fewer than with allogeneic transplantation. However, because there is no donor-derived graft-versus-tumor effect, relapse risk may be higher in some diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT): the stem cells come from a healthy donor, such as a family member or an unrelated volunteer. Donor immune cells can help eliminate residual malignant cells through the graft-versus-leukemia effect, which can lower relapse risk. However, allogeneic transplantation can also cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and may require ongoing immunosuppressive therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The indications for these two transplant approaches are very different, so they should not be treated as interchangeable.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Who May Be Considered for Autologous Transplant, and Who May Need Allogeneic Transplant?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In general, autologous transplantation is more often used for diseases that are sensitive to chemotherapy and can achieve a deep remission. Allogeneic transplantation is more commonly considered for high-risk, relapsed\u002Frefractory disease or situations in which autologous transplantation is unlikely to provide sufficient disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For a quick overview, the source article summarizes common transplant recommendations for different blood disorders in the table below:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F38e8ede4e59a5ec1fb75e0f3cd17796a_20260913222031.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"38e8ede4e59a5ec1fb75e0f3cd17796a_20260913222031.png\" alt=\"3b46014b-9943-4ddc-997f-ae4c5bf7d4fa.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Note: The table is a simplified overview. An individual transplant decision should be made by the treating physician based on the patient's specific clinical situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. How Is a Donor Chosen for Allogeneic Transplantation?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the source article's summary of the 2025 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines, the main donor options for allogeneic transplantation fall into four categories:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F586d822e62f260eb4cb671e526ee4211_20260913222105.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"586d822e62f260eb4cb671e526ee4211_20260913222105.png\" alt=\"25ee316b-75ba-4851-b782-887cd3cdcb5d.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The source article summarizes donor priority as follows:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1) A fully HLA-matched sibling donor is generally preferred. 2) If no suitable matched sibling donor is available, a haploidentical donor may be prioritized, particularly for patients with high-risk relapse or those who need an urgent transplant. 3) Unrelated donors and cord blood donors may serve as alternative options.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Donor selection is always individualized. In practice, the patient's clinical condition, urgency of transplantation, donor characteristics, and other factors all need to be considered together.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The source article notes that haploidentical transplantation is widely used in China and that the 2025 CSCO guidelines prioritize haploidentical transplantation for selected diseases such as high-risk leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. An Important Reminder: Transplant Decisions Are Not Black and White\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A transplant decision is highly individualized and cannot be made by applying a guideline mechanically. The source article cites 2025 guidance from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), emphasizing that several factors should be considered together:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Disease risk: the expected benefit of transplantation can differ substantially across risk groups.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Transplant-related risk: this includes assessment of non-relapse mortality (NRM).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Non-transplant treatment options: these may include evolving targeted therapies, immunotherapies such as CAR-T, and other cellular therapies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Comorbidities and overall fitness: age alone is no longer an absolute cutoff, but organ function, performance status, and other health factors still matter.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Quality of life, patient-reported outcomes, and long-term effects: the goal of treatment is not only to help patients live longer, but also to help them live well.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Timing also matters. The source article notes that transplantation is often considered earlier after a patient reaches complete remission, when disease burden is lower and organ function may be better preserved, potentially reducing transplant-related risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. In the CAR-T Era, Is Transplantation Still Necessary?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This has become one of the most common questions patients ask.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T can be thought of as a "living medicine." T cells are collected from the patient, engineered to recognize a specific target on cancer cells, and then infused back into the body so they can seek out and attack those cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">So can CAR-T replace transplantation? The answer is not simply yes or no. For some patients, CAR-T may reduce the need for transplant. For others, it can create a stronger remission and make transplantation more feasible or more effective.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): according to the source article, autologous transplantation remains a standard consolidation option for patients whose disease is sensitive to chemotherapy. For patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease or those who are not suitable candidates for transplant, CAR-T may be considered as an alternative approach.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For multiple myeloma: CAR-T and autologous transplantation are not necessarily competing strategies. The source article notes that increasing research is exploring how the two may be used in combination - for example, using autologous transplantation to achieve a deep remission and CAR-T to further target residual disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): CAR-T can be highly effective at reducing disease burden and inducing remission, but durable long-term control with CAR-T alone remains an area of ongoing study. For selected high-risk patients, the source article states that bridging to allogeneic transplantation after CAR-T may offer a better chance of long-term disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Put simply, CAR-T and transplantation address different parts of the treatment challenge. CAR-T can help achieve disease control or remission, while transplantation may provide additional long-term protection against relapse in selected patients. Which approach is appropriate depends on the disease type, risk category, treatment response, overall health, and many other factors, and should be decided through shared discussion with the treating team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Final Thoughts\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">"Do I really need a transplant?" There is no single answer that applies to everyone. The right answer depends on the individual patient and disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is not the only treatment path, and not every patient needs one. For some lower-risk leukemias, chemotherapy may be sufficient. For high-risk or relapsed\u002Frefractory disease, allogeneic transplantation may offer an important chance for cure. For some lymphomas, CAR-T may be an alternative to transplant. For selected high-risk ALL patients, CAR-T followed by allogeneic transplantation may offer the best chance of long-term disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients and families facing a transplant decision should have a detailed discussion with their treating physician about disease risk, treatment response, overall health, and the potential benefits and risks of transplantation. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) assessment can help support a more evidence-based and individualized decision.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Please note: This installment of our "100 Questions About Transplantation" series reviews common transplant indications across different blood disorders and the role CAR-T may play. Future articles will continue to address practical questions patients and families often have before, during, and after transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":121,"title":122,"summary":123,"cover":124,"category":65,"publishedAt":112,"contentHtml":125,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"lung-cancer-leptomeningeal-metastasis-recognition","Don't Miss Hidden Spread in Lung Cancer: Recognizing Leptomeningeal Metastasis","Dr. Shuang LI uses a clinical case to explain the subtle symptoms of leptomeningeal metastasis from lung cancer, the diagnostic value of black-blood MRI sequences, and the role of multidisciplinary care.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fb3d44991ccae941d49cd98598e0044b6.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Shuang LI of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, shares key points on recognizing and managing leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from lung cancer. Because symptoms can be subtle and conventional imaging may miss the disease, specialized MRI sequences such as black-blood imaging, together with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, can be important for diagnosis. The hospital has established a multidisciplinary LM team and an integrated pathway covering black-blood MRI, CSF sample management, standardized neurologic assessment, and intrathecal therapy, providing coordinated care for patients with advanced lung cancer involving the central nervous system.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, the wider use of targeted therapies and other newer treatments has helped many patients with advanced lung cancer live longer. Most people are familiar with “brain metastases,” which usually refers to tumors that have spread into the brain tissue itself. As survival has improved, leptomeningeal metastasis is also being detected more often.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">What exactly is leptomeningeal metastasis? In simple terms, it means that cancer cells have spread to the thin membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord - the leptomeninges - and into the subarachnoid space. Some patients may have no visible metastases within the brain tissue itself, yet large numbers of tumor cells can still be found in the cerebrospinal fluid. These cells may attach to and cluster along the surface of the spinal cord, leading to a range of neurologic symptoms.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Subtle Symptoms, Potentially Serious Consequences\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Leptomeningeal metastasis can develop quietly and may be easy to miss. Possible symptoms include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Signs of increased intracranial pressure: persistent nausea, headache, or vomiting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Neurologic symptoms: these vary depending on which nerves or areas of the nervous system are affected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cranial nerve involvement may cause difficulty swallowing or blurred vision.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Involvement of the cauda equina may lead to problems such as loss of bladder or bowel control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why Can Routine Tests Miss It?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is one of the main diagnostic challenges. Conventional CT and routine MRI may not always show leptomeningeal disease clearly. Some patients need specialized MRI sequences to reveal signs of meningeal involvement. The images below illustrate the difference in one case:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F332f4eaebcabf4931779eb227dc698c3_20260913215227.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"332f4eaebcabf4931779eb227dc698c3_20260913215227.png\" alt=\"41362df8-a701-4813-9afc-206aead83800.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Conventional contrast-enhanced MRI mainly shows enhancement of blood vessels within the brain tissue and may not clearly distinguish whether leptomeningeal metastasis is present.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fb1fc2a066ff0e3970cd180ca26cc76a3_20260913215256.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"b1fc2a066ff0e3970cd180ca26cc76a3_20260913215256.png\" alt=\"d727cef1-1ba3-4086-86eb-322de8388cda.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">On a specialized black-blood MRI sequence, the meninges show clear thickening and enhancement, raising suspicion for leptomeningeal metastasis. This illustrates why specialized MRI sequences can be important when LM is suspected.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Example: Lung Adenocarcinoma With Leptomeningeal Metastasis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In November 2025, the patient was admitted after a sudden episode of impaired consciousness. A conventional CT scan showed no acute intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, or obvious space-occupying lesion. During a diagnostic lumbar puncture, the cerebrospinal fluid pressure measured 300 mmH2O, above the usual reference range of approximately 80-180 mmH2O. CSF cytology detected malignant cells, and together with the clinical findings, this supported a diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis. During the course of the illness, the patient had experienced headache, nausea, and vomiting, followed by impaired consciousness as the condition progressed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At follow-up in January 2026, the patient's symptoms had improved significantly. Repeat CSF testing showed that pressure and protein levels had returned to the reference range, and no malignant cells were detected on cytology. Black-blood MRI also showed resolution of the previously abnormal enhancement along the cerebral sulci and gyri, indicating radiographic improvement of the meningeal involvement.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To address common challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis from lung cancer, our hospital has established a dedicated LM multidisciplinary team (LM-MDT), bringing together specialists from radiology, laboratory medicine, oncology, ultrasound, and other disciplines. The team has developed an integrated care pathway covering black-blood MRI, standardized CSF sample management, neurologic assessment, and intrathecal drug administration, while also conducting exploratory clinical studies aimed at improving diagnostic and treatment standards. Through this multidisciplinary model, the team seeks to provide coordinated, full-course care for patients with advanced lung cancer and central nervous system metastases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":127,"title":128,"summary":129,"cover":130,"category":65,"publishedAt":131,"contentHtml":132,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"nkt-lymphoma-full-examination-guide-diagnosis-transplant","A Patient's Guide to NK\u002FT-Cell Lymphoma Testing: What Each Test Is For, From Diagnosis to Transplant","A practical guide to the key tests used at four major stages of NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma care: initial diagnosis, treatment monitoring, complication screening, and pre-transplant evaluation.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fbf3fe0b7c78b81784f166d32d37f759f.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-09","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: The diagnosis and treatment of NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma can involve a long list of tests, which can be confusing for patients and families. This guide explains the main tests used across four stages - initial diagnosis, treatment monitoring, complication screening, and pre-transplant evaluation - including tissue biopsy, immunohistochemistry, EBER in situ hybridization, FISH, next-generation sequencing (NGS), PD-L1 testing, comprehensive bone marrow evaluation, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) liquid biopsy, a seven-parameter functional flow cytometry panel for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), high-resolution HLA typing, and KIR genotyping. It explains what each test is designed to assess, how similar-looking tests differ, and why the results may matter for treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If you are being evaluated for, or have been diagnosed with, NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma, a long list of test orders can feel overwhelming. Many patients and families have the same questions:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Do I really need this test?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>These two tests look similar - are they testing the same thing?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Which results are especially important when doctors are watching for serious complications?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>...\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This guide walks through the major tests used during initial diagnosis, treatment monitoring, complication screening, and preparation for transplantation, with a focus on what each test does and why it may be clinically useful.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Accurate Diagnosis | Understanding the Disease Before Treatment Begins\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnosis is the foundation of treatment. The main goals are to confirm the lymphoma subtype, assess how aggressive it may be, and determine whether the disease has spread beyond the original site.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Tissue Biopsy | The Most Important Source of Diagnostic Evidence\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A sample of the lesion is collected and examined under a microscope. NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma often contains large areas of tissue necrosis, so an inadequate sample can lead to a missed diagnosis. Doctors may therefore recommend image-guided sampling from more than one area or an excisional biopsy to improve the chance of obtaining viable tumor tissue.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Expert Pathology Review | A Second Look at a Difficult Diagnosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma is rare and can be difficult to diagnose. Necrotic tissue may be confused with inflammation or with other types of lymphoma. For challenging cases, our hospital works with Prof. Zifen Gao, an expert in lymphoma pathology, for additional pathology review. A precise diagnosis is an important first step toward choosing the right treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | Identifying the Tumor's Protein Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">IHC uses antibodies to detect proteins expressed by tumor cells and is an important part of confirming the diagnosis:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Typical positive markers: CD2, cytoplasmic CD3epsilon, CD56, TIA-1, granzyme B, and perforin\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Typical negative markers: CD20 and surface CD3\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ki-67, MYC, and CD30 may also be tested to provide additional information that can help guide treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. EBER In Situ Hybridization (EBER-ISH) | Detecting Epstein-Barr Virus in Tumor Cells\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Approximately 90%-100% of NK\u002FT-cell lymphomas are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A positive EBER result strongly supports the diagnosis and is widely regarded as one of the key diagnostic standards.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. FISH | Looking for Chromosomal Abnormalities\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can identify certain chromosomal deletions or amplifications. Examples may include 6q21 deletion, PD-L1 amplification, STAT3 amplification, and TP53 deletion. Not every patient will have these abnormalities. When present, they may contribute to risk assessment, but their absence does not rule out the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. T-Cell Receptor (TCR) Gene Rearrangement Testing | Assessing Clonality\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This test can help distinguish a reactive or inflammatory process from a malignant clonal process. It may be added in diagnostically difficult cases and should always be interpreted together with the pathology findings.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>7. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) | Mapping the Tumor's Genetic Changes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">NGS can screen multiple clinically relevant gene alterations at the same time. These may include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Tumor suppressor gene inactivation: TP53 and DDX3X (frequently mutated and associated with higher-risk disease)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Activation of oncogenic pathways: STAT3 and STAT5B\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Epigenetic alterations: KMT2D, BCOR, and ARID1A\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If an ECSIT V140A variant is detected, clinicians should be particularly alert to the possibility of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>8. PD-L1 (SP263) Testing | Assessing Potential Suitability for Immunotherapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Around 30%-70% of patients may show high PD-L1 expression. Doctors interpret this result together with other factors, such as disease stage and EBV DNA level, before deciding whether immunotherapy may be appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>9. Comprehensive Bone Marrow Evaluation | Checking for Systemic Involvement\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow testing may be recommended for patients with anemia, thrombocytopenia, multiple suspicious lesions, or other high-risk features. The evaluation may include bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Treatment Monitoring | A Dynamic View of Disease Through the Blood\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>ctDNA Liquid Biopsy | Tracking Changes During Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A blood test can measure circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), fragments of tumor-derived DNA released into the bloodstream. Falling levels may suggest that treatment is working, while rising levels may raise concern for disease recurrence. However, ctDNA does not replace a tissue biopsy. If your doctor recommends another biopsy, it remains important to follow that advice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Complication Screening | Watching Closely for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">HLH secondary to NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma is a medical emergency. If persistent high fever, pancytopenia, or enlargement of the liver or spleen occurs, a complete HLH evaluation should be arranged promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Seven-Parameter Functional Flow Cytometry Panel for HLH | Assessing Immune Cell Function\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This panel evaluates NK-cell activity together with CD107a, perforin, granzyme B, MUNC13-4, SAP, and XIAP. It helps assess whether immune-cell killing function is impaired and can support the distinction between primary (genetic) HLH and secondary, tumor-associated HLH.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>10-Cytokine Panel | Measuring the Intensity of Systemic Inflammation\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This panel helps quantify inflammatory activity and can support both HLH diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Important markers may include CXCL9, IFN-gamma, and sCD163. CXCL9 is considered a sensitive marker in NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma-associated HLH.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>EBV-Infected Cell Subset Analysis | Identifying Which Immune Cells Carry the Virus\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This test determines which immune-cell population is predominantly infected by EBV - T cells, B cells, or NK cells. If T\u002FNK cells are mainly involved, the HLH may be more closely related to NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma; if B cells are predominantly involved, doctors may need to consider other possibilities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>NGS Genetic Testing | Distinguishing Primary from Secondary HLH\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Testing for genes associated with primary HLH, such as PRF1 and UNC13D, can help determine whether HLH is inherited or secondary to the lymphoma. This distinction can be important when planning treatment and selecting a stem cell donor.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Pre-Transplant Evaluation | Preparing as Safely as Possible for Stem Cell Transplantation\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients with high-risk, relapsed, or refractory disease, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may be an important potentially curative treatment. Pre-transplant testing focuses on identifying the most suitable donor, reducing the risk of graft rejection, and avoiding the use of a donor who may carry the same inherited disease-causing variant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. High-Resolution HLA Typing | Assessing Donor-Recipient Immune Compatibility\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">HLA molecules help the immune system distinguish self from non-self. In general, closer HLA matching is associated with a lower risk of immune incompatibility. Testing commonly includes six key loci: HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, and -DPB1.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. KIR Genotyping | Evaluating Donor NK-Cell Characteristics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">KIR genotyping examines regulatory genes on donor NK cells and may provide additional information about the donor's potential antitumor immune activity, helping clinicians optimize donor selection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Donor-Specific Antibody (DSA) Testing | Identifying Risk of Graft Rejection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This test checks whether the patient has antibodies directed against the donor's HLA. A positive result can substantially increase the risk of graft rejection or engraftment failure, and may require treatment before transplant or selection of a different donor. Because DSA levels can change over time, the test should be repeated within four weeks before transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Whole-Exome Sequencing for Inherited Predisposition | Screening Patient and Donor for Germline Risk\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Testing both the patient and potential donor has two main goals:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Screen for disease-causing inherited variants associated with conditions such as HLH, helping avoid selection of a donor who carries the same pathogenic variant and could potentially recreate the same inherited immune defect after transplant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Assess potential long-term prognostic risks.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Precision Treatment Starts with an Accurate Diagnosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">Understand why each test has been ordered\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">Know what each result may contribute to your care\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">Stay in close communication with your treating team and complete recommended testing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With clear information, appropriate testing, and regular follow-up, patients and families can move through each stage of treatment with greater confidence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">This article is for general educational purposes only. The tests and treatment plan that are appropriate for you should be determined by your treating physician.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":134,"title":135,"summary":136,"cover":137,"category":76,"publishedAt":138,"contentHtml":139,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"from-drug-availability-to-accessibility-blood-cancer","From Approval to Access: Recent Developments Patients with Blood Cancers and Solid Tumors Should Know About","Since June 2026, several developments have moved new treatments closer to patients — including approval of the world's first CAR-T therapy for a solid tumor, the launch of China's annual reimbursement-list review, real-world access to a BCMA-targeted ADC, and new progress in an original CD5 CAR-T program.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F40719faae769dbec8068e252d941e170.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-07-06","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This article highlights several major developments in hematology and oncology in China since June 2026. The world's first CAR-T product for a solid tumor was approved for CLDN18.2-positive advanced gastric cancer; China's National Healthcare Security Administration launched its annual reimbursement-list adjustment, opening the application pathway for a number of innovative anticancer drugs; the first in-hospital prescription in China of belantamab mafodotin provided another treatment option for relapsed\u002Frefractory multiple myeloma; Dr. Jing Pan's team presented new data on a nanobody-based dual-epitope CD5 CAR-T approach at the EHA Congress; and several GoBroad hospitals expanded access to approved CAR-T products. Together, these changes reflect a broader shift from having innovative therapies available in principle to making them more accessible in clinical practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For many people living with blood cancers or solid tumors, every newly approved drug, research breakthrough, or additional treatment option can represent another reason for hope.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Since June 2026, a number of developments in hematology and oncology in China have drawn particular attention: innovative drugs have received regulatory approval, advanced therapies have moved into real-world clinical use, original research has been presented internationally, and more specialized medical resources have become available to patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Below, we highlight several updates that may matter to patients and families — and explain what these changes could mean in practical terms.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>The World's First CAR-T Therapy for a Solid Tumor Is Approved\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In June 2026, China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approved a CLDN18.2-targeted CAR-T product for patients with CLDN18.2-positive advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This became the world's first approved CAR-T therapy for a solid tumor. Until now, CAR-T has been used mainly in hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The approval marks an important step in extending cell therapy beyond blood cancers into solid tumors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For some patients with gastric cancer whose disease has progressed after multiple lines of treatment, this may provide an additional treatment option. Beijing GoBroad Hospital can now evaluate and treat eligible patients in accordance with the nationally approved indication. (Sources: National Medical Products Administration [NMPA]; Beijing GoBroad Hospital)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Annual Reimbursement-List Review Begins, Bringing Innovative Drugs One Step Closer to Patients\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In June, China's National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) formally launched the 2026 adjustment of the National Reimbursement Drug List, with a number of innovative anticancer medicines entering the application process.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For many patients, an innovative drug may represent a new treatment possibility — but high out-of-pocket costs can also make long-term treatment difficult to continue.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">One of the most important goals of the reimbursement-list adjustment is to give clinically valuable new medicines a pathway to national reimbursement negotiations, which may help reduce the financial burden of sustained treatment for patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The final negotiation results have not yet been announced. Even so, the start of the review means that a number of innovative medicines have moved one step closer to becoming more affordable and more sustainable for long-term use. (Source: National Healthcare Security Administration [NHSA])\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>BCMA-Targeted ADC Enters Real-World Use, Adding Another Option for Multiple Myeloma\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory multiple myeloma, treatment is often a long journey involving one therapy after another. As the number of prior treatment lines increases, the disease may continue to relapse or progress while available options become more limited.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On June 26, 2026, Dr. Yajing Zhang and her team at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital issued China's first in-hospital prescription of belantamab mafodotin for a patient with relapsed\u002Frefractory multiple myeloma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Belantamab mafodotin is a BCMA-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). It recognizes BCMA on the surface of myeloma cells and delivers its cytotoxic payload into the tumor cell. Unlike CAR-T therapy, it does not require collection, ex vivo manufacturing, and reinfusion of a patient's or donor's T cells, offering a different treatment pathway for selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Zhang also emphasized that a newly available drug is not automatically suitable for every patient. Eye examinations are needed before treatment, and the cornea, vision, platelet count, infection risk, and other safety parameters require close monitoring during therapy. Careful, standardized management is essential to balance efficacy and safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients whose myeloma has relapsed after multiple lines of treatment — including some who have already received CAR-T — the arrival of this therapy means not simply “one more drug,” but another option within an increasingly complex treatment pathway. (Source: Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>China-Developed CAR-T Research Opens a New Investigational Direction for Relapsed\u002FRefractory T-ALL\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the 2026 European Hematology Association (EHA) Congress, the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, together with Dr. Jing Pan's team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital, presented new findings from an original nanobody-based, dual-epitope NbCD5 CAR-T program building on earlier research published in Nature Medicine.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Clinical data showed that the new dual-epitope CD5 CAR-T cells reached peak expansion earlier in vivo and were associated with a shorter duration of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). In long-term follow-up, no additional deaths due to severe infection were reported.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The importance of this work lies in its attempt to address a long-standing safety challenge in CAR-T therapy for T-cell malignancies: how to preserve antitumor activity while reducing the risk of serious infections and other complications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study reflects how China-based research teams are developing new solutions around real clinical challenges and may offer another investigational direction for patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory T-ALL in the future. (Source: Hematology News)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>From “CAR-T Is Available” to “CAR-T Is Delivered as Standardized Care”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T cell therapy has become an important treatment option for relapsed\u002Frefractory hematologic malignancies. As more products receive regulatory approval, clinical pathways become more standardized, and supportive policies continue to develop, CAR-T is gradually moving from a frontier technology into broader routine clinical practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology completed the required institutional filing for six NMPA-approved CAR-T products, covering established targets including CD19 and BCMA and supporting treatment across several relapsed\u002Frefractory hematologic malignancies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F54d0e0a9ead53ce89a5a56bb6ca8d2fd_20260914001409.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"54d0e0a9ead53ce89a5a56bb6ca8d2fd_20260914001409.png\" alt=\"03da12ad-face-49c2-b876-942eaa9bc1e4.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital have also introduced multiple approved CAR-T products into clinical practice, providing standardized treatment services for patients who meet the approved indications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fc1e1aef07d5db2a9559ea7cfdb868991_20260914001421.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c1e1aef07d5db2a9559ea7cfdb868991_20260914001421.png\" alt=\"c9407201-9ccf-4a7b-b186-bcc877ae0e5d.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T treatment is much more than a single cell infusion. It is a full-course process that includes indication assessment, bridging therapy when needed, cell collection and infusion, monitoring and management of complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and long-term follow-up and infection management. Each step can affect the final treatment outcome.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, GoBroad hospitals have continued to strengthen their full-course CAR-T management systems. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, they aim to provide patients with more standardized and safer support throughout treatment. (Sources: GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology; GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>More Oncology Specialists Join Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Alongside new drugs and technologies, access to experienced specialists can also make a meaningful difference for patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, colorectal cancer specialist Professor Xinxiang Li and his team joined Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University. Their work will focus on colorectal cancer specialty development, clinical care, and clinical research, helping provide patients with more standardized and continuous specialist services.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Thoracic surgery specialist Professor Qun Wang has also joined Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, further strengthening the hospital's thoracic oncology program and expanding access to specialized, individualized care for patients with thoracic tumors. (Source: Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Every newly approved medicine, original research program, specialist appointment, and improvement in the care system helps move treatment forward.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These developments may not immediately change every patient's current treatment plan. But over time, they can broaden the range of available options, improve the quality and continuity of care, and create more possibilities for what comes next.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">It is important to remember that every new drug and new technology has specific approved indications and eligibility criteria. Whether a treatment is appropriate should be assessed by a specialist based on the disease type and stage, previous treatments, overall health, and relevant test results.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">We will continue to follow new drugs, technologies, and research developments in hematology and oncology and share the updates that may matter most to patients and families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":141,"title":142,"summary":143,"cover":144,"category":65,"publishedAt":145,"contentHtml":146,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-therapy-balance-art-experience","Why Does CAR-T Treatment Require Experience? The Art of Finding the Right Balance","Dr. Su LI of GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital explains why CAR-T treatment requires a careful balance between cell expansion and treatment-related risks, and why clinical experience matters throughout the entire treatment journey.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fdad97005d8188b291c2743a9c177a634.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-30","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Drawing on extensive clinical experience, Dr. Su LI, Director of the Department of Hematology at GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital, explains how CAR-T therapy works, how cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is assessed and managed, and how combination strategies may be used for high-risk patients. CAR-T treatment requires a delicate balance: insufficient expansion may limit efficacy, while excessive activation can increase the risk of serious adverse events. Through real-world cases, the article shows how experienced teams can adjust treatment in complex situations involving high-risk disease, older patients, and extramedullary lesions, with the goal of achieving deep responses while maintaining safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has created new treatment possibilities for many patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. But with this advanced treatment, sometimes described as a "living drug," success depends on much more than the day of cell infusion. It also relies on the medical team's ability to assess risk, monitor changes, manage complications, and make timely adjustments throughout the treatment process.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At a recent patient education session, Dr. Su LI, Director of the Department of Hematology and the Myeloma Center at GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital, used real clinical cases to explain some of the complex science behind CAR-T therapy in a clear and practical way, helping patients and families understand why experience matters.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. What Is CAR-T Therapy?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T is a form of cellular immunotherapy that uses genetic engineering to modify a patient's own T cells so they can recognize and attack specific tumor targets. In simple terms, the process has three main steps. First, T cells are collected from the patient. These immune cells are part of the body's natural defense system. Next, the cells are modified in the laboratory to express a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, which helps them recognize a specific target on tumor cells. Finally, the engineered CAR-T cells are infused back into the patient, where they can expand, identify target-bearing tumor cells, and help eliminate them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Why Is CAR-T Treatment an Art of Balance?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Li explains that CAR-T treatment involves a delicate balance between efficacy and risk. Ideally, the infused cells expand enough in the body to control the tumor, but not so aggressively that they trigger severe treatment-related toxicity. Managing that balance is one of the areas where an experienced clinical team can make a major difference.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If CAR-T cells do not expand sufficiently, the antitumor effect may be limited. In this situation, the team may consider timely treatment adjustments to support a better response. On the other hand, excessive immune activation can lead to serious adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity. Early recognition of warning signs, accurate grading, and timely intervention are therefore essential to patient safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. How Is Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Managed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CRS is one of the most common adverse reactions associated with CAR-T therapy. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and other systemic effects. Some cases are mild, but severe CRS can become life-threatening if it is not recognized and treated promptly. To manage this risk, the team at GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital uses a structured, stepwise approach across the treatment course:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Clinical understanding: Using accumulated clinical experience to recognize how CRS may develop and progress;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Early detection: Closely monitoring for subtle changes in symptoms and vital signs so warning signals can be identified as early as possible;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Accurate grading: Assessing severity using internationally recognized criteria together with clinical judgment to guide the next treatment decision;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Timely intervention: Providing individualized treatment and adjusting the approach dynamically to help patients move through the high-risk period as safely as possible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. High-Risk Patients Require Even More Clinical Experience\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with a high tumor burden or central nervous system involvement may face additional challenges during CAR-T therapy. In these more complex situations, experience matters at every stage: anticipating potential risks before treatment, preparing contingency plans, and responding quickly when unexpected problems arise. This overall clinical capability can help improve treatment benefit while protecting patient safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Breaking Through a Treatment Challenge: Extramedullary Relapse and Combination Therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some patients with multiple myeloma develop extramedullary disease, meaning tumor deposits appear outside the bone marrow. In these cases, CAR-T therapy alone may not always provide sufficient control, and combination strategies may be considered. At GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital, individualized approaches for extramedullary disease may include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T combined with radiotherapy to target localized extramedullary lesions;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, using complementary treatment approaches to deepen the overall response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>A Strong Start: Paying Close Attention to Cell Collection Quality\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The starting material for CAR-T therapy is the patient's own T cells. Their number and functional quality can affect the manufacturing process and treatment outcome. For patients with relapsed or refractory disease, previous therapies may have reduced lymphocyte counts, making cell collection more challenging.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With extensive experience in cell collection, the Liquan team focuses on choosing the right collection window, making adjustments in advance when needed, and following standardized quality-control procedures to build a strong foundation for treatment from the very beginning.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Clinical Practice: Managing Complex Cases and Using Combination Strategies\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Through several representative cases, Dr. Li illustrated how the team manages difficult situations involving high-risk disease, extramedullary involvement, and older patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When CAR-T cell expansion is insufficient or immune activation becomes excessive, close monitoring and flexible treatment adjustments may help patients move past these treatment challenges. For patients with large, high-risk extramedullary masses, carefully selected combination therapy can help control local disease. The team has also treated a 73-year-old patient with multiple underlying health conditions who achieved a deep response with acceptable treatment tolerance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These cases highlight that CAR-T outcomes depend not only on the cell product itself, but also on how the entire treatment course is managed: anticipating risks, intervening at the right time, and understanding the differences between individual patients. This combination of clinical judgment and multidisciplinary care can help extend CAR-T treatment to some patients who may previously have been considered especially difficult to treat because of age, disease burden, or other risk factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>CAR-T treatment is not a single event. It brings together advanced technology and day-to-day clinical decision-making. As Dr. Li emphasizes, an experienced team is important for finding the right balance between efficacy and safety, with the goal of helping each patient achieve the best possible and most durable treatment outcome.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":148,"title":149,"summary":150,"cover":151,"category":65,"publishedAt":152,"contentHtml":153,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"drug-eluting-microsphere-embolization-therapy","A Precision, Minimally Invasive Approach to Cancer: Drug-Eluting Microsphere Embolization","Drug-eluting microsphere embolization combines blockage of the tumor blood supply with sustained local drug release, offering a minimally invasive treatment option for selected patients with advanced, metastatic solid tumors who may have limited tolerance for intensive systemic therapy.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F510d4c1067eeca5ae2aae2597180c6ed.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-26","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This article introduces drug-eluting microsphere embolization, a minimally invasive treatment approach used in selected advanced solid tumors. Through a fine catheter, drug-loaded microspheres are delivered into arteries supplying the tumor. The treatment combines two mechanisms: embolization to reduce the tumor blood supply and sustained local release of chemotherapy, which can continue within the treated area for more than one month. Using a clinical case as an example, the article compares this approach with conventional systemic chemotherapy in terms of systemic side effects, duration of local tumor control, and procedural burden, and discusses its potential role for patients whose disease has progressed after multiple lines of treatment and whose overall condition makes more intensive therapy difficult.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many patients with advanced solid tumors face increasingly difficult treatment decisions, especially when the cancer has spread to multiple sites, has continued to progress after several rounds of chemotherapy or interventional treatment, and the body is becoming less able to tolerate further intensive therapy. Systemic chemotherapy may cause substantial side effects, conventional interventional approaches may provide limited control, and surgery may no longer be feasible. For highly proliferative tumors that are prone to progression, one important clinical goal is to find treatments that can target the disease more precisely while minimizing additional physical burden. This article uses a real clinical case to explain a minimally invasive option for selected advanced solid tumors: drug-eluting microsphere embolization.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Drug-Eluting Microsphere Embolization Works\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Drug-eluting microsphere embolization is a catheter-based, minimally invasive treatment that does not require open surgery. Through a puncture site, a fine catheter is guided into the arteries supplying the tumor, where large numbers of drug-loaded polymer microspheres are delivered. These microspheres work through two complementary mechanisms. First, embolization reduces the tumor blood supply by blocking small vessels that feed the lesion, limiting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and helping suppress tumor growth. Second, the microspheres remain within the treated area and gradually release chemotherapy over time, creating a high local drug concentration while reducing systemic exposure compared with conventional intravenous chemotherapy. This approach is particularly relevant to selected hypervascular solid tumors and may also be considered in some patients whose disease has progressed after standard treatment or who have limited tolerance for further intensive systemic therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Clinical Case: Treatment Challenges and the Potential Role of Drug-Eluting Microsphere Embolization\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient in this case had a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with multiple liver metastases. The Ki-67 index - an immunohistochemical marker used to estimate how actively tumor cells are proliferating - was 35%, indicating a highly proliferative tumor with a substantial risk of progression. The patient had a long treatment history and limited benefit from conventional approaches, including biopsy of a liver lesion, conventional transarterial intervention, first-line CAPTEM chemotherapy, and 12 cycles of second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy. Disease control remained unstable, fluctuating between stable disease and partial response. In 2026, the disease continued to worsen, with new peritoneal metastases, abdominopelvic fluid accumulation, suspected bone metastases, and tumor thrombus involving the portal and splenic veins. Despite two further vascular interventional procedures and intraperitoneal cisplatin, the patient continued to experience poor appetite, weight loss, and declining overall condition. Against this background, drug-eluting microsphere embolization was considered as a way to address some of the limitations of previous treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>01 Reducing Systemic Treatment Burden in a Patient with Limited Physical Reserve\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient had already received multiple cycles of first- and second-line systemic chemotherapy. Prolonged systemic treatment had been accompanied by poor appetite, weight loss, and deterioration in overall condition. Because conventional chemotherapy circulates throughout the body rather than remaining confined to the tumor, it can affect normal tissues as well as cancer cells and may cause adverse effects such as nausea, fatigue, and further physical depletion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With drug-eluting microsphere embolization, chemotherapy is delivered primarily to the local tumor area, such as liver metastases, while systemic exposure may be lower than with conventional intravenous chemotherapy. For selected patients, this may help reduce the overall treatment burden and preserve physical function and quality of life. The degree of benefit and toxicity still depends on the individual patient, the drug used, the treated area, and the overall treatment plan.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>02 Sustained Local Drug Release for More Durable Tumor Control\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this case, previous chemotherapy and conventional interventional treatment had not provided stable, lasting disease control. The source article attributes part of this challenge to the relatively limited duration of effect from earlier treatments: systemically administered chemotherapy is metabolized over time, while conventional embolization may provide only temporary interruption of the tumor blood supply. In a highly proliferative tumor, residual cancer cells may then continue to grow, contributing to repeated progression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Drug-eluting microspheres can continue releasing chemotherapy within the treated lesion for more than one month, providing sustained local drug exposure. The goal is to maintain pressure on highly active tumor cells for a longer period and improve the stability of local disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>03 Minimally Invasive and Potentially Repeatable\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient had already undergone multiple interventional procedures, chemotherapy, and intraperitoneal treatment and had limited tolerance for major surgery or highly intensive systemic therapy. Drug-eluting microsphere embolization is performed through a small puncture site, typically under local anesthesia. Recovery may be relatively quick, and some patients are able to get out of bed the following day, with a comparatively short hospital stay.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The procedure may also be repeated when clinically appropriate. For a patient with multiple liver metastases and tumor thrombus, staged or repeated minimally invasive treatment may provide another way to manage local disease over time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>04 A Potential Option for Selected Complex Metastatic Disease\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The main disease burden in this case was multiple liver metastases, which were described as hypervascular lesions. This type of tumor can be suitable for arterial embolization-based treatment in selected patients. Age, overall fitness, prior treatment exposure, disease distribution, liver function, vascular anatomy, and other clinical factors still need to be assessed carefully before treatment. For this patient, the treating team considered drug-eluting microsphere embolization a potential option because of the extensive metastatic disease, reduced physical reserve, and limited benefit from previous treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>For this patient with a highly proliferative pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, multiple metastases, progression after several lines of therapy, and declining physical condition, drug-eluting microsphere embolization was considered one of the treatment options that best matched the clinical situation. The approach combines arterial embolization with sustained local chemotherapy, with the aim of reducing tumor blood supply while maintaining a longer local drug effect. In an appropriately selected patient, this may help limit systemic treatment burden while supporting control of liver metastases and other target lesions. As with any interventional cancer treatment, expected benefits, risks, and treatment goals should be assessed individually by a multidisciplinary team.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Advanced and metastatic cancer can be difficult to treat, but the range of minimally invasive interventional options continues to expand. For some patients whose disease has progressed after multiple lines of therapy or who have limited tolerance for further intensive treatment, carefully selected local therapies may offer another way to control disease and maintain quality of life. The most appropriate treatment should always be based on the tumor type, disease extent, previous treatment, organ function, and the patient's overall condition.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Patient Education Note:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">This article is intended for general medical and health education only. It does not constitute medical advice, a guarantee of treatment effectiveness, or a recommendation to seek care at any specific institution. Cancer treatment is highly individualized. Tumor type, stage, overall health, organ function, and previous treatment history can all affect treatment decisions. Any treatment plan should be developed by qualified specialists after a comprehensive evaluation. Patients should not use this article to self-diagnose or choose a treatment without professional medical advice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":155,"title":156,"summary":157,"cover":158,"category":159,"publishedAt":160,"contentHtml":161,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"unrelated-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplant-milestone","Seeds of Life, 100 New Beginnings: GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin & Liquan Hospitals Reach 100 Unrelated HSCTs","GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital have completed their 100th unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant, marking a milestone made possible by volunteer donors from the China Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) and the dedication of multidisciplinary transplant teams.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ff3bfba60a1761d230fb90db11b14391e.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","Charitable Activities","2026-06-18","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: In June 2026, GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital completed their 100th unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Both are designated transplant hospitals within the China Marrow Donor Program (CMDP). Led by Dr. Chun WANG, the hospitals have completed more than 900 hematopoietic stem cell transplants over the past six years. This article explains the carefully coordinated process of an unrelated-donor search, from HLA matching and donor confirmation to stem cell collection, transport, infusion, and follow-up. It also highlights why unrelated donors can be especially important when a suitable family donor is unavailable. To date, 80 healthcare professionals from the hospitals have also registered with the CMDP as potential donors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F6201ab4936b30cf972e381078214792b_20260913225147.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6201ab4936b30cf972e381078214792b_20260913225147.png\" alt=\"2f75d018-4d41-44bc-aa61-2dbc9956b4f9.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">What can a one-in-100,000 chance mean? Somewhere among millions of people, two strangers can become connected by a single bag of hematopoietic stem cells - a true "seed of life."\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In June 2026, in the transplant ward at GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital, hematopoietic stem cells carrying the hope of a new beginning were infused into a patient with severe aplastic anemia. The cells came from an unrelated donor she had never met. After a full matching process coordinated through the China Marrow Donor Program (CMDP), the donation traveled across the country and finally reached her bedside, bringing a new possibility for recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This was the hospitals' 100th unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From the first case to the 100th, and from 355 donor searches to 100 successful infusions, every number represents far more than a clinical milestone. Behind it are volunteer donors, coordinators, clinicians, nurses, laboratory professionals, and many others working together to give patients another chance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital are comprehensive hospitals with a strong focus on hematologic diseases, and both are designated hematopoietic stem cell collection and transplant hospitals within the China Marrow Donor Program. Over the past six years, the transplant program has been led by Dr. Chun WANG, former Director of the Department of Hematology at Shanghai General Hospital. Together with a core multidisciplinary team with extensive tertiary-hospital experience, the hospitals have made hematopoietic stem cell transplantation a key part of care for complex and high-risk blood disorders. To date, they have completed more than 900 hematopoietic stem cell transplants, including unrelated-donor procedures, across a wide range of complex hematologic conditions. The hospitals have also developed an integrated care system spanning transplantation, cellular therapy, post-transplant management, multidisciplinary care, and specialized nursing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Within those more than 900 transplants, the 100th unrelated-donor transplant marks a particularly meaningful milestone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>01 What Is an Unrelated Donor Search? A Carefully Coordinated Path from Match to Transplant\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An unrelated donor search is a tightly coordinated process involving authorized transplant hospitals and the China Marrow Donor Program. Hospitals that participate in the CMDP network must meet defined qualification requirements and have dedicated coordinators who stay in close contact with the registry. The process can include searching for a potential unrelated donor, confirming HLA compatibility, coordinating stem cell collection, arranging safe transport to the transplant center, completing the transplant, and supporting long-term follow-up. Each step depends on careful communication, timing, and quality control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Finding a fully HLA-matched unrelated donor can still be challenging because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types are highly diverse. The source article cites the chance of finding a fully matched unrelated donor as approximately one in 100,000. For a patient and donor who have never met, that rare match can create a life-changing connection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fbdd00fbd2e0ed0d195b592543d500245_20260913225228.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"bdd00fbd2e0ed0d195b592543d500245_20260913225228.png\" alt=\"8f53124a-47c9-4846-8c55-4b8cee435c0e.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> \u003Cstrong style=\"text-align: center;\">02 When a Family Donor Is Not Available, an Unrelated Donor May Open Another Path\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Finding a suitable donor has long been one of the biggest challenges in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, advances in haploidentical transplantation mean that donor options are no longer limited to fully matched relatives. However, some patients still cannot use a family donor - for example, an only child without siblings, or a family in which inherited genetic abnormalities make a related donor unsuitable. In these situations, an unrelated donor may become an especially important, and sometimes the only feasible, transplant option.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The China Marrow Donor Program continues to expand. The source article reports a registry of more than 3.78 million potential donors. Each person who registers creates another possibility for a patient in need. Combined with advances in modern transplantation, unrelated-donor transplantation can offer an important treatment pathway for patients who otherwise have limited donor options.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>03 Beyond Clinical Care: A Commitment to Donation and Social Responsibility\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Since their establishment, GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital have incorporated social responsibility into their medical mission. The hospitals regularly organize voluntary blood-donation activities and hematopoietic stem cell donor-registration drives.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To date, 80 healthcare professionals from the hospitals have provided blood samples and formally registered with the China Marrow Donor Program as potential donors. In May 2023, a hematologist from GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital went one step further and donated hematopoietic stem cells to a patient they had never met. This act of generosity reflects GoBroad's patient-centered philosophy: "The Needs of the Patient Come First."\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F5bb39f4026fb04f8c7eab7007d95f1d3_20260913225301.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"5bb39f4026fb04f8c7eab7007d95f1d3_20260913225301.png\" alt=\"307b9bf7-1821-4ee0-b839-e4e55d74172e.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>The 100th Transplant Is a Milestone - and a New Starting Point\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F13960260031af286bbe13afbce8fcf5f_20260913225338.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"13960260031af286bbe13afbce8fcf5f_20260913225338.png\" alt=\"341e064a-a2d9-4ed5-bfe8-1e8de0b5cbff.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Reaching 100 unrelated-donor transplants would not have been possible without close coordination at every stage. We extend our sincere appreciation to the professionals of the China Marrow Donor Program, every volunteer unrelated donor, and all those involved in transport, coordination, laboratory testing, nursing, and other behind-the-scenes work. Every contribution has helped make transplantation possible for patients and families facing serious blood disorders.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As they move forward from this 100-case milestone, GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital will continue to work closely with the China Marrow Donor Program and partners across the community. Guided by the principle that "The Needs of the Patient Come First," the hospitals will continue strengthening transplant care while bringing compassionate support to more patients with hematologic diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From the first unrelated-donor transplant to the 100th, and from zero to more than 900 hematopoietic stem cell transplants overall, GoBroad Shanghai Zhaxin Hospital and GoBroad Shanghai Liquan Hospital continue to build experience in caring for patients with complex blood disorders - combining clinical expertise with long-term, patient-centered care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":163,"title":164,"summary":165,"cover":166,"category":65,"publishedAt":167,"contentHtml":168,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"autologous-stem-cell-collection-faq-guide","What Should You Know Before Autologous Stem Cell Collection? 21 Questions Patients Ask Most Often","This Q&A walks patients through the full autologous stem cell collection process and answers 21 common questions about mobilization injections, the collection procedure, recovery afterward, and special situations in which collection may need to be delayed or adjusted.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F099e0153a4bd3e3946a5a1dd6109343d.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-16","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Designed for patients and families preparing for autologous stem cell transplantation, this article answers 21 frequently asked questions in a practical Q&A format. Topics include managing side effects from stem cell mobilization with G-CSF, diet and daily routine during mobilization, what to expect during the 3-5-hour peripheral blood stem cell collection procedure, how tingling in the hands or feet is managed, how collected stem cells are cryopreserved and how long they can be stored, and how collection plans may be adjusted for older adults, patients with low body weight, impaired kidney function, and other special circumstances. The goal is to help patients understand each step and feel more prepared for treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients and families preparing for autologous stem cell transplantation often have many questions about stem cell collection: Why is it needed? What happens during the procedure? Will it affect the body?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous stem cell collection is a well-established and generally safe procedure. To help patients feel more prepared, we have put together answers to 21 questions that come up most often, covering mobilization injections, the collection process, recovery afterward, and special considerations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Common Questions About Autologous Stem Cell Collection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q1: What is autologous stem cell collection, and why are my own stem cells collected?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous collection means collecting healthy hematopoietic stem cells from your own blood in advance and storing them at very low temperatures. After high-dose chemotherapy or conditioning treatment, the stem cells are infused back into your body to help the bone marrow restore blood cell production more quickly and reduce the risk of severe bone marrow suppression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">It is commonly used for patients with lymphoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, and some high-risk or refractory solid tumors when autologous transplantation is part of the treatment plan.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q2: Stem cells normally stay in the bone marrow. How are they collected?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before collection, your doctor will first mobilize the stem cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is usually given by subcutaneous injection for 3-5 days to encourage stem cells to move from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood. Your blood counts and peripheral blood CD34+ cell level will be monitored regularly. Collection can begin once the target level is reached.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q3: Are stem cells collected only through the bloodstream? Do I need a bone marrow harvest?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Peripheral blood collection using an apheresis machine is now generally preferred. Blood circulates through the machine outside the body, the stem cells are separated out, and the remaining blood components are returned to you. A bone marrow harvest under general anesthesia is not routinely needed. If your peripheral veins are not suitable, a central venous catheter may be placed for collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F5a2dd78b0791e5b75faea6a29391ccf9_20260913074426.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"5a2dd78b0791e5b75faea6a29391ccf9_20260913074426.png\" alt=\"df0bd53d-b695-453d-b009-2ad642b77da1.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q4: What symptoms can mobilization injections cause? Are the side effects serious?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common reactions include aching or bone pain in the lower back, pelvis, arms, or legs, fatigue, and a mild fever - often similar to flu-like symptoms. These effects are usually temporary and often resolve within 2-3 days after the medication is stopped. Pain relief can be used if needed. According to the article, mobilization does not cause permanent organ damage or affect fertility. A small number of patients may also experience mild fatigue or reduced appetite.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q5: What should I pay attention to with diet and daily routine during mobilization?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Stay well hydrated, avoid staying up late, avoid strenuous exercise, and eat enough protein. The article recommends drinking more than 2,000 mL of fluids a day and choosing protein-rich foods such as eggs, lean meat, and milk, while keeping meals relatively light and avoiding very greasy or spicy foods. Try to get adequate sleep and avoid vigorous activity or injuries that could lead to bleeding. You do not need to fast.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q6: What if not enough stem cells are released after mobilization?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the peripheral blood CD34+ cell count remains low, your doctor may add plerixafor to support mobilization and repeat the assessment 1-2 days later before collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q7: How long does one autologous stem cell collection session take?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A single collection usually takes about 3-5 hours. You will remain lying down while blood is drawn through an arm vein or femoral vein and processed automatically by the apheresis machine. Most patients reach the target stem cell dose after one or two collection sessions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q8: Can stem cell collection cause major bleeding?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After the apheresis machine separates the stem cells, the remaining red blood cells and plasma are returned to your body. The procedure itself does not remove large amounts of blood and is not expected to cause anemia or major bleeding. The basic principle is similar to other forms of extracorporeal blood processing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q9: Why do my hands, feet, or lips sometimes tingle during collection? What can be done?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The anticoagulant citrate used during collection can temporarily lower the calcium level in the blood, causing tingling or numbness around the lips, hands, or feet. Oral calcium taken in small amounts or intravenous calcium can usually relieve the symptoms quickly, and they generally resolve after collection ends.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q10: What if my veins are difficult to access?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the veins in both arms are not suitable, a central venous catheter may be placed in the internal jugular or subclavian vein before collection. In some cases, radial artery access may be established. These access routes allow blood to flow to and from the collection circuit and can reduce the need for repeated needle sticks.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q11: Is stem cell collection painful?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The experience can feel different at three stages:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Needle insertion: There is usually only a brief sting when the IV needle is inserted, similar to a routine blood draw or infusion. Local anesthetic is used when a central venous catheter is placed. For patients who cannot cooperate with the procedure, intravenous analgesia or anesthesia may be considered.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. During the 3-5-hour machine collection: You mainly need to remain lying down, and there is usually no significant pain. Tingling in the hands, feet, or lips may occur because citrate can temporarily lower calcium levels; this usually improves quickly with calcium replacement and is not considered pain.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Bone pain from mobilization is not the same as pain from collection. G-CSF injections may cause aching in the lower back or bones during the mobilization phase, but for many patients this has already eased by the day of collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F2127a2d0a23be7df3d28302853848cfd_20260913074454.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"2127a2d0a23be7df3d28302853848cfd_20260913074454.png\" alt=\"4d726d1e-568e-46d1-b357-b75ddcfeb591.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q12: Do I need to fast on the day of collection? When can I eat or drink?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">No fasting is required. You can eat your usual meals and drink fluids in moderation, while avoiding very heavy or greasy food. Small amounts of water and light snacks may be taken during collection. It is also helpful to empty your bladder before the procedure begins.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q13: How long does it take to recover after stem cell collection?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone pain related to mobilization usually improves within 1-3 days, while fatigue often gets better gradually over 3-7 days. Blood counts generally return to baseline in about a week. The collection does not permanently damage the bone marrow's ability to make blood cells, and hematopoietic stem cells can regenerate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q14: How are the collected stem cells stored, and how long can they be kept?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A cryoprotective agent is added to the collected stem cells, which are then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. They can be kept for years - sometimes more than a decade - and are thawed and infused when it is time for transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q15: If one collection is not enough, will collecting again the next day harm my body?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the first collection does not yield enough cells, your doctor may arrange another collection based on your individual situation. A second collection is used to reach the stem cell dose needed for transplantation and generally does not cause significant additional harm to the body.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q16: How should I care for bruising or oozing at the needle site after collection?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Keep firm pressure on the puncture site and the pressure dressing in place for about 3-4 hours, and keep the area dry for 24 hours. A small bruise can be managed with a cold compress. If bleeding or oozing continues, contact the medical team promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>When Stem Cell Collection May Need to Be Delayed: Contraindications and Special Situations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q17: In what situations should stem cell collection be postponed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Collection should generally be delayed in patients with severe heart, lung, or kidney failure; an uncontrolled serious infection; an uncorrected coagulation disorder; or an acute active thrombosis. After the underlying problem has been medically optimized, the patient can be reassessed for collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q18: Can older adults or patients with low body weight undergo stem cell collection?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Yes. The medical team can individualize the plan after assessing heart and lung function, liver and kidney function, and coagulation status. The amount of blood processed and the duration of collection can be adjusted, and machine settings can be tailored for children or patients with low body weight. Dongguan Taixin Hospital \u002F GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology is a member collection center of the China Marrow Donor Program. From the opening of the department in July 2018 through June 2026, the center completed 1,265 hematopoietic stem cell collections. The smallest patient weighed 8.9 kg, and the youngest was 11 months old.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Special Considerations for Autologous Stem Cell Collection in Patients With Neuroblastoma (NB)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q19: How successful is stem cell collection in patients with neuroblastoma?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With standardized treatment, the overall collection success rate for high-risk neuroblastoma is reported in the article as above 90%. Mobilization with G-CSF after two or three cycles of standard induction chemotherapy has a reported success rate of 92%-95%. During bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy, large numbers of stem cells enter the bloodstream, and most patients can collect the target dose in one or two sessions. A CD34+ cell dose of at least 2 × 10^6\u002Fkg is generally sufficient for a single transplant, while the target for tandem transplantation is at least 5 × 10^6\u002Fkg.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Main reasons collection may fail or fall short of the target include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Too many prior cycles of chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, resulting in significant bone marrow injury\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Tumor involvement of the bone marrow or a high level of residual tumor in the marrow\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bone marrow damage from radiotherapy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Repeated severe infections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with these risk factors, the medical team may consider rescue mobilization with plerixafor after evaluation. The article reports a collection success rate of about 50%-60% after combination mobilization in this setting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q20: What if one round of mobilization does not produce enough cells? What should I know about trying again?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">① If the peripheral blood CD34+ count is low: plerixafor may be added, with an additional collection later the same day or the next day.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">② If the total yield from the current round remains insufficient: another collection may be planned after the next cycle of chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Collection should be postponed when there is extensive tumor involvement of the bone marrow, within 3 months after radiotherapy, during a severe infection with fever, or when there is significant liver or kidney dysfunction.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q21: What laboratory results are checked before collection? (Blood tests and flow-cytometry thresholds)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Blood count requirements after G-CSF mobilization and before starting apheresis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">WBC ≥5.0 × 10^9\u002FL; neutrophils >2.0 × 10^9\u002FL; platelets (PLT) ≥80 × 10^9\u002FL. If the platelet count is too low, the risk of bleeding during collection may be higher and platelet support may be prepared as clinically appropriate. Hemoglobin (Hb) should be >90 g\u002FL, without moderate or severe anemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Key factor:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Peripheral blood CD34+ cells measured by flow cytometry. Blood counts are monitored regularly after G-CSF, and a peripheral blood CD34+ level of ≥20 cells\u002FμL is used in the article as a threshold for starting a single-day collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Target total dose: a final cryopreserved CD34+ cell dose of ≥2.0 × 10^6\u002Fkg is considered adequate; ≥5 × 10^6\u002Fkg provides a larger collection and can support tandem transplantation, which is commonly used in neuroblastoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Organ function and infection-related requirements\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Liver and kidney function: ALT\u002FAST <2 times the upper limit of normal; creatinine and urea within the normal range; no severe hypoalbuminemia. There should be no active bacterial or viral infection, body temperature should be normal, CRP and procalcitonin should be within the expected range, coagulation function should be generally acceptable, and there should be no active bleeding or thrombosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Bone marrow status: A repeat bone marrow aspiration is needed before collection to assess measurable residual disease (MRD).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":170,"title":171,"summary":172,"cover":173,"category":76,"publishedAt":174,"contentHtml":175,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-therapy-tp53-mutation-large-b-cell-lymphoma-prognosis","Frontiers in Immunology | Prof. Kai Hu’s Team: CAR-T Cell Therapy May Mitigate the Adverse Impact of TP53 Mutations in Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL)","A retrospective study by Prof. Kai Hu’s team, published in Frontiers in Immunology, found that CAR-T cell therapy was associated with a substantially higher objective response rate and longer overall survival in patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) harboring TP53 mutations.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ff087e5c9f9d0d0e43dbf1184980431b6.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-15","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Prof. Kai Hu’s team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a retrospective study in Frontiers in Immunology analyzing 195 patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory large B-cell lymphoma. The study found that, among patients with TP53 mutations, CAR-T cell therapy was associated with significantly better outcomes than chemotherapy-based treatment, including a higher objective response rate and longer overall survival. The researchers also explored how the location of TP53 mutations may affect prognosis, offering new insights into more precise treatment strategies in the CAR-T era.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">TP53 mutations have long been considered one of the most important adverse molecular prognostic markers in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and have been strongly associated with poorer survival outcomes in the chemoimmunotherapy era. Whether this unfavorable prognostic effect persists in the era of CAR-T cell therapy, however, remains controversial, particularly because direct comparisons with non-CAR-T treatment cohorts have been limited.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, Rui Liu from Prof. Kai Hu’s team in the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a paper in Frontiers in Immunology titled “Impact of TP53 mutations on survival outcomes in the CAR-T era of large B-cell lymphoma.” The study provides new insights into the use of CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed\u002Frefractory LBCL with TP53 mutations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F7f743af59f9fd64ca467bfde7c8b979f_20260914012601.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"7f743af59f9fd64ca467bfde7c8b979f_20260914012601.png\" alt=\"6b1e8616-5dde-4371-bcd6-302a7ef002cd.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Research Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Kai Hu explained: “To better understand how TP53 mutations affect outcomes with CAR-T therapy in relapsed\u002Frefractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), our center retrospectively analyzed 195 patients with R\u002FR LBCL who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS). Among them, 151 received CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy and 44 received chemotherapy-based non-CAR-T treatment. Patients were divided into four groups according to TP53 status and treatment modality. We also performed subgroup analyses based on TP53 mutation type—missense versus disruptive mutations—and the protein domain in which the mutation occurred.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Results\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Clinical Outcomes With Different Treatment Approaches\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study compared CAR-T therapy with conventional chemotherapy-based treatment across different TP53 mutation groups:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with TP53 mutations:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Objective response rate (ORR): Significantly higher with CAR-T therapy (56.6% vs. 18.2%).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Overall survival (OS): Median OS was 12.13 months in the CAR-T group, compared with only 2.20 months in the chemotherapy group (P<0.0001).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with TP53 wild-type disease, CAR-T therapy also outperformed chemotherapy, with median OS of 25.15 months versus 8.28 months, respectively (P=0.0030) (Fig. 2A).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. CAR-T Outcomes According to TP53 Status\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among the 151 patients who received CAR-T therapy:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Similar response rates: The TP53-mutated and TP53 wild-type groups had comparable ORRs (56.6% vs. 45.9%) and complete response rates (CRR; 39.6% vs. 35.7%).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Differences in survival: Despite similar response rates, median OS (12.13 months) and median progression-free survival (PFS; 6.87 months) were shorter in the TP53-mutated group than in the wild-type group (OS, 25.15 months; PFS, 8.98 months).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Ff9c2623e3bada47c84b133559ccc0138_20260914012633.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"f9c2623e3bada47c84b133559ccc0138_20260914012633.png\" alt=\"a9383413-7b61-4761-9340-7042d68b3920.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Genomic Landscape and the Impact of Mutation Location\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mutation profile: TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in the cohort (38.7%), followed by KMT2D (30.9%) and PIM1 (22.7%).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Why the mutation domain matters:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">DNA-binding domain (DBD) mutations: 89% of TP53 mutations occurred in the DBD, and patients with these mutations had poorer outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Non-DBD mutations: Patients with TP53 mutations outside the DNA-binding domain had significantly better OS than those with DBD mutations (median OS: not reached vs. 9.86 months; P=0.046).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mutation type: No significant survival difference was observed between missense and disruptive mutations, such as truncating mutations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Histologic interaction: Among patients with TP53 mutations, those with high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) and double-\u002Ftriple-hit features showed a trend toward poorer survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Ffa2ea651c858a01550b6b9df2284d2bf_20260914012658.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"fa2ea651c858a01550b6b9df2284d2bf_20260914012658.png\" alt=\"ec3b1dfa-5fd5-4e30-a752-3a487e674725.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Kai Hu noted that the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital has accumulated extensive experience with CAR-T therapy in recent years. As the number of real-world CAR-T cases continues to grow, the clinical challenges are becoming increasingly complex. In clinical practice, patients with TP53 mutations are often highly resistant to chemotherapy, while CAR-T therapy can provide meaningful benefit for some of these patients. Going forward, important priorities in hematologic oncology include choosing the right timing for CAR-T therapy and developing more individualized, precise, and longitudinal management strategies. By integrating clinical, pathologic, molecular, and imaging data, clinicians may be able to identify earlier which patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) who do not respond to conventional treatment could benefit from precision CAR-T approaches. Monitoring tools such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may also help detect signs of relapse earlier, allowing earlier intervention and potentially extending survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":177,"title":178,"summary":179,"cover":180,"category":65,"publishedAt":181,"contentHtml":182,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"anemia-microcytic-anemia-explained-experts","Dr. Liping JING & Dr. Wenrui YANG: Anemia and Microcytic Anemia - What You Need to Know","Two hematology specialists explain the common types of microcytic anemia, key points in differential diagnosis, and practical home-care considerations, with particular emphasis on distinguishing iron-deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F0a4b419e76aca067992269bb17eb073b.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-12","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Liping JING and Dr. Wenrui YANG from the Anemia Diagnosis & Treatment Center at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explain the common types of microcytic anemia, how they are differentiated, and how treatment approaches vary. The article reviews the three main causes and typical symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia, explains why ferritin is an important clue when distinguishing anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency, and introduces the diagnosis and day-to-day management of hereditary spherocytosis and thalassemia. The goal is to help children with hematologic or oncologic conditions and their families better understand and manage anemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To help children with hematologic or oncologic conditions and their families better understand the common causes of microcytic anemia, how it is recognized, how it may relate to an underlying disease, and what monitoring and home-care measures may be appropriate, we invited Dr. Liping JING and Dr. Wenrui YANG from the Anemia Diagnosis & Treatment Center at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital to answer some common questions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. What Is Anemia? What Is Microcytic Anemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Anemia is more than simply "looking pale." Medically, anemia means that the red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, or hematocrit is below the normal range for a person's age, sex, and altitude.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">So what does "microcytic anemia" mean? When you look at a complete blood count (CBC), in addition to hemoglobin and platelets, two red blood cell indices are especially useful:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. MCV (mean corpuscular volume): This reflects the average size of red blood cells. In adults, the usual reference range is about 80-100 fL; an MCV below 80 fL is generally considered microcytic. In children, the cutoff varies with age and can be lower; around 70 fL may fall into the microcytic range in younger children.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration): This reflects the concentration of hemoglobin inside red blood cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When red blood cells are both smaller than usual and contain less hemoglobin, the pattern is called microcytic hypochromic anemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. What Are the Common Types of Microcytic Anemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Common causes include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Iron-deficiency anemia - the most common type\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Anemia of chronic disease, also called anemia of inflammation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Thalassemia and hereditary spherocytosis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Rare forms such as sideroblastic anemia\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Anemia caused by lead poisoning\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Iron-Deficiency Anemia\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Put simply, iron-deficiency anemia occurs when the body does not have enough iron. Iron is a key building block for hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When iron is lacking, the body produces fewer red blood cells, and those cells tend to be smaller, paler, and less effective at carrying oxygen.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why does iron deficiency happen? There are three main reasons:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Excessive blood loss - the most common cause\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Examples include heavy menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age, gastrointestinal bleeding such as from peptic ulcers or hemorrhoids, and acute blood loss after trauma or surgery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Low iron intake or poor absorption\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Examples include a long-term diet with insufficient iron-rich foods, or impaired absorption after major gastric or duodenal surgery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Increased iron requirements\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Iron requirements increase during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and in growing children as blood volume expands and the body develops.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Symptoms Can Iron-Deficiency Anemia Cause?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ General symptoms: weakness, easy fatigue, dizziness, ringing in the ears, palpitations, and shortness of breath with activity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Physical changes: pale or sallow skin, reduced complexion, thin nails, and pale inner eyelids.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ In children: difficulty concentrating and reduced memory or attention.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Other characteristic symptoms: pica (craving non-food substances such as soil or plaster), spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), restless legs syndrome, cracks or inflammation at the corners of the mouth, and difficulty swallowing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Anemia of Chronic Disease (Anemia of Inflammation)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Anemia of chronic disease, also known as anemia of inflammation, is caused by an underlying condition. Chronic infection, inflammatory disease, cancer, and rheumatologic or autoimmune disorders can all contribute.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What is happening in the body?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The mechanism is different from true iron deficiency. In iron-deficiency anemia, the body genuinely does not have enough iron. In anemia of chronic disease, iron may be present in adequate or even increased amounts, but inflammation causes much of it to be sequestered and less available to the bone marrow for red blood cell production. This is sometimes described as impaired iron utilization.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Inflammation can also suppress erythropoietin (EPO) production and shorten red blood cell survival. The result may also present with a microcytic, hypochromic pattern.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Can Anemia of Chronic Disease Be Distinguished from Iron-Deficiency Anemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ferritin is an important clue:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Iron-deficiency anemia: ferritin is typically low.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Anemia of chronic disease: ferritin is often normal or elevated.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This distinction matters because the treatment approaches are different. Ferritin should still be interpreted together with the overall clinical picture and other iron studies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is Anemia of Chronic Disease Treated?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Treat the underlying disease - this is the cornerstone of management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ In selected patients, treatment may include erythropoiesis-stimulating therapy such as EPO or roxadustat.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Iron supplementation is generally considered when true iron deficiency is also present.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Hereditary Spherocytosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetic red blood cell disorder. The name is long, but the key idea is simple: the red blood cells become spherical rather than having their usual biconcave-disc shape.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genetic changes affect proteins in the red blood cell membrane skeleton. As a result, the cells become rounder, less flexible, and more fragile. They have difficulty passing through the spleen and are more likely to be trapped and destroyed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Hereditary spherocytosis can be inherited in different ways:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ About 75% of cases follow a dominant inheritance pattern, meaning one parent may also be affected, sometimes so mildly that the condition has never been recognized.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ The remaining cases may involve recessive inheritance or a new spontaneous genetic change.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Symptoms Can Hereditary Spherocytosis Cause?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Severity varies widely. Some people have such mild disease that it is never diagnosed, while others develop significant anemia from childhood. Common features include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Anemia and jaundice due to increased bilirubin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ An enlarged spleen, which is common in affected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Gallstones caused by excess bilirubin released during red blood cell breakdown.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ CBC findings may include a low MCV and MCH with a normal or elevated MCHC, producing a relatively hyperchromic pattern.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ A peripheral blood smear may show spherocytes, sometimes accounting for more than 15% of red blood cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Further testing may include an eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) binding test by flow cytometry or genetic testing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is Hereditary Spherocytosis Treated?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Splenectomy can reduce red blood cell destruction and is an effective treatment for selected patients, but not everyone needs surgery. Splenectomy is generally avoided in young children, especially those under 6 years of age, because the spleen plays an important role in immune defense and removing it too early can increase the risk of serious infection. Mild cases may only require observation. Infection prevention is also important because infections can trigger hemolytic or aplastic crises.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. Thalassemia\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Why Is It Called Thalassemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The name comes from the fact that the condition was first recognized around the Mediterranean. The genetic variants that cause thalassemia became more common in regions where malaria was historically widespread because carrying certain thalassemia traits could provide some protection against severe malaria. Today, however, those same variants can cause clinically significant anemia in affected individuals.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Where Is Thalassemia More Common in China?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Thalassemia is most common south of the Yangtze River, particularly in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and is also seen frequently in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Jiangxi. According to the figures cited in the source article, alpha-thalassemia carrier rates exceed 40% in Hainan and approach 25% in Guangxi. With population movement, sporadic cases are now also seen in northern China.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. What Causes Thalassemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Normal adult hemoglobin is made from two alpha-globin chains and two beta-globin chains. In thalassemia, genetic changes reduce or prevent production of either the alpha or beta chains. The resulting imbalance produces abnormal hemoglobin and unstable red blood cells that are more easily destroyed, leading to hemolytic anemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. What Is Alpha-Thalassemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Alpha-thalassemia is most often caused by gene deletions. Each person normally has four alpha-globin genes - two inherited from each parent. The clinical picture depends largely on how many genes are affected:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Silent carrier: Three genes function normally and one is affected. There is usually little or no anemia, and the CBC may be close to normal, so the condition can easily be missed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Alpha-thalassemia trait: Two genes function normally and two are affected. There may be no anemia or only mild anemia, usually with a microcytic, hypochromic pattern.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease: Only one alpha-globin gene functions normally and three are affected. Babies may appear well at birth, but anemia and splenomegaly can develop after infancy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis: All four alpha-globin genes are absent or nonfunctional. This is the most severe form and can lead to fetal death or death soon after birth.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Important: Silent-carrier and mild thalassemia can easily be mistaken for iron-deficiency anemia. If iron supplementation does not improve the blood counts as expected, further evaluation may be needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. What Is Beta-Thalassemia?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Beta-thalassemia is often classified by clinical severity:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Mild \u002F carrier form (heterozygous): Symptoms are usually mild, and many people are unaware they have it. Mild jaundice or enlargement of the liver and spleen may occur.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Intermediate form: Severity falls between mild and severe disease, and anemia may worsen with age.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Severe form: Significant anemia usually develops in the first 1-2 years of life, can affect growth and bone development, and often requires long-term transfusion support.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is Thalassemia Treated?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Mild disease \u002F silent carrier state: Treatment is usually not required. General health and infection prevention remain important because illness or other physiologic stress can worsen hemolysis in some patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ For patients who require regular transfusions: transfusion programs may aim to maintain hemoglobin above about 90 g\u002FL to support normal growth and reduce skeletal complications in children. Long-term transfusion can cause iron overload, so iron chelation therapy may also be needed, using agents such as deferiprone, deferoxamine, or deferasirox.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Luspatercept: This medicine promotes late-stage red blood cell maturation and can reduce transfusion burden in some patients. The source article notes an approximately 33% reduction in transfusion burden and states that the drug has been included in China's medical insurance coverage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: This can be a potentially curative option for patients with severe beta-thalassemia. The source article reports transplant success rates above 90% in appropriate patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Splenectomy: This may be considered in selected patients with massive splenomegaly, hypersplenism, or very high transfusion requirements, but it does not cure thalassemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Gene therapy: Clinical studies are ongoing, and some patients have achieved transfusion independence. However, access remains limited and treatment costs are high.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":184,"title":185,"summary":186,"cover":187,"category":65,"publishedAt":181,"contentHtml":188,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"allogeneic-stem-cell-transplant-donor-selection-guide","Dr. Tong Wu: How Donors Are Selected for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","Dr. Tong Wu explains five key factors in donor selection for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: HLA matching, non-HLA factors, hematopoietic and immune function, inherited predisposition, and personal and family medical history.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ffe5541f33049aa968a7254f5688db666.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Donor selection can directly affect outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Dr. Tong Wu of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains five major areas that should be considered: matching at 10 HLA alleles across HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ; non-HLA factors such as donor age, CMV\u002FEBV serostatus, sex, blood type, stem cell source and cell dose, and donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA); the donor's hematopoietic and immune function; screening for inherited predisposition variants that may affect engraftment or increase the risk of donor-derived leukemia; and review of the donor's personal and family medical history. The article also outlines the usual order of donor preference and considerations for different disease settings.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>For patients preparing for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, choosing the right donor is an important part of the treatment plan and can influence transplant outcomes. Patients and families often have many questions about how donors are evaluated and prioritized. In this article, Dr. Tong Wu of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains the core principles and major factors involved in donor selection.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used mainly for two broad groups of conditions. The first includes hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, lymphoma, and myeloma. The second includes nonmalignant disorders such as aplastic anemia and congenital immunodeficiency disorders.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Five major factors are considered when selecting a donor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ HLA matching\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Non-HLA factors\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Hematopoietic and immune function\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Inherited genetic predisposition\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Personal and family medical history\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. HLA Matching\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before transplantation, HLA typing usually includes HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ. Because each locus has two alleles, this is commonly referred to as a 10\u002F10 HLA match.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A donor who matches at all 10 alleles is considered fully matched. A fully matched donor is often a sibling, although a 10\u002F10 matched unrelated donor may also be identified through a donor registry. In some cases, a 9\u002F10 matched unrelated donor may also be considered for transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), each additional HLA mismatch in unrelated donor transplantation is associated with an approximately 10% reduction in post-transplant survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In experienced transplant centers, outcomes with a matched sibling donor and a haploidentical related donor can be comparable.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Non-HLA Factors\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If several donors meet the HLA requirements, how should the team choose among them?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Age: Donor age is one of the most important considerations after HLA matching. In unrelated donor transplantation, a donor who is 10 years younger has been associated with an approximately 3% improvement in survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus: Ideally, donor and recipient CMV IgG and EBV IgG status should be aligned. For example, a CMV IgG-positive patient would preferably receive cells from a CMV IgG-positive donor.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Sex: A female donor for a male recipient may increase the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and a female donor with multiple prior pregnancies may increase GVHD risk in both male and female recipients. In pediatric haploidentical transplantation, a mother may be preferred over a father in some settings, which has been linked to long-term bidirectional microchimerism established during pregnancy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">ABO blood type: Donor-recipient ABO incompatibility usually has a limited effect on overall transplant outcomes and can often be managed by appropriate graft processing, such as red blood cell or plasma depletion. However, ABO mismatch may be associated with delayed hemolysis, delayed red-cell engraftment, or pure red cell aplasia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Stem cell source and cell dose: Stem cells may come from bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), or umbilical cord blood. BM and PBSC transplantation can achieve similar survival outcomes. PBSCs generally engraft more quickly but are associated with a higher risk of chronic GVHD. An adequate stem cell dose is important for transplant outcomes. The article recommends more than 3 × 10^6 CD34+ cells\u002Fkg for PBSC grafts and more than 0.2 × 10^6 CD34+ cells\u002Fkg for cord blood grafts.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">HLA antibodies: Some patients have donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in their serum. Testing is especially important when the donor and recipient are not fully HLA matched. A positive DSA result increases the risk of graft failure and may reduce post-transplant survival. If the only available donor is DSA-positive, antibody-reduction treatment may be needed before transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A commonly used international order of donor preference is: first, a matched sibling donor; second, a fully matched unrelated donor; and then a 9\u002F10 matched unrelated donor, a haploidentical related donor, or cord blood, depending on the clinical situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F9639e3f91609a7a953d35b92f387a186_20260913222540.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"9639e3f91609a7a953d35b92f387a186_20260913222540.png\" alt=\"e708db67-0f31-4270-8621-a77e1f3bc5c6.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Hematopoietic and Immune Function\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Transplantation rebuilds the recipient's hematopoietic and immune systems using cells from the donor. For this reason, the health and function of the donor's blood-forming and immune systems are important to transplant outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How can these functions be assessed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic function can be evaluated through a complete blood count, bone marrow cellularity, and the proportion of CD34+ cells in the bone marrow. Immune function may be assessed through lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin levels, and markers such as granzyme and perforin in NK cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Inherited Genetic Predisposition\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mutations acquired by tumor cells are called somatic mutations, while inherited or constitutional variants are referred to as germline variants.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some inherited predisposition variants can increase a person's risk of developing hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. In general, variants with a greater functional impact may be associated with disease developing at a younger age.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If a donor carries a clinically significant inherited predisposition variant, using that donor's stem cells may be associated with poor stem cell mobilization, graft failure, poor graft function, or, in rare cases, donor-derived leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Personal and Family Medical History\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many people carry genetic variants of one kind or another. The key question is whether those variants have meaningful functional effects. This is one reason a careful personal and family medical history is important when evaluating a potential donor.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some people may consider themselves healthy because they have no major illness, while also having conditions such as asthma, hyperthyroidism, or psoriasis. These conditions may involve immune dysregulation and can be relevant when assessing whether someone is an appropriate donor.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Family history is reviewed for clustering of cancers or immune-related diseases, a history of infectious diseases, unexplained childhood deaths, and consanguinity, among other factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ A matched sibling donor is generally the first choice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ For hematologic malignancies, matched unrelated and matched sibling donor transplantation can achieve similar disease-free survival. Among non-HLA factors in unrelated donor transplantation, donor age is particularly important, with younger donors generally associated with better outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ When choosing among a haploidentical related donor, a mismatched unrelated donor, and cord blood, the decision depends on the transplant center's experience, how urgently transplantation is needed, donor age, and DSA status.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ For nonmalignant hematologic diseases, bone marrow is generally preferred as the stem cell source because it is associated with less chronic GVHD and may support better long-term quality of life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ In adults with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow and PBSC transplantation can achieve similar survival outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Selecting a donor with healthy hematopoietic and immune function and a favorable inherited genetic background can support post-transplant hematopoietic and immune recovery and may reduce complications such as GVHD, infection, and relapse, helping improve long-term disease-free survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":190,"title":191,"summary":192,"cover":193,"category":65,"publishedAt":194,"contentHtml":195,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"digestive-early-cancer-screening-high-risk-groups-guide","Bloating or Poor Appetite? Don’t Brush It Off — Early Gastrointestinal Cancers Can Be Easy to Miss","A practical guide to why early gastrointestinal cancers are easy to miss, four common screening approaches, and how high-risk groups are identified for colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F114347c0ceba82a992605ffaee184bbf.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-06","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Early gastrointestinal cancers often cause few or no typical symptoms, and by the time clear discomfort appears, the disease may already be more advanced. This article explains why early gastrointestinal cancers can be difficult to detect and why early-stage disease may still be highly treatable. It compares four commonly used screening approaches — upper and lower GI endoscopy, fecal occult blood testing and stool DNA testing, tumor markers, and imaging — and outlines when each may be useful. Based on the 2025 edition of China’s Guidelines for Cancer Screening in Health Examination Institutions, it also summarizes criteria used to identify people at higher risk of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers, helping readers better understand the value of screening and choose appropriate tests in time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Occasional bloating, abdominal discomfort, or loss of appetite is easy to dismiss as a minor stomach problem. Many people simply take some medication and wait for it to pass. At an annual checkup, some may even skip a digital rectal examination or avoid gastroscopy and colonoscopy because they worry about discomfort, inconvenience, or embarrassment. It is tempting to think that if there is no severe pain or obvious symptom, cancer must be far away. The reality is that many gastrointestinal cancers may not cause clear, typical symptoms until they have already progressed, potentially missing the best window for treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to 2022 cancer data released by China’s National Cancer Center, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer rank among the ten most common cancers in China, placing second, fifth, and seventh respectively.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Because early gastrointestinal cancers can be highly silent and may cause few typical symptoms, proactive screening, early detection, and timely evaluation are especially important.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why Are Early Gastrointestinal Cancers So Easy to Miss?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The digestive tract is a continuous tube running from the mouth to the anus. The esophagus, stomach, and intestines are among the sites where gastrointestinal cancers commonly arise. Outside the mouth and throat, the wall of the digestive tract is generally described in four layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and outer layer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Early gastrointestinal cancer generally refers to cancer that remains confined to the superficial mucosal layer. A simple way to picture it is like damage that has affected only the surface of a wall without penetrating deeply or spreading elsewhere. At this stage, two features are especially important:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Symptoms can be very subtle. Many patients have no specific symptoms at all, or only mild bloating or reduced appetite. These signs can easily be mistaken for gastritis, enteritis, or another common digestive problem — or simply ignored.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Early disease may be highly curable. When the lesion remains localized and the risk of spread is very low, timely, appropriate treatment can lead to excellent outcomes. The article notes that five-year survival can exceed 90% in early-stage disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the early window is missed, cancer cells may invade deeper layers, spread, or metastasize, leading to advanced disease. Using gastric cancer as an example, the article notes a cure rate above 90% for early gastric cancer, compared with a five-year survival rate below 10% for advanced gastric cancer — underscoring why early detection and treatment matter.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Tests Are Used to Screen for Early Gastrointestinal Cancer?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some people have annual health checks yet still miss early gastrointestinal cancers because the right screening test was not included. Below are four commonly used screening approaches and the roles they may play:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Endoscopy (Gastroscopy and Colonoscopy): The Gold Standard for Early Detection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Endoscopy remains one of the most important tools for detecting early gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy allow doctors to directly examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and bowel. If a suspicious lesion is found, a tissue sample can be taken immediately for pathology to determine whether it is benign or malignant. In selected early lesions, minimally invasive endoscopic removal may also be performed during the same procedure, combining diagnosis and treatment with relatively limited trauma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people concerned about discomfort, sedation-assisted or anesthesia-supported endoscopy is now widely used. Patients should discuss the available options, suitability, and risks with their medical team rather than avoiding screening solely because of fear of pain.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Fecal Occult Blood Testing and Stool DNA Testing: Convenient Non-Invasive Screening Options\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Both are non-invasive screening approaches used for colorectal cancer. Fecal occult blood testing is inexpensive and easy to perform, making it a common first-line screening option. False-positive results can occur, so repeat testing or additional examinations may be needed. Stool DNA testing is another non-invasive option that may offer higher detection accuracy and is increasingly used in colorectal cancer screening.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Tumor Markers: Helpful as Additional Information, but Not Diagnostic on Their Own\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Commonly used tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancers include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, CA72-4, CA125, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). These blood tests can provide supporting information, but they cannot confirm or rule out cancer on their own. An abnormal result does not automatically mean cancer is present, and a normal result cannot fully exclude early-stage disease. Tumor markers must therefore be interpreted together with other tests and cannot replace gastroscopy or colonoscopy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Imaging: An Important Complement for Deeper Abdominal Organs\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For cancers involving deeper abdominal organs, such as the liver or pancreas, ultrasound, CT, and other imaging tests may be used as part of risk assessment or early detection. These examinations complement endoscopy by evaluating areas that cannot be directly visualized through the gastrointestinal tract.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Who Is Considered at Higher Risk for Early Gastrointestinal Cancer?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Colorectal Cancer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the 2025 edition of China’s Guidelines for Cancer Screening in Health Examination Institutions, higher-risk groups for colorectal cancer include people at increased risk of sporadic colorectal cancer and those with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Higher Risk of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Risk is scored using age, sex, first-degree family history, smoking history, and body mass index (BMI):\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Age 49 or younger: 0 points; age 50-59: 1 point; age 60 or older: 2 points.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Female: 0 points; male: 1 point.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">History of smoking: 1 point; no smoking history: 0 points.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">BMI 23 kg\u002Fm² or above: 1 point; BMI below 23 kg\u002Fm²: 0 points.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A first-degree relative with colorectal cancer: 1 point. If one first-degree relative was diagnosed before age 60, or if two first-degree relatives have colorectal cancer: 4 points. No first-degree family history: 0 points.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Age 50 or older and never having undergone colonoscopy: 3 points. A total score of 4 or more is considered high risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) Higher Risk of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This includes people with Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and other hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Gastric Cancer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the same 2025 guideline, people aged 45 or older are considered at higher risk if they meet any one of the following criteria:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Living in an area with a high incidence of gastric cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A first-degree relative — such as a parent, child, or sibling — with a history of gastric cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A positive urea breath test (UBT), serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody test, or stool H. pylori antigen test.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A smoking history totaling six months or more.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Heavy alcohol use, a high-salt diet, frequent consumption of pickled foods, or other unhealthy dietary and lifestyle patterns.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A history of chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyps, a gastric remnant after surgery, hypertrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, or related conditions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Esophageal Cancer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the same 2025 guideline, people aged 45 or older are considered at higher risk if they meet any one of the following criteria:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Long-term residence in an area with a high incidence of esophageal cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A first-degree relative — such as a parent, child, or sibling — with a history of esophageal cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Long-term habits such as consuming very hot foods or drinks, a high-salt diet, frequent pickled foods, a smoking history totaling six months or more, or heavy alcohol use.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A history of chronic esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal diverticulum, achalasia, reflux esophagitis, or benign esophageal stricture.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A history of diagnosis or treatment for precancerous esophageal lesions, including esophageal squamous dysplasia or Barrett’s esophagus-associated dysplasia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Gastrointestinal cancer is not something to panic about — but delaying evaluation or avoiding screening can allow an early, more treatable disease to go unnoticed. Pay attention to persistent digestive symptoms, understand your personal risk, and complete appropriate screening when recommended. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely treatment can make a meaningful difference.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":197,"title":198,"summary":199,"cover":200,"category":159,"publishedAt":201,"contentHtml":202,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"guarding-little-wishes-children-blood-disease-ward-school","Helping Little Wishes Shine for Children in the Hospital Ward","At the Sunshine Charity Ward School, children with leukemia put their wishes on paper in a special drawing class, sharing the everyday joys they miss during long-term treatment and the dreams they continue to hold onto.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F61196b26c5d0ac25ea044fed41db8ab6.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-06-05","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Tencent News's “A Day in the Life” feature visited the ward school jointly established by New Sunshine Charity Foundation and Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital to document a special drawing class built around the children's own ideas and wishes. Children being treated for leukemia and lymphoma drew the foods they wanted to eat, the people they hoped to see, and the things they wished they could do - simple parts of everyday childhood that treatment had temporarily put on hold. The story calls for greater attention to the emotional world of children living with blood disorders. Their small but deeply felt wishes bring light to the long road of recovery and warmth to everyone caring for them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Not long ago, Tencent News's “A Day in the Life” feature visited the ward school jointly run by New Sunshine Charity Foundation and Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital. The team documented a special class centered on one simple theme: “I have an idea.” The children put their thoughts on paper, inviting us into a world that belongs entirely to them.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Most of the children at the ward school are being treated for leukemia or lymphoma. Their treatment may last six months, two years, or even longer, and much of that time is spent in the hospital. Long periods of isolation and strict dietary restrictions mean they miss many of the simple joys of childhood. But this is not a story about suffering. It is a story about everyone around them working together to create hope.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>An “I Have an Idea” Class at the Ward School\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Unlike an ordinary classroom, every lesson at the ward school comes with uncertainty. Before class begins, no one knows exactly which children will be well enough to attend. Their conditions can change from day to day, and whether they can walk into the classroom in the afternoon may depend entirely on that morning's test results.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Classes and activities are held at the ward school from Monday to Friday. For many of the children, this is one of the few times during the day when they can see and spend time with other children. Some need to be carried into the classroom by a parent because moving around is difficult. But once they arrive, there is a visible sense of ease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The theme of this drawing class was “I have an idea.” Compared with the bigger word “dream,” an “idea” can feel closer and more immediate to a child in hospital. It reminds them that life continues beyond treatment, and that there is still a wider world outside the ward waiting to be explored.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fd05d4424e529fa4ea5c9aeba4c7d96ab_20260914010125.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d05d4424e529fa4ea5c9aeba4c7d96ab_20260914010125.png\" alt=\"9af5e3bf-148e-4758-a82a-e7f8a03b6276.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">The children raise their hands to share their ideas in class\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some children drew the foods they wished they could eat: potato chips, ice cream, crayfish - things that are often off-limits during treatment. Others drew the people they wanted to see: an older brother, classmates, close friends - even if all they wanted was to have a meal together and talk about everyday life. Some drew the things they hoped to do: walk through a park when the roses are in bloom, or fly a kite in warmer weather because, as one child put it, “I've never tried it before.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F8353255e947e9bd6f9ac235bfacf388a_20260914010139.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"8353255e947e9bd6f9ac235bfacf388a_20260914010139.png\" alt=\"dc2d7469-0ad6-47f1-acf8-5dbb63825647.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">The children draw their own “ideas”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Each sheet of paper holds a piece of everyday life that illness has temporarily put on pause - and a hope the children have never let go of.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>The Long Road of Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F44a558285d4f907b355ec3af64ecad28_20260914010157.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"44a558285d4f907b355ec3af64ecad28_20260914010157.png\" alt=\"52d23c10-bea6-46fd-a85c-a1d2bcdd5d1c.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Xinxin (left) and Xiao Ze (right)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Ms. Qiao Li from the hospital's Patient Services Department took the production team to see an unoccupied high-dependency room. A thick protective curtain surrounded the bed, separating it from the outside world. In that moment, “isolation” was no longer simply a medical term; it was part of a child's everyday life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In Xinxin and Xiao Ze's room, Xinxin's mother explained that treatment often lasts at least six months, and the children spend most of that time in hospital. There are countless precautions in daily life: anything they touch may need to be disinfected, and even minor bumps and injuries must be avoided. Food is just as tightly controlled. Snacks that other children can reach for without thinking are often completely off-limits. Xinxin said that after chemotherapy, even when she manages to eat, she often vomits afterward: “It's really hard to put the weight back on.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These children are growing up at an age when curiosity about the outside world comes naturally and personalities are still taking shape. Yet their physical world can gradually shrink to a hospital room, treatment schedules, and laboratory results. Within those limits, parents, hospital staff, and charitable organizations all work to make sure life does not become only about treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Children's Day was approaching, and Xinxin and Xiao Ze were rehearsing a short skit. When we first met them, neither looked especially energetic. But the moment someone called “action,” they quickly slipped into character. A line of dialogue, a gesture, an unexpected twist in the scene - each one brought laughter to the room.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Drawing Rebellion, Dreams, and the Person You Want to Be\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Ff100486a0c85d09b3d8283cb44ec28a7_20260914010219.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"f100486a0c85d09b3d8283cb44ec28a7_20260914010219.png\" alt=\"9d967ef0-e4ce-4f9d-91c5-5a80b82000b5.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">How Nuonuo imagines herself\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Nuonuo is now 20. She first came to the ward school when she was 13. Over the past seven years, she has undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and lived through countless difficult days of illness and recovery. Now she hopes to become a more authentic version of herself. Her drawing reflects that wish: in everyday life, she can be a little melancholy, sometimes with a rebellious streak, and often she simply wants to spend time quietly on her own. Dyeing her hair or getting her ears pierced may be the outward signs of rebellion, but her real act of defiance is refusing to give in to what life has handed her - and continuing to fight because she does not want her parents to be sad. Nuonuo says she would like to hold a concert at the ward school and sing with her friends, because they are all “teammates fighting the same illness.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F135952057217d4c4c2c322f727689464_20260914010233.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"135952057217d4c4c2c322f727689464_20260914010233.png\" alt=\"92569eb6-1937-4334-b581-89694c627bd2.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Yanyan's Favorite Starry Sky and Garden\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fifteen-year-old Yanyan is quiet and shy, but she has a wide range of interests. She loves astronomy and has read many books about it. Her favorite is the Andromeda Galaxy, simply because she finds it beautiful. She also loves plants and has grown succulents and wild grasses. “If you take good care of them, even little grasses can be beautiful,” she says. Looking ahead, Yanyan hopes to become an artist. “I want to save some of the money I make from selling my paintings, and use some of it to help children around the world who are going through what we are.” She also has her own thoughts about treatment. Staying strong, she says, depends not only on doctors, but also on the emotional support of parents and the children themselves: “If the adults are unhappy in front of the children all the time, it becomes harder for the children to keep going too.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F23752d790cbf6fb27bde92e4f3eb703f_20260914010247.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"23752d790cbf6fb27bde92e4f3eb703f_20260914010247.png\" alt=\"7f03154b-75d9-42e1-a37d-13b4a73e5108.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Teacher Xinxin with children from the ward school\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For every child at the Sunshine Charity Ward School at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, even a small wish can be hard-won. It may take months of treatment and countless difficult days before something simple becomes possible again. That is what makes these little wishes so precious. Each one shines in its own way, lighting the children's path through recovery and warming the people who walk beside them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Teacher Xinxin from the Sunshine Charity Ward School said, “I hope more people can see how rich and vivid these children's inner worlds are, and I hope more people will pay attention to children living with blood disorders.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">That commitment is also at the heart of GoBroad Healthcare Group's approach to care. We hope every child facing serious illness can keep growing toward the light, carrying their hopes forward until brighter days finally arrive.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":204,"title":205,"summary":206,"cover":207,"category":65,"publishedAt":208,"contentHtml":209,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"targeted-therapy-dic-emergency-warning","Targeted Therapy Is Not a One-and-Done Solution: Watch for These Serious Cancer-Related Emergencies","Dr. Shuang LI of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, uses a case of EGFR-mutant lung cancer to explain how to recognize dangerous complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and how they are managed.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fd669d227da31b8e9ebc88f89ef774141.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-05-29","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Shuang LI of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, discusses a real clinical case involving a patient with lung cancer harboring an EGFR exon 21 L858R mutation who developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after resistance to targeted therapy and rapid disease progression. The article explains how cancer-associated DIC develops, why clotting and bleeding can occur at the same time, and which warning signs patients and families should watch for. It also emphasizes an important point: targeted therapy itself is not necessarily the cause of DIC. Rather, rapidly progressive cancer can trigger severe coagulation abnormalities. Close monitoring, early recognition of emergencies, and individualized treatment that combines control of the underlying cancer, correction of coagulation abnormalities, and supportive care are all essential parts of whole-course cancer management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As precision oncology continues to advance, targeted therapies have helped many patients with driver mutation-positive lung cancer live longer and maintain a better quality of life. But even after a period of stable disease, some patients may experience sudden progression or develop serious, potentially life-threatening complications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Using a real case from clinical rounds, this article highlights one dangerous but easily overlooked cancer-related emergency. The goal is to help patients and families recognize warning signs earlier and seek medical care promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>01 A Real Clinical Case: A Life-Threatening Complication After Disease Progression\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During a recent ward round at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, Dr. Shuang LI reviewed the case of a 54-year-old woman with lung cancer and an EGFR exon 21 L858R sensitizing mutation. This type of mutation is generally sensitive to EGFR-targeted therapy. The patient had previously received standard third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy, which controlled her disease for a period of time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During treatment, however, resistance to targeted therapy developed and the cancer progressed rapidly. She subsequently developed a critical complication: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It is important to understand that patients with rapidly progressive cancer can develop DIC because of the cancer itself, regardless of whether targeted therapy is being used. Rapid tumor growth, tumor necrosis, and vascular invasion can release large amounts of procoagulant substances into the bloodstream and activate the body's coagulation system. In this case, the rapid progression after targeted therapy resistance accelerated an already dangerous process.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>02 What Is Cancer-Associated DIC?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe disorder of blood clotting that can occur in advanced cancer. It is a medical emergency that can cause a patient's condition to deteriorate quickly and may become life-threatening.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>In simple terms, the process may involve three overlapping problems:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Tiny blood clots form throughout small and larger blood vessels, blocking circulation and reducing blood and oxygen supply to organs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) Large amounts of platelets and clotting factors are consumed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(3) As these clotting components are depleted, serious bleeding can develop, including bruising or bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes, internal bleeding, or intracranial hemorrhage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Typical Clinical Features\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Clotting and bleeding may occur at the same time, without a clear boundary between the two phases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) The condition can progress very quickly and requires urgent medical intervention.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(3) Platelet counts may fall markedly, and coagulation tests may become significantly abnormal.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>When this patient was admitted, she had already developed:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Shortness of breath and inability to lie flat, requiring supplemental oxygen;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) Widespread small thrombi in the bronchial arteries, as well as thrombosis in the superior and inferior vena cava;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(3) Pleural and pericardial effusions;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(4) Enlarged lymph nodes in multiple areas, including the axillae, supraclavicular regions, and lower neck.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Should Patients and Families Take Away from This?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Resistance to targeted therapy can eventually develop, and the cancer may then progress rapidly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) Rapid cancer progression can trigger medical emergencies such as coagulation disorders and organ failure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(3) Unexplained chest tightness, shortness of breath, inability to lie flat, extensive bruising, or unusual bleeding should be assessed urgently by a medical team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>03 Individualized, Multidisciplinary Treatment Can Create a Window for Recovery\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For critically ill patients with cancer-associated DIC, treatment needs to be rapid, individualized, and multidimensional.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(1) Treat the underlying cancer: adjust anticancer therapy according to the mechanism of resistance and work to regain disease control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(2) Manage the emergency: correct coagulation abnormalities according to the patient's current DIC pattern and clinical status.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0 0 0 28px;text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">(3) Provide supportive care: replace blood components or clotting factors when appropriate, use anticoagulation selectively when indicated, and protect organ function.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After intensive, individualized treatment and close monitoring, the patient's cancer was brought under better control. Her pleural and pericardial effusions decreased substantially, enlarged lymph nodes regressed, her breathing improved, and she was again able to lie flat. Her overall clinical condition improved significantly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This case shows that a cancer-related emergency does not always mean there are no options left. Early recognition, rapid intervention, and appropriate treatment may still create an opportunity to stabilize the patient and improve the situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>DIC can develop as cancer progresses. If you notice large unexplained bruises, persistent gum or nose bleeding, continued oozing from an injection or puncture site, or these symptoms together with chest tightness, severe shortness of breath, inability to lie flat, dizziness, profound weakness, or low blood pressure, seek emergency medical care immediately. Do not wait for the symptoms to resolve on their own. Early recognition and treatment are critical for safety.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Targeted therapy has transformed lung cancer care and made longer-term disease control possible for many patients. But effective treatment also requires whole-course management, close follow-up, and prompt recognition of emergencies.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Cancer treatment is an ongoing process. Changes in symptoms, laboratory results, or sudden new discomfort can all be important signals from the body. Understanding these warning signs, attending regular follow-up, communicating promptly with the care team, and acting quickly when needed can help protect both treatment safety and effectiveness.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":211,"title":212,"summary":213,"cover":214,"category":65,"publishedAt":215,"contentHtml":216,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"lymphoma-genetic-testing-zhang-yajing","Dr. Yajing Zhang: Lymphoma Has Many Subtypes—Why Is Genetic Testing So Important?","Dr. Yajing Zhang explains how genetic testing can support more precise lymphoma diagnosis, help assess prognosis, guide targeted treatment choices, and enable dynamic disease monitoring—making truly individualized care possible.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F1c810ce674d64e11d0e23495f80d4cb2.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-05-15","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Yajing Zhang explains why genetic testing has become an important part of modern lymphoma care. Because lymphoma includes many distinct subtypes, genetic testing can help refine the diagnosis, identify high-risk alterations such as “double-hit” rearrangements, guide the selection of targeted therapies such as BTK inhibitors, and provide additional information when considering advanced treatments including CAR-T therapy. Liquid biopsy and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can also be used in some settings for dynamic monitoring during and after treatment. Together, these tools help move lymphoma care away from a one-size-fits-all approach toward treatment strategies tailored to each patient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Hello, I'm Dr. Yajing Zhang.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>In clinic, I often see the same situation: patients and families have only just begun to process a lymphoma diagnosis when their doctor recommends another test that may sound complicated—genetic testing.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Many people understandably ask, “Doctor, hasn't the pathology report already confirmed the diagnosis? Why do I still need genetic testing? It's another significant expense—is it really necessary?”\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>These are very reasonable concerns. Today, I'd like to explain why genetic testing can be such an important step in lymphoma care. One way to think about it is as a personalized “road map” that helps us tailor treatment more closely to the biology of your disease.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Lymphoma Is Not One Disease—It Is a Large Family of Diseases\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">First, it's important to understand that “lymphoma” is not a single disease. It is an umbrella term covering more than 100 subtypes. Think of the word “fruit”: apples, bananas, and grapes are all fruit, but they are very different from one another.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The same is true for lymphoma. Indolent lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and many other subtypes can behave very differently. Traditional pathology helps identify what type of lymphoma is present, but in some cases it may not tell us the whole biological story.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Even within the same lymphoma subtype, tumors can differ at the molecular level. Genetic testing looks more deeply at the tumor's “genetic code” to identify abnormalities that may influence how quickly it grows, how aggressive it is, and—most importantly—what treatments it may be more likely to respond to.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is why lymphoma treatment should not follow a one-size-fits-all model. The goal is to build an individualized treatment plan around the specific features of each patient's disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Genetic Testing: A Personalized Road Map for Diagnosis and Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This “road map” can help answer three key questions:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>(1) Can We Make the Diagnosis More Precise?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lymphoma can sometimes be difficult to classify correctly at the initial diagnosis, especially when it arises in less common sites such as the eye, nose, or central nervous system. By analyzing the genetic features of tumor cells, genetic testing can provide additional information that helps doctors define the lymphoma subtype more precisely. The more accurate the starting point, the more confidently the treatment plan can be mapped out.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>(2) What Can Genetic Findings Tell Us About Prognosis?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Even among patients with the same diagnosis—for example, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma—some respond well to standard treatment and remain disease-free for years, while others are more likely to relapse. Part of that difference can be explained by the tumor's genetic features.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, the presence of MYC and BCL2 rearrangements—often referred to as a “double-hit” pattern—may indicate more aggressive disease and a less favorable prognosis. Knowing this early can help the care team assess risk more clearly and consider whether a more individualized treatment strategy is appropriate, rather than waiting until the disease relapses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>(3) Can Genetic Testing Help Guide Treatment Choices?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is one of the most practical reasons for doing genetic testing: it may reveal molecular targets that can help guide treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapy: For example, finding an MYD88 mutation may, in certain lymphoma settings, suggest potential sensitivity to a BTK inhibitor such as zanubrutinib. In other words, identifying a molecular “weak point” in the tumor may help doctors choose treatment more purposefully and reduce unnecessary trial-and-error.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Advanced therapies such as CAR-T: For patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, CAR-T cell therapy may offer another treatment option. Genetic testing can provide additional information about tumor biology that may help doctors assess the overall treatment strategy, anticipate response patterns and potential risks, and consider whether combination approaches may be appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Dynamic Monitoring: A Real-Time View of the Treatment Journey\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment decisions do not stop once therapy begins. During treatment and follow-up, a “liquid biopsy” using peripheral blood may be used to monitor changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">You can think of this as the “live traffic” function on a navigation app. In some settings, ctDNA can reveal molecular signs of recurrence before they become visible on conventional imaging such as CT, giving the medical team an opportunity to investigate further and adjust the treatment plan when appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Facing complex tests and an unfamiliar diagnosis can be overwhelming. But advances in modern medicine mean that many lymphoma subtypes can now be cured or controlled for long periods, and treatment options continue to expand.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genetic testing is one of the tools that can help bring greater clarity to that process. Its purpose is not simply to add another test, but to give patients and doctors more information for choosing a more individualized path forward.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">It helps move care from a broad, one-size-fits-all approach toward a treatment strategy designed around the individual patient. That is the goal of truly personalized medicine.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":218,"title":219,"summary":220,"cover":221,"category":159,"publishedAt":222,"contentHtml":223,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"beijing-gaobo-hospital-international-patient-care-event","Beijing GoBroad Hospital’s Thoracic Oncology & Tumor Immunotherapy Departments Host International Patient Care Event","The Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Tumor Immunotherapy at Beijing GoBroad Hospital hosted a special event for international patients, bringing patients, families, and care teams together through poetry, a cancer survivor’s story, and handmade cards.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F3b2e5752f8bd688ab0ac3e4cdf23dbbe.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-05-12","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: The Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Tumor Immunotherapy at Beijing GoBroad Hospital organized an in-person event centered on compassionate care for international patients. The program included a poetry reading offering encouragement, a cancer survivor advocate sharing a personal treatment journey, and handmade cards presented by a 13-year-old international patient. Beyond medical treatment, the event created a warm space for patients and families to feel supported and connected. Guided by the principle that “The Needs of the Patient Come First,” the departments continue to place humanistic care alongside professional treatment and precision oncology.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Care can be a bridge between patients and their medical teams. The Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Tumor Immunotherapy at Beijing GoBroad Hospital recently organized a warm, in-person gathering for international patients receiving care at the hospital. Doctors, nurses, patients, and family members came together outside the usual clinical setting to share encouragement, companionship, and moments of connection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The atmosphere was relaxed and welcoming, with conversation and laughter replacing the usual sounds of tests and treatment. The medical team thoughtfully planned a series of activities that combined health education with emotional support, giving everyone present a chance to experience care beyond the clinical setting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F547e887db2cfb2a46438263b6dde6fd8_20260914011154.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"547e887db2cfb2a46438263b6dde6fd8_20260914011154.png\" alt=\"577c02bf-14b9-48b1-bdf0-3930cd0e3c11.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Poetry and encouragement. The event opened with a heartfelt poetry reading, expressing respect for life, best wishes for patients, and determination in the face of cancer. The gentle but steady words offered encouragement and hope, while also helping patients and medical staff feel closer to one another.\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fd484b2436a30fed9dca8bf30271d08a0_20260914011206.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d484b2436a30fed9dca8bf30271d08a0_20260914011206.png\" alt=\"28e435de-d244-41df-b513-671ce7720246.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A survivor’s story. A cancer survivor advocate from China joined the event to share a personal treatment journey — from the uncertainty and fear that followed diagnosis, through the challenges of treatment, to a more positive and active life today. The story resonated with patients and families in the room and encouraged them to stay engaged with professional treatment while holding on to hope through difficult periods.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F3ba7123febf133400b6f33ef7950958c_20260914011218.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3ba7123febf133400b6f33ef7950958c_20260914011218.png\" alt=\"68d10eb4-15cb-4884-a43c-03b735c7275f.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A heartfelt gift from a young patient. One of the most touching moments came from a 13-year-old international patient, who had made a series of cards by hand. Each card included a photo taken with members of the medical team, capturing warm moments shared during treatment. The handwritten messages, filled with gratitude and childlike sincerity, deeply moved the doctors and nurses and became one of the most memorable parts of the event.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fa2390dbd4270b9b563571328b7866cf9_20260914011245.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"a2390dbd4270b9b563571328b7866cf9_20260914011245.png\" alt=\"2c61b63d-d9bd-49c6-8b87-d5ece8bfcd95.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More than a patient-care activity, the gathering became a shared moment of understanding between patients, families, and the medical team. From the poetry reading to the survivor’s story and the handmade cards, each part of the event reflected the team’s attention to the emotional as well as medical needs of patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F9b213c6ba1da9e569293923344bcacd5_20260914011257.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"9b213c6ba1da9e569293923344bcacd5_20260914011257.png\" alt=\"48a20d73-dea4-4fc0-8e15-279e25e2af85.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The departments have long followed the principle that “The Needs of the Patient Come First.” Alongside advancing clinical expertise and precision treatment, the team places strong emphasis on compassionate communication and support throughout the patient journey. This international patient care event offered another opportunity to bring that philosophy into everyday care, helping patients feel less alone and more supported during treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Looking ahead, Beijing GoBroad Hospital will continue to organize patient-centered activities alongside high-quality medical care. By combining professional expertise with empathy and ongoing support, the hospital hopes to accompany patients and families through every stage of treatment and recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":225,"title":226,"summary":227,"cover":228,"category":65,"publishedAt":229,"contentHtml":230,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"cell-therapy-choice-considerations-patients","When Cell Therapy Becomes an Option, What Should Patients Really Consider?","When considering cell therapy, the treatment itself is only part of the picture. The medical team's experience and ability to manage the entire treatment journey can be just as important to outcomes.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F74e65fe9e2820809e192966951acbc52.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-05-11","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: As cell therapies such as CAR-T become more widely available, patients may need to look beyond the technology itself when making treatment decisions. Cell therapy is not a single procedure. It is a complete care pathway that includes pre-treatment evaluation, treatment timing and coordination, management of adverse reactions, and long-term follow-up. A medical team's systematic clinical capabilities, accumulated experience, and track record of verifiable outcomes are therefore important factors for patients and families to consider.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Following widely reported CAR-T success stories such as Emily's, cell therapy has attracted growing attention worldwide because of its unique therapeutic potential. Today, patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and even certain autoimmune diseases may encounter cell therapy as a possible treatment option.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The arrival of new treatment technologies in clinical practice gives patients more options. At the same time, the field of cell therapy has entered a new stage of development: the question is no longer simply whether a center can offer the technology, but whether it can deliver the treatment in a standardized, consistent, and safe way. Greater standardization can help protect patient safety and support better long-term outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As the technology becomes more widely available, many patients naturally ask: what should I focus on when deciding whether and where to receive cell therapy?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At first, many patients focus on how advanced a technology is or where it is available. Once treatment actually begins, however, it often becomes clear that outcomes depend on much more than the technology itself.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Cell Therapy Is Not a Single Procedure - It Is an Entire Treatment Journey\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many people think of CAR-T and other cell therapies as a single cell infusion. For patients, however, the infusion is only one step in a much longer treatment process.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before treatment begins, doctors first assess the patient's current condition, disease status and progression, and previous treatment history to determine whether this treatment pathway is appropriate. The team then needs to plan the next steps, decide on the right timing, coordinate cell therapy with other treatments when necessary, adjust the plan as the disease changes, and complete key steps such as cell collection, manufacturing, and infusion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During treatment, patients may experience fever, inflammatory reactions such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurologic toxicities such as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), infections, and challenges related to immune recovery. These issues require ongoing assessment and timely management by the clinical team. After treatment, continued follow-up is also needed to monitor response and recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Each step is connected to the next, and each can influence the overall treatment course. That is why consistent, professional management across the full pathway matters at least as much as the cell infusion itself.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>If the Technology Is Similar, Why Can Patient Outcomes Still Differ?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As more patients receive CAR-T and other cell therapies, one thing has become increasingly clear: treatment experiences and outcomes can vary from one patient to another.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These differences often come down not just to the technology itself, but to how the treatment is delivered. Was the pre-treatment assessment thorough? Was the timing appropriate? Were adverse events recognized and managed quickly? Was follow-up consistent after treatment? Taken together, these details can make a meaningful difference.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In practical terms, patients are not choosing a single technology in isolation. They are choosing an entire system of clinical care capable of supporting that treatment safely and reliably.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>When Patients Make a Choice, What Are They Really Choosing?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients often start with questions such as: "Which technology is newer?" "Which treatment is more advanced?" or "Where can I receive it?" These are understandable questions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">But once the full treatment pathway is laid out, a more important question becomes clear: not simply whether a technology is available, but who can deliver it well. In other words, patients are choosing the medical team that will support and manage the entire course of treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Key capabilities of an experienced cell therapy team include:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Systematic risk assessment and patient stratification;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Appropriate treatment timing and individualized treatment planning;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Rapid recognition and effective management of unexpected adverse reactions;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dynamic treatment adjustment through multidisciplinary collaboration;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Structured long-term follow-up to monitor recovery after treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These capabilities may not always be immediately visible, but for patients they can matter more than how "new" a technology sounds. For complex diseases such as hematologic malignancies, the real decision is often not which single technology to choose, but which clinical team can manage risk across the entire treatment journey and deliver the plan consistently.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Are These Clinical Capabilities Built Over Time?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There are no shortcuts to clinical expertise. Accurate judgment and mature treatment pathways are built through repeated real-world experience. Patients differ in disease type, risk level, physical condition, and prior treatment, so clinicians must continually refine their decision-making and care processes in practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This experience is not built at one isolated step; it develops across the entire care pathway. According to the source article, GoBroad Healthcare Group has completed more than 5,000 CAR-T treatments. Across different diseases and risk groups, its clinical teams have developed structured treatment pathways and continued to refine how pre-treatment evaluation, treatment management, and post-treatment follow-up connect with one another.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As experience accumulates, assessment and decision-making can also begin earlier for some patients. For an experienced team, the goal is not simply to "treat earlier," but to identify sooner which patients may be suitable for cell therapy and to make the right decision at the right time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This does not mean that earlier is always better. The decision should be based on comprehensive evaluation, standardized management, and multidisciplinary judgment, so that patients who are truly suitable can receive treatment at the most appropriate stage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Look for Clinical Results That Can Be Evaluated and Verified\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients and families, trust should not be based on introductions alone. It is also important to look at real, verifiable clinical outcomes. Strong clinical experience means not only being able to deliver a technology in practice, but also having that work evaluated and recognized by the wider medical community.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At GoBroad Healthcare Group, this experience is supported by both a large clinical case base and an active research program. According to the source article, more than 60 studies related to cellular immunotherapy have been published in international medical journals including Nature Medicine, The Lancet Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, and Blood. Since 2018, more than 300 original studies have been selected for presentation at major international meetings such as ASH, ASCO, EHA, and EBMT, including more than 160 CAR-T-related studies. These ongoing clinical and scientific efforts provide additional, visible evidence of a team's ability to deliver treatment in a systematic and sustainable way.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">GoBroad's work in cell therapy spans different diseases and stages of treatment, gradually building a body of evidence from clinical practice through to mechanistic research. In relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies, teams have systematically explored sequential CD19\u002FCD22 and CD19\u002FCD20\u002FCD22 CAR-T strategies, including globally first clinical applications of related approaches in pediatric B-ALL and Burkitt lymphoma. In T-cell malignancies, a widely recognized therapeutic challenge, the team conducted a first-in-human Phase I study of CD7 CAR-T and was the first to report the clinical use of allogeneic CD5 CAR-T in relapsed or refractory T-ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the mechanistic level, the teams also reported the cellular and molecular features of immune dysregulation after CD5- or CD7-targeted CAR-T therapy, and identified an association between TP53 mutations and CD19-negative relapse after CD19 CAR-T treatment. Together, these studies have helped inform areas such as relapse-risk assessment, response evaluation, and planning of subsequent treatment strategies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As this work continues to be discussed and cited internationally, the related clinical pathways and treatment strategies are also being considered more broadly. This cycle - starting from clinical practice, generating evidence, and returning that evidence to patient care - helps validate and further refine accumulated experience. For patients, sustained clinical and research activity can therefore be another useful indicator of whether a team has stable, long-term treatment capabilities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>As the Field Evolves, the Fundamentals of Choosing Care Stay the Same\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cell therapy is no longer limited to hematologic malignancies. Research and clinical use are expanding into areas such as autoimmune diseases and solid tumors, which means more patients may encounter these therapies as potential treatment options in the future.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As the technology itself becomes more mature, differences in care will continue to depend heavily on clinical experience, treatment-process management, risk handling, and long-term follow-up.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Greater standardization across the field is good news for patients. It means stronger safety controls, more consistent treatment quality, and more complete management across the full care pathway. When making a decision, patients do not need to focus only on the technology itself. A more useful question is whether the team and hospital can safely, consistently, and responsibly manage the entire treatment journey.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Conclusion: What Should Patients Look for When Making a Decision?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients considering cell therapy, the key question is increasingly not simply "Can this be done?" but "Can this be done well?" Outcomes depend on multiple connected steps across the entire care pathway; the technology itself is only the starting point.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As cell therapy matures, experience, systems, and team capability are becoming increasingly important. Patients should look beyond whether a treatment is "new" and consider whether the assessment is thorough, the care pathway is well managed, and the clinical team can take responsibility for the full course of treatment. These are the factors that matter most as cell therapy moves into a more mature stage of clinical practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":232,"title":233,"summary":234,"cover":235,"category":65,"publishedAt":236,"contentHtml":237,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"gastrointestinal-cancer-early-screening-treatment","Dr. Jun ZHOU: Taking Charge of Your Health - A Practical Guide to Gastrointestinal Cancer","Dr. Jun ZHOU of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital emphasizes the importance of gastroscopy and colonoscopy for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discusses recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for gastric cancer.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F4c6988e8c9f2a9f14d5828adbfea1cc1.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-04-29","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Jun ZHOU, Deputy Medical Director and Director of Gastrointestinal Oncology at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, explains why early screening, diagnosis, and treatment matter in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy can help detect early gastric and colorectal cancers before obvious symptoms appear, and patients with stage I disease generally have more treatment options and better long-term outcomes after appropriate care. For locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, treatment has expanded beyond chemotherapy to include targeted therapies against HER2, CLDN18.2, FGFR2b, c-MET, and other targets, while immunotherapy-based combinations continue to broaden treatment possibilities for different groups of patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cancer rarely appears completely out of the blue. In many cases, there is a window of opportunity in which screening and early detection can make a meaningful difference. For gastrointestinal cancers in particular, gastroscopy and colonoscopy can help identify early lesions before clear symptoms develop. When symptoms do appear, the disease may already be locally advanced or metastatic, but that does not mean treatment options have run out. Advances in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other approaches are giving patients more ways to manage disease at different stages. Dr. Jun ZHOU, Deputy Medical Director and Director of Gastrointestinal Oncology at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, shares practical guidance on screening, diagnosis, and treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q1: Why are gastroscopy and colonoscopy so important for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Jun ZHOU: As Cancer Prevention and Control Awareness Week approaches, it is worth emphasizing three key principles in cancer care: early screening, early diagnosis, and early treatment. Screening is especially important for gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy are commonly used examinations that can help detect early gastric and colorectal cancers even when a person has no obvious symptoms.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In China, gastric cancer ranks fifth in incidence among malignant tumors and third in cancer-related mortality. Early gastric lesions detected through gastroscopy are often stage I or II and may be treated with endoscopic procedures or surgery, depending on the individual case. Patients with stage I disease generally have a relatively high 5-year survival rate after appropriate treatment. This is why timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment can make such an important difference.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q2: By the time gastric cancer causes obvious symptoms, what stage is it usually at? What treatment options may still be available?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Jun ZHOU: When patients first seek care because of clear symptoms, the disease is often already at a locally advanced or metastatic stage. Common symptoms can include upper abdominal discomfort, nausea or vomiting, a sensation of food sticking when swallowing, or signs of obstruction. Some patients may also develop symptoms related to distant metastases, such as abnormal liver function with liver involvement or bone pain with bone metastases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In these situations, systemic treatment can still play an important role. Perioperative or conversion treatment may help shrink or downstage the tumor in some patients, making surgery possible even when it was not an option at the initial assessment. For selected patients, this can help improve overall outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q3: What are some of the latest treatment advances for locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Jun ZHOU: If treatment cannot convert the disease to a stage where surgery is feasible, long-term, guideline-based systemic therapy can still help patients control the disease and improve survival. Chemotherapy remains an important foundation of treatment, but today's options extend well beyond chemotherapy alone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Gastric cancer treatment has increasingly moved into the era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Research that began with HER2 more than two decades ago has expanded to other targets, including CLDN18.2, FGFR2b, and c-MET. A growing number of drugs directed at these and other targets have been studied in gastric cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Therapies targeting HER2 and CLDN18.2 are now increasingly used or studied, including monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Immunotherapy has also become an important part of gastric cancer treatment, and CAR-T cell therapy is being actively explored in this field. Clinical experience and ongoing research suggest that combinations such as immunotherapy plus chemotherapy or targeted therapy may offer additional possibilities for improving outcomes in selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Cancer prevention and treatment are not a single step, but a continuum of early detection, timely intervention, and evidence-based care. Screening can help identify disease at an earlier, more treatable stage. Even when cancer is diagnosed at a later stage, standardized systemic therapy, evolving targeted and immune-based treatments, and carefully selected combination strategies can still offer meaningful opportunities to control disease and improve outcomes. The most important message for patients and families is to take screening seriously, seek medical evaluation when needed, and make treatment decisions together with an experienced clinical team.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":239,"title":240,"summary":241,"cover":242,"category":76,"publishedAt":243,"contentHtml":244,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"hematology-autoimmune-breakthrough-new-drugs-affordable-care","New Advances in Hematology and Autoimmune Care: New Therapies, New Drug Access and More Affordable, Patient-Friendly Care","A roundup of recent developments patients may want to know about, including CAR-T therapy for lupus, consolidation options for central nervous system lymphoma, low-dose CD7 CAR-T, a newly available pediatric leukemia CAR-T therapy, and the National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Annual Report (2024).","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F2f4cfdbac1388fe4ae409159e9d02162.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-04-28","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Recent developments in hematology and oncology include encouraging results with autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus, with the potential for sustained drug-free remission; evidence supporting autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a preferred consolidation option for chemosensitive relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma; a reported 92.5% overall response rate with low-dose CD7 CAR-T therapy in T-cell lymphoma; the first use in Beijing of the pediatric CAR-T product puzolcabtagene autoleucel, now included in Beijing Puhui Health Insurance special-drug coverage; and new national data showing a 76.42% overall 5-year survival rate for childhood cancer in China. Together, these updates offer patients and families a practical overview of recent progress in treatment and care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people living with blood disorders or cancer, advances in treatment and the arrival of new therapies can directly affect treatment options, quality of life, and access to care. Recent research findings, authoritative data releases and healthcare policy updates offer useful information for patients, families and healthcare professionals. Here is a concise roundup of several key developments, with a focus on what they may mean for patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Autologous CD19 CAR-T for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Step Toward Drug-Free Remission\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A team led by Dr. Jing PAN, who holds appointments at both the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, and Beijing GoBroad Hospital, together with Prof. Xiaoming Feng's team at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, recently published an important study in Molecular Therapy on autologous CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many people with SLE require long-term immunosuppressive therapy, which can bring cumulative side effects and still may not fully prevent disease flares. The study enrolled 18 patients who had not responded adequately to multiple immunosuppressive treatments, including 15 children, and treated them with autologous CD19 CAR-T cells. The safety profile was generally favorable, with mostly mild adverse effects. At 6 months, 14 patients had achieved remission, and most were able to stop immunosuppressive medication, suggesting a potential path toward sustained drug-free remission. (Source: BioArtMED)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F6d61e7488fa388ba6945a0b84fa56dc0_20260914020610.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6d61e7488fa388ba6945a0b84fa56dc0_20260914020610.png\" alt=\"28241cd8-7c69-4c4e-98e6-5768aa6be4d2.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Relapsed\u002FRefractory CNS Lymphoma: ASCT Remains a Preferred Consolidation Option for Chemosensitive Patients\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed or refractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) can be difficult to treat, and choosing the right consolidation strategy after a patient responds to salvage therapy is especially important. A recent study from Dr. Kai HU's team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital, published in Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, compared consolidation approaches in this setting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study included 60 patients who had regained complete remission and compared outcomes after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) versus CAR-T therapy as consolidation. Three-year progression-free survival was 80% in the ASCT group versus 64.8% in the CAR-T group, and the cumulative incidence of relapse or progression was lower with ASCT (20% vs. 30.2%). The benefit was particularly notable in patients with primary CNS lymphoma. In practical terms, ASCT remains a preferred consolidation option for eligible, chemosensitive patients, while CAR-T may be considered for patients who are not candidates for ASCT. (Source: Xueye Shixun)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Febc8b2d335a699b27241c868ce77acfe_20260914020629.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"ebc8b2d335a699b27241c868ce77acfe_20260914020629.png\" alt=\"4139ffa0-c848-4cc4-ae5c-2bb8a2e195ad.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Low-Dose CD7 CAR-T for Relapsed\u002FRefractory T-Cell Lymphoma: High Response Rate with Manageable Toxicity\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma remains challenging, particularly for patients with chemotherapy resistance, high tumor burden or rapidly progressive disease. Dr. Fan YANG from the team led by Dr. Kai HU at Beijing GoBroad Hospital recently published a study in Blood Cancer Journal exploring a low-dose CD7 CAR-T strategy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study enrolled 40 patients with difficult-to-treat disease and used a low dose of 1 x 10^5 (+\u002F-30%) CAR-T cells\u002Fkg. The overall response rate reached 92.5%, while the risk of severe infection was substantially reduced. A key goal of this strategy is to rapidly lower tumor burden and create a treatment window for patients to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Follow-up data showed improved 2-year survival among patients who bridged to transplant, offering another potential pathway for patients with otherwise very limited treatment options. (Source: Xueye Shixun)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F6e1164618cb5258dbcc57ec2744853da_20260914020645.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6e1164618cb5258dbcc57ec2744853da_20260914020645.png\" alt=\"b6c79bd5-62df-4ae4-be5a-5596ece5db8f.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Pediatric Leukemia: First Beijing Use of puzolcabtagene autoleucel\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Families of children with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) recently received an important new treatment update: puzolcabtagene autoleucel injection (brand name: Pulidekai®), China's first domestically developed Class 1 biologic CAR-T therapy approved for children and adolescents with this indication, has now been administered to a patient at Beijing GoBroad Hospital.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The treatment was delivered by the team led by Dr. Jing PAN, Director of the Department of Hemato-Oncology & Immunotherapy at Beijing GoBroad Hospital. The therapy has also been included in the special-drug coverage of Beijing Puhui Health Insurance, a city-customized supplementary commercial health insurance program. This may help reduce the financial burden of treatment and improve access for more eligible children and families. (Source: Beijing GoBroad Hospital)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F7ba343934d5612aebfd3d57d0c225f5d_20260914020712.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"7ba343934d5612aebfd3d57d0c225f5d_20260914020712.png\" alt=\"628244fc-f2c6-4571-8dc7-6ca73d44aa0d.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Annual Report (2024) Released\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On April 25, 2026, the National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance officially released the National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Annual Report (2024) at the China National Convention Center in Beijing. As one of China's most comprehensive and authoritative annual reports on childhood cancer surveillance, it provides important information relevant to diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation, long-term survival and family support.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fede5f29690952d1b587c3e56f0d40491_20260914020728.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"ede5f29690952d1b587c3e56f0d40491_20260914020728.png\" alt=\"4c46781d-b897-47f4-8dae-88e936fd1c15.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the report, the overall 5-year survival rate for childhood cancer in China has reached 76.42%. The surveillance network now covers 1,750 medical institutions across 29 provincial-level regions and includes data from more than 410,000 pediatric cancer patients. The report describes survival differences by cancer type, age and sex, and identifies the first year after diagnosis as a key window for improving long-term outcomes. It also places greater emphasis on long-term follow-up for childhood cancer survivors, including physical and mental health, late complications, psychological support and the financial burden on families. These data provide an important evidence base for childhood cancer care, rehabilitation services, charitable assistance and family support across China. (Sources: National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance, Xinhua News Agency and CCTV News)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":246,"title":247,"summary":248,"cover":249,"category":65,"publishedAt":243,"contentHtml":250,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"why-so-many-tests-for-blood-diseases","Why Are So Many Tests Needed for Blood Disorders? An Expert Explains 6 Core Tests and What Each One Tells Us","Why do people with blood disorders need so many different tests? Here is a patient-friendly guide to six core laboratory tests, what they look for, and how they differ.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F7f1464fdc29c243b8e6f477c04da3d6e.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Many patients and families wonder why the diagnostic process for a blood disorder may involve blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, flow cytometry, chromosome analysis, FISH, genetic testing, and more. Are these tests repeating the same thing? What does each one actually tell the doctor? Drawing on her clinical experience, Dr. Chunrong Tong of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains the MICM integrated diagnostic approach and introduces six core laboratory methods - morphology, pathology, flow cytometry, chromosome karyotyping, FISH, and genetic testing. Understanding how these methods complement one another can make it easier to see why each test may matter for diagnosis, treatment planning, and response assessment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>During the diagnostic process for a blood disorder, many families ask the same question: why are so many tests necessary? There may be blood draws, bone marrow procedures, and repeated samples sent to different laboratories - but what is each test looking for, and can any of them be skipped? In reality, blood disorders are usually diagnosed by combining information from multiple tests. A single method is often not enough to give a reliable answer. Here, Dr. Chunrong Tong of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains what the main laboratory tests are designed to show, along with their strengths and limitations.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When doctors order several tests for a suspected blood disorder, they are not simply repeating the same test in different forms. Each method looks at the disease from a different angle, and the results work together to build a more accurate diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In clinical practice, evaluation is often organized across five core laboratory areas - morphology, pathology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics, although laboratory names may vary by hospital. Together, these areas may include cell morphology and cytochemical staining, pathology and immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, chromosome karyotyping, FISH, genetic testing, and related methods.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 1: Cell Morphology and Cytochemical Staining\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is one of the most basic and fastest first steps in diagnosing hematologic malignancies. Put simply, a sample of bone marrow or blood is spread onto a glass slide, stained, and examined under a microscope so the doctor can directly assess what the cells look like.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Direct and visual. Some abnormal cells have distinctive features that an experienced specialist can recognize immediately, helping narrow the diagnostic possibilities very quickly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Often gives a reliable estimate of cell proportions. Morphology commonly uses the first pull of a bone marrow aspirate, which is placed directly onto a slide with minimal processing and usually less dilution by peripheral blood. Later samples used for flow cytometry, genetic testing, or chromosome analysis may come from subsequent aspirates and can sometimes show a lower proportion of abnormal cells than is actually present.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Provides important diagnostic clues. Morphology does more than separate normal-looking from abnormal-looking cells. It can point the team toward additional testing. For example, frequent mitotic figures may suggest rapid cell proliferation and prompt consideration of tests such as Ki-67. In some cases, blood or bone marrow smears may also show clues suggesting an infectious process.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Fast and relatively inexpensive. In some settings, results can be available within 20 to 30 minutes. The test uses routine stains rather than complex reagents, so it is generally one of the least costly laboratory methods.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The biggest limitation is that morphology depends heavily on the observer's eyes and experience. Diagnostic quality can vary depending on how many different types of cases the specialist has seen.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, two groups of cells may look very similar under the microscope and initially resemble lymphoma, yet the final diagnosis may turn out to be epidemic hemorrhagic fever, a viral infection. Without enough experience, the appearance alone could be misleading.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 2: Pathology and Immunohistochemistry\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Morphology looks at individual cells on a smear. Pathology and immunohistochemistry, by contrast, examine tissue - for example, a lymph node or tumor biopsy that is processed into thin sections and viewed under a microscope.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Tissue is fixed promptly, helping preserve information. A biopsy specimen is usually placed in formalin soon after it is obtained, so much of the cellular and structural information is retained. Some other testing methods require more cell processing, during which certain information may be lost.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Can provide a more representative view of how much of the tissue is malignant. Because the pathologist examines an intact tissue section, it may more accurately show the proportion and distribution of tumor cells within that tissue.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Useful for cells that are difficult to obtain by aspiration, uncommon, or large. Examples include myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, lymphoma - especially Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) - metastatic carcinoma, histiocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells may be scarce or absent in bone marrow aspirate fluid but visible in a tissue section.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Shows tissue architecture and where abnormal cells are located. This is especially important in lymphoma because the pattern and organization of cells can be part of the diagnosis. Mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, for example, have characteristic tissue patterns that can be seen on pathology sections but cannot be fully assessed by flow cytometry or genetic testing alone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Slower, and still influenced by the pathologist's experience and knowledge. Tissue must be fixed, embedded, sectioned, and stained, so the process takes longer than preparing a blood or bone marrow smear.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Some abnormalities are difficult to identify when tissue architecture is largely preserved, the cells show only subtle morphologic changes, or malignant cells make up only a small proportion of the sample.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Sampling error is possible. Some malignant cells mainly circulate in body fluids, making it difficult to obtain representative tissue. And if a biopsy misses the area containing tumor cells, the result may be negative even though disease is present elsewhere.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 3: Flow Cytometry (FCM)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Flow cytometry is one of the core technologies used in diagnosing hematologic malignancies. It differs from routine immunohistochemistry: conventional immunohistochemistry usually evaluates markers on tissue sections, while flow cytometry suspends cells in fluid and passes them through an instrument one by one, allowing multiple markers to be measured on each cell at the same time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Fast, practical, and information-rich. In some laboratories, a report can be available within about two hours. Tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of cells can be assessed in one run, with many markers and multiple parameters analyzed simultaneously, giving flow cytometry high sensitivity and broad coverage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Helps distinguish normal from malignant cells and identify cell lineage and maturation. For example, two patients may both have a morphology report showing '8% blasts' after treatment. Morphology alone may not tell whether those blasts are normal regenerating cells or residual leukemia cells. Flow cytometry can often make that distinction more clearly. This is one reason it is among the most widely used methods for measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Can help identify immunotherapy targets and monitor treatment response. Targets such as CD19, CD20, and BCMA are commonly assessed by flow cytometry to determine whether they are expressed on the abnormal cells. If the target is present, a corresponding CAR-T therapy or antibody-based treatment may be considered. Flow cytometry can also track changes during treatment, assess response, and show whether a target has been lost.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. It does not show tissue architecture. Because tissue is broken down into individual cells for flow cytometry, the test cannot show how those cells were originally arranged, whether they formed nodules, or whether they invaded a capsule. For diseases such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), where tissue structure matters, flow cytometry cannot replace pathology.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Some cells are easily lost during processing. Cells from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), erythroblasts, and certain other cell types may break apart or be lost during staining and washing. As a result, the tumor-cell percentage reported by flow cytometry can sometimes be lower than the true proportion. For some diseases, including M6 erythroleukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), morphology may provide advantages that flow cytometry does not.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Samples need to be processed quickly. Aspirates, biopsy material, and body-fluid specimens generally need prompt handling; prolonged delays can reduce cell viability and affect accuracy. This places high demands on coordination between the clinical team and laboratory.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. The technique requires substantial expertise. Antibody selection, panel design, instrument setup, and data interpretation all require experience and specialized knowledge. The same specimen can be interpreted differently depending on technical quality and expertise.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">5. Its prognostic value is generally less direct than that of chromosome and molecular genetic findings.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 4: Chromosome Karyotyping\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chromosomes carry much of the genetic information inside our cells. Karyotyping uses a microscope to examine chromosome number and structure - for example, whether a chromosome is missing or duplicated, or whether two chromosomes have exchanged segments in a translocation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Provides independent diagnostic and prognostic information. Certain chromosome abnormalities are hallmarks of specific blood cancers. For example, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, involving a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, while acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL\u002FM3) is characterized by a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. Chromosome abnormalities can also provide important information about prognosis and relapse risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Can reveal broader, previously unsuspected abnormalities. Karyotyping gives a 'big-picture' view of the chromosomes. Even if the specific gene involved is not yet known, a structural chromosome change may still be visible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Results take time. Cells usually need to be cultured and allowed to divide before the chromosomes can be examined, so testing commonly takes about 7 to 14 days.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Interpretation is highly dependent on technical expertise. Chromosomes must be recognized and analyzed visually, so experienced laboratory staff are essential.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. If malignant cells do not divide, the result may be falsely negative. Karyotyping requires cells to reach metaphase. If tumor cells do not divide well in culture, or too few of them divide, an abnormality may not be detected even when it is present.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Sensitivity is relatively low. Only a limited number of cells are analyzed. When malignant cells make up less than about 5% to 10% of the sample, abnormalities may be missed. For this reason, karyotyping is not well suited to MRD monitoring.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 5: FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">FISH can be thought of as a more targeted way to look for specific chromosome or gene-region abnormalities. Fluorescent probes are designed to bind to selected chromosome or gene locations, producing visible signals when the target is present or rearranged.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Provides independent diagnostic and prognostic information. When a particular chromosome abnormality is already known to be clinically relevant, FISH can help confirm it.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Can detect abnormalities that are too small to distinguish clearly under a standard microscope. A targeted fluorescent probe may identify changes that conventional karyotyping cannot resolve.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Does not require dividing cells. Unlike karyotyping, FISH can be performed without waiting for cells to grow and enter mitosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. More cells can be analyzed, improving sensitivity. Hundreds of cells can be reviewed in a single test, allowing a more representative estimate of how many cells carry the abnormality. For residual leukemia, FISH is generally more sensitive than conventional karyotyping.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">5. Faster turnaround and somewhat less dependence on visual pattern recognition. Results are often available within 1 to 2 days, and the fluorescent signals can be directly counted.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">6. Can sometimes be performed retrospectively. Previously prepared bone marrow slides or paraffin-embedded tissue sections may be suitable for FISH, which can help clarify or revisit a diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Probes are costly, and each probe usually tests only one or a small number of specific abnormalities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. FISH can only look for abnormalities the laboratory has chosen to target. The probe has to be designed for a known abnormality, so unexpected changes may be missed. In simple terms, karyotyping provides a broader overview, while FISH performs a focused search.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Method 6: Genetic Testing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genetic testing looks at disease at the DNA and RNA level - for example, whether a gene carries a mutation or fusion, or whether a particular gene is being expressed at an abnormal level.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Advantages\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Provides independent diagnostic and prognostic information. Many gene abnormalities can serve as disease-defining markers, including NPM1 mutations and biallelic CEBPA mutations. Molecular findings can also help refine risk classification.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Can detect abnormalities that chromosome analysis and FISH may miss. Some gene changes are too small to alter chromosome structure and are not covered by available FISH probes. Sequencing and other molecular methods can identify these changes. Combining chromosome analysis, FISH, and genetic testing can provide a more complete picture of prognosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Turnaround is generally shorter than conventional chromosome analysis for many molecular tests, with results often available within 1 to 2 weeks.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Results are somewhat less dependent on an individual observer's visual experience, provided the laboratory uses standardized procedures and strict quality control.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">5. Can provide highly sensitive MRD monitoring for patients with trackable molecular markers. PCR or sequencing can follow specific mutations or fusion genes over time, with sensitivity reaching approximately 1 in 10,000 or even 1 in 100,000 cells in appropriate settings.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Limitations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Laboratory design, processing, and data analysis must be of very high quality. Molecular testing involves many steps and large amounts of data, so problems at any stage can affect accuracy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. It cannot diagnose every blood cancer on its own. Not all hematologic malignancies have a known or detectable driver abnormality, so morphology, flow cytometry, chromosome analysis, pathology, and other methods may still be essential.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At this point, you may be wondering: if all six tests have been completed, is that enough? Not always. Beyond these core laboratory tests within an integrated MICM evaluation, two other types of assessment may also be important during the course of care. One is pathogen testing, which helps determine whether viral or bacterial infections - such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - are affecting the patient's condition. The other is therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic testing, which can help doctors individualize medication use, improve effectiveness, and reduce toxicity risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The key point is that no single test can answer every question. Doctors need to integrate information from several dimensions to diagnose the disease more accurately, choose treatment, and assess response. Understanding what each test can and cannot tell you can also make the diagnostic and treatment process easier for patients and families to follow.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Disclaimer: Expert opinions are provided for general reference only. Please consult your treating physician for advice specific to your condition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":252,"title":253,"summary":254,"cover":255,"category":76,"publishedAt":256,"contentHtml":257,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"cd19-car-t-sle-clinical-trial-results","International Journal Publication | Dr. Jing PAN and Prof. Xiaoming Feng's Teams Report Phase 1\u002F2 Trial of Autologous CD19 CAR-T Therapy in Pediatric and Adult SLE","The teams led by Dr. Jing PAN and Prof. Xiaoming Feng published phase 1\u002F2 trial results in Molecular Therapy, showing that autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy enabled most patients with SLE to achieve deep remission without ongoing immunosuppressive treatment.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F4b33fd7abbb0314fa1ccf58a7ea6e1b0.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-04-27","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: The team led by Dr. Jing PAN at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, together with Prof. Xiaoming Feng's team at Hangzhou Normal University, published the results of a phase 1\u002F2 clinical trial of autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy in pediatric and adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Molecular Therapy. The study enrolled 18 patients, including 15 children. At month 6, 14 patients achieved DORIS-defined remission; among the 15 pediatric patients, 11 achieved DORIS remission. Anti-dsDNA antibodies became negative in 88.9% of patients who were positive at baseline. The safety profile was generally favorable, with only mild cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity reported and no grade 3 or higher infections. The findings provide important clinical evidence supporting the potential of CD19 CAR-T therapy to help some patients with SLE achieve sustained remission without long-term immunosuppressive medication.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), long-term dependence on immunosuppressive therapy can bring cumulative toxicity, while disease flares may still recur. Achieving durable remission without continuous medication therefore remains an important unmet need in SLE care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, the team led by Dr. Jing PAN, who holds appointments at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, and Beijing GoBroad Hospital, collaborated with Prof. Xiaoming Feng's team at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, to publish a study in Molecular Therapy titled "Autologous CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for pediatric and adult systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1\u002F2 trial." The study reports detailed safety and efficacy data from a phase 1\u002F2 clinical trial of autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy in pediatric and adult patients with SLE. The results suggest that CD19 CAR-T therapy can induce deep clinical remission in many patients after immunosuppressive drugs are discontinued, supporting further exploration of sustained medication-free remission.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F413a546f870a180cebe9eb1ec120ba82_20260914005010.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"413a546f870a180cebe9eb1ec120ba82_20260914005010.png\" alt=\"50328c28-144e-46cd-b2ce-fd56334bb4a2.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. Its pathogenesis is driven in part by abnormally active autoreactive B cells, which continuously produce autoantibodies against nuclear antigens such as double-stranded DNA. This immune dysregulation can trigger systemic inflammation and progressive tissue damage involving organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin. Pediatric SLE is often more severe than adult-onset disease. To maintain disease control, many patients require long-term or even lifelong glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive therapies, which can increase the risk of infection and other complications; in children, prolonged treatment may also affect growth and development. Although B-cell-targeted monoclonal antibodies are available, durable medication-free remission remains difficult to achieve. In recent years, CAR-T therapy has shown strong clinical activity in hematologic malignancies and is increasingly being explored in autoimmune diseases. However, previous studies in SLE have generally involved small numbers of patients, creating a need for larger and more rigorous clinical trials to better define who may benefit and how durable the effect may be.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study had two stages: dose escalation (phase 1) and dose expansion (phase 2). The main endpoints in phase 1 were the type and incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) within 28 days after infusion, as well as the severity and incidence of adverse events (AEs) within 30 days. In phase 2, the primary endpoints were objective response rates at months 3 and 6, defined by the proportion of participants achieving an SRI-4 response. To identify an appropriate treatment dose while balancing safety and efficacy, the investigators used the TITE-BOIN12 trial design.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A total of 18 patients with SLE were enrolled. All had previously failed at least two immunosuppressive therapies, such as glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, or belimumab. The cohort included 15 children and 3 adults and represented a broad range of disease manifestations: 8 patients had lupus nephritis (LN), 2 had autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and 1 had immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To explore the value of earlier intervention, the study also included 3 patients with relatively low baseline disease activity (SLEDAI-2K score <4) but a high level of medication dependence. The starting dose in phase 1 was 1 x 10^6 CAR-T cells\u002Fkg. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed at this dose, and it received the highest overall benefit-risk score under the TITE-BOIN12 algorithm. It was therefore selected as the recommended phase 2 dose.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this SLE study, treatment-related immune toxicity was generally mild. Thirteen patients developed grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), mainly presenting as fever. Three patients experienced mild grade 1 neurotoxicity (ICANS), including headache. No grade 3 or higher infections were reported. Fifteen patients developed grade 3 or higher cytopenias, but all subsequently recovered to grade 2 or lower.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among the 15 evaluable patients with baseline SLEDAI-2K scores >=4, 12 achieved an SRI-4 response at month 6. Across all 18 patients, 14 achieved DORIS-defined remission at month 6, 2 reached lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), and 2 did not respond. The cohort was predominantly pediatric: among the 15 children, 11 achieved DORIS remission, 2 reached LLDAS, and 2 did not respond at month 6. Among the 8 patients with lupus nephritis, 5 achieved DORIS remission, 1 reached LLDAS, and 2 did not respond. Some patients with class IV-V lupus nephritis who had not responded at month 3 showed improvement by month 6. Among 7 patients with proteinuria at baseline, 4 had proteinuria levels fall below 0.5 g\u002F24 h by month 6. In all 4 patients with low complement levels at baseline, C3 and\u002For C4 returned to the normal range within 30 days. Of 9 patients who were positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies at baseline, 8 became negative, and 7 remained negative during follow-up. With a median follow-up of 10.2 months, 13 of the 14 patients who initially achieved DORIS remission, together with both patients who reached LLDAS, maintained remission or low disease activity without ongoing immunosuppressive therapy; one patient experienced disease relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Overall, this phase 1\u002F2 trial - which included patients with manifestations such as ITP, AIHA, and lupus nephritis - provides preliminary evidence that autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy can be both feasible and effective in SLE. The findings also suggest that cellular therapy before irreversible organ damage develops may help slow disease progression and reduce patients' long-term exposure to immunosuppressive treatment and its associated toxicity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":259,"title":260,"summary":261,"cover":262,"category":76,"publishedAt":256,"contentHtml":263,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"asct-vs-car-t-consolidation-cns-lymphoma","International Journal Publication | Dr. Kai HU's Team: ASCT Associated with Better PFS Than CAR-T as Consolidation in R\u002FR CNSL Patients Who Regain Complete Remission","A study from Dr. Kai HU's team found that among chemosensitive patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma who regained complete remission, ASCT consolidation was associated with better 3-year progression-free survival than CAR-T therapy and a lower relapse rate.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F201d3d670a2924ce5fb14a8c866fe0f0.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Kai HU's team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a study in Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy comparing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with CAR-T cell therapy as consolidation in patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) who had regained complete remission. The study included 60 patients. Three-year progression-free survival was significantly higher in the ASCT group than in the CAR-T group (80% vs. 64.8%), and the cumulative incidence of relapse\u002Fprogression was lower (20% vs. 30.2%). The findings provide useful evidence to support consolidation-treatment decisions in this setting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) is difficult to treat, and outcomes can vary considerably depending on a range of clinical factors. For some patients who respond to salvage therapy and regain remission, guideline-based care commonly includes autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as consolidation. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has also shown encouraging activity with manageable toxicity in R\u002FR CNSL. This has raised an important clinical question: for patients whose disease remains chemosensitive and who regain remission after relapse, can CAR-T consolidation achieve outcomes comparable to ASCT? Evidence directly comparing the two approaches has been limited.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, Dr. Kai HU's team from the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a paper in Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy titled "Outcomes in patients with refractory\u002Frelapsed CNS lymphoma treated in complete remission: autologous transplantation vs. CAR-T therapy." Dr. Fan YANG was the first author. The study addresses this clinical question and provides new evidence to help guide consolidation choices for R\u002FR CNSL patients who have regained complete remission.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Kai HU explained: Relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma is particularly challenging to treat. For patients whose disease remains chemosensitive and who can still achieve complete remission, the choice of consolidation therapy is critical. A practical question in clinical care is whether CAR-T consolidation can achieve a depth and durability of remission comparable to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), thereby reducing the risk of later relapse and supporting long-term survival. To explore this question, Dr. Fan YANG and the team retrospectively analyzed 60 patients with R\u002FR CNSL who regained complete remission after chemotherapy. Among them, 42 patients (70%) had primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), while 18 (30%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with secondary CNS involvement. The study compared survival outcomes and relapse rates after subsequent ASCT or CAR-T consolidation. Patients who had previously undergone ASCT were excluded.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Key Findings\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Compared with CAR-T, ASCT Consolidation Was Associated with Better 3-Year PFS and a Lower Cumulative Incidence of Relapse\u002FProgression\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The median follow-up was 12.1 months (range, 1.28-59.9 months). Compared with the CAR-T group, patients who received ASCT while in complete remission had superior progression-free survival (PFS): 3-year PFS was 80% (95% CI, 48.4%-93.4%) with ASCT versus 64.8% (95% CI, 38.9%-81.9%) with CAR-T (P=0.026). The cumulative incidence of relapse\u002Fprogression was also lower: 20% (95% CI, 4.12%-44.39%) versus 30.2% (95% CI, 11.0%-52.2%) at 3 years (P=0.038). Among patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), 2-year PFS was significantly higher in the ASCT group [92.9% (95% CI, 59.1%-99.9%) vs. 65.7% (95% CI, 31.0%-86.0%); P=0.026]. Among patients with secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL), 2-year PFS and overall survival (OS) numerically favored ASCT, although the differences were not statistically significant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F999d5546e64c2d0362d8984f70e058d0_20260914003942.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"999d5546e64c2d0362d8984f70e058d0_20260914003942.png\" alt=\"31a33058-2498-4e7a-a4f3-f927c9d5ac35.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. CAR-T Cell Expansion Was Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid, with a Manageable Safety Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The median CAR-T cell dose infused was 1.75 x 10^6 cells\u002Fkg (range, 0.16 x 10^6 to 10 x 10^6 cells\u002Fkg). Marked expansion of CAR-T cells in peripheral blood was observed in 36 of 37 patients after infusion (Figure 2A). The median peak level of CD19+ CAR-T cells was 7,465 lentiviral copies\u002Fμg DNA (range, 1,246-36,107), with a median time to peak of 10 days (range, 6-28 days). Cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 10 patients after infusion (Figure 2B), and CAR-T cells were detected in four. The peak level of CD19+ CAR-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid was 2,415 lentiviral copies\u002Fμg DNA (range, 81-2,914 copies\u002Fμg DNA).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F3491f83f0b053741fc962f20fa35d062_20260914003958.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3491f83f0b053741fc962f20fa35d062_20260914003958.png\" alt=\"14d35ed5-25f5-426c-9f23-9c3711f4504f.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 2\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The most common adverse event was neutropenia, reported in 57 patients (95%), followed by infection in 34 patients (56.7%) and hypogammaglobulinemia in 28 patients (46.7%). In the CAR-T group, six patients (22.3%) developed grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and three (11.1%) experienced grade 1-2 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Overall, the safety profile was considered manageable.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Both ASCT and CAR-T Consolidation Showed Signals of Disease Control in Patients with TP53 or MYD88\u002FCD79B Alterations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among patients with these molecular alterations who received ASCT (n=7) or CAR-T therapy (n=11) after achieving complete remission, all patients in the ASCT group with detectable TP53 or MYD88\u002FCD79B alterations were alive at the time of analysis. Among patients with TP53 alterations, one experienced disease progression and two remained in complete remission. Among those with MYD88\u002FCD79B alterations, one progressed and the remaining nine were in complete remission. In the CAR-T group, all five patients with TP53 alterations were alive; one experienced progression and four remained in complete remission. Among 16 patients with MYD88\u002FCD79B alterations, one died after disease progression, two were alive with active disease, and 13 remained in complete remission. Larger studies are needed to better understand how consolidation therapy may affect outcomes in molecularly defined subgroups.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The team's preliminary findings suggest that ASCT remains a preferred consolidation strategy for R\u002FR CNSL patients who are sensitive to second-line chemotherapy and achieve complete remission. For patients who are in complete remission but are not eligible for ASCT, CAR-T therapy may be a potentially feasible consolidation option.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Kai HU noted that the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital has accumulated substantial experience with CAR-T therapy for central nervous system lymphoma. As CAR-T use expands in real-world practice, clinicians are encountering increasingly complex treatment decisions. Identifying the right timing for CAR-T and developing individualized, precise, and longitudinal management strategies remain important priorities in hematologic oncology. In the future, integrated clinical, pathologic, molecular, and imaging assessments may help identify R\u002FR CNSL patients who are unlikely to benefit from conventional treatment but may benefit from precision CAR-T strategies. Tools such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring may also help detect signs of relapse earlier and support more timely intervention, with the goal of extending survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":265,"title":266,"summary":267,"cover":268,"category":65,"publishedAt":269,"contentHtml":270,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"lung-cancer-precision-prevention-treatment-guide","Dr. Shuang LI Explains Precision Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer","Dr. Shuang LI answers key questions about who should be screened for lung cancer, the role of annual low-dose CT, precision treatment options, participation in clinical trials, and multidisciplinary team (MDT) care.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ffe972f01906240619fae3f376fac5566.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-04-17","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Early screening and treatment are central to lung cancer prevention and control. Dr. Shuang LI of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, addresses four questions patients commonly ask. People at higher risk - including those aged 50 or older with a long smoking history, a family history of lung cancer, or long-term exposure to cooking fumes - should pay particular attention to regular low-dose CT screening. Lung cancer treatment has entered an era of increasingly individualized, precision care: pathologic subtype should be established first, followed by molecular testing when appropriate. Treatment options now include targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), PD-1\u002FPD-L1 immunotherapy, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and other approaches. Clinical trials vary by development stage, and patients can discuss potentially suitable studies with their treating physicians. MDT care brings together specialists from different disciplines to develop an individualized treatment plan and support whole-course management.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q1: Why is early lung cancer screening so important? Who should pay particular attention to screening, what screening method is recommended, and what should you do if a pulmonary nodule is found?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">       \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Shuang LI: Early screening is one of the most important tools for lung cancer prevention and control. People at higher risk who should be especially alert and consider regular screening include those aged 50 or older, people with a long-term smoking history or significant secondhand-smoke exposure, those with long-term occupational or environmental exposure to carcinogens such as dust or asbestos, and people with a family history of lung cancer in a parent or child. For Chinese women in particular, long-term exposure to cooking fumes may also be an important risk factor to consider. The screening method currently recommended is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). LDCT can identify many pulmonary nodules, but not every nodule is lung cancer. Doctors assess the size and appearance of a nodule and, importantly, how it changes over time to help determine whether it is more likely benign or suspicious for cancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If a pulmonary nodule is detected on low-dose CT, it is important to seek medical evaluation promptly so that a specialist can determine whether further testing, surveillance, or treatment is needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q2: What major advances have been made in lung cancer treatment in recent years? What treatment options are now available?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">              \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Shuang LI: Lung cancer has seen a particularly rapid pace of progress over the past two decades, with many new medicines, technologies, and treatment strategies emerging. The first point to understand is that lung cancer is not a single disease. Treatment has moved firmly toward individualized, precision care, which means an accurate diagnosis must come first. Clinically, the first step is to determine the pathologic type - for example, whether the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). For NSCLC, molecular testing is also important to identify actionable driver alterations that may guide treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lung cancer treatment now goes far beyond conventional chemotherapy. Options can include small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with suitable molecular targets, PD-1\u002FPD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, and bispecific antibodies such as PD-1\u002FCTLA-4- or PD-1\u002FVEGF-directed agents. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have also become an important area of development, including HER2-directed ADCs. Overall, treatment may involve chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, ADCs, anti-angiogenic approaches such as VEGF-directed treatment, bispecific antibodies, and other emerging multi-specific strategies, depending on the individual patient's disease characteristics.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q3: How should patients understand and evaluate clinical trials? What can participating in a trial mean for them?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Shuang LI: Clinical trials attract a great deal of interest, but it is important to understand that Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III studies have different purposes. Some trials evaluate new uses of medicines that are already approved and have accumulated substantial safety and efficacy data. These studies may focus on expanding indications, optimizing treatment strategies, or exploring whether a drug can provide benefit in a new clinical setting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Other trials study medicines before they are approved for routine use and are designed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness in people at different stages of development. For patients considering a clinical trial, an important first step is to understand the question the study is designed to answer. Trials of investigational therapies may explore new targets, new treatment combinations, or innovative medicines, and can provide another potential treatment option for eligible patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For most patients and families without a medical background, the best approach is to discuss clinical-trial options directly with the treating physician and identify studies that are genuinely appropriate for the patient's condition. For people with limited standard treatment options, some early-phase studies may provide access to new therapeutic approaches and may also reduce some treatment-related financial burden. Phase III trials may also offer earlier access to newer treatment strategies that have not yet been incorporated into routine clinical guidelines. Whether a trial is suitable should always be assessed on an individual basis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Q4: This year's Cancer Prevention and Control Awareness Week emphasizes that "integration is key." How does this relate to the multidisciplinary team, or MDT, model?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Shuang LI: The core idea is that cancer care often requires specialists from multiple disciplines to work together - what we commonly call an MDT approach. Imaging specialists assess radiologic findings, while pathologists establish the pathologic diagnosis, including key molecular pathology results. Surgeons evaluate whether an operation is appropriate and, if so, the best timing. Medical oncologists develop systemic treatment plans, including whether a patient needs neoadjuvant therapy, first-line treatment for advanced disease, targeted therapy, or chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. If radiotherapy is needed, the team must also decide where it fits into the overall plan and whether the goal is curative or palliative. Other specialists may also be involved when patients have conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, or diabetes. By considering the cancer stage together with the patient's overall health and coexisting conditions, the MDT can develop a more complete, standardized, and individualized treatment plan and support whole-course cancer care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Cancer prevention and treatment cover many different tumor types. Beyond lung cancer, gastrointestinal health also deserves attention, including appropriate screening for gastric disease and cancer and long-term management across the full course of care.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":61,"title":62,"summary":63,"cover":64,"category":65,"publishedAt":66,"contentHtml":67,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},{"slug":273,"title":274,"summary":275,"cover":276,"category":76,"publishedAt":277,"contentHtml":278,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"low-dose-cd7-car-t-t-cell-lymphoma-clinical-study","International Journal Publication | Team Led by Dr. Kai Hu and Dr. Fan Yang Reports Phase I and Long-Term Follow-Up Data on Low-Dose CD7 CAR-T for Relapsed\u002FRefractory T-Cell Lymphoma","Dr. Kai Hu and Dr. Fan Yang's team published a study in Blood Cancer Journal showing that low-dose CD7 CAR-T maintained high response rates while reducing myelosuppressive toxicity.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F5f5846b9fe622b6bf1150e899c82c654.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-04-10","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Fan Yang from Dr. Kai Hu's team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a study in Blood Cancer Journal reporting Phase I clinical trial data and two-year follow-up results for low-dose CD7 CAR-T cell therapy in 40 patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma. The low-dose strategy maintained a high response rate (ORR 92.5%; CR 77.5%) while reducing myelosuppressive toxicity. The study also showed that patients who achieved a response and then proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) had longer survival. The two-year PFS and OS rates were reported as 40.1% and 53.7%, respectively.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has become increasingly established in B-cell lymphoma, and clinical research on CD7-targeted CAR-T therapy for relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma has also expanded. Early studies have shown high short-term response rates with CD7 CAR-T. At the same time, prolonged post-treatment myelosuppression has been a concern because it can increase the risk of complications such as infection and may prevent some patients from proceeding to allo-HSCT. So how can clinicians preserve the high response rate of CD7 CAR-T while reducing later hematologic toxicity?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, Dr. Fan Yang from the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital, working with Dr. Kai Hu's team, published a paper in Blood Cancer Journal titled "Low-dose CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphomas: a single-arm, open-label, phase Ia\u002FIb study." The paper reports the team's Phase I study and long-term follow-up of low-dose CD7 CAR-T therapy in relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Kai Hu explained that relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma remains difficult to treat. For many patients, achieving another remission and then proceeding to allo-HSCT is an important route toward longer survival and potential cure. However, these patients are often highly resistant to chemotherapy, may be critically ill, have a high tumor burden, and face complications such as infection. Without an effective way to induce remission, many are not in a condition to undergo allo-HSCT. Preclinical and early clinical studies have demonstrated high initial response rates with CD7 CAR-T, but have also reported prolonged suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis after treatment. To address this, our team conducted a Phase Ia dose-escalation study followed by a Phase Ib dose-expansion study, lowering the infused dose of CD7 CAR-T cells to explore whether a lower dose could preserve clinical activity while reducing adverse effects. We also report two-year follow-up data from the study.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study enrolled 40 patients with highly complex, refractory disease (median age 32 years; range 18-72). Thirty-five had T-lymphoblastic leukemia\u002Flymphoma and five had mature T-cell lymphoma. Patients had received a median of three prior lines of therapy (range 2-4), and 22 (55%) had previously undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 17 allo-HSCT and 5 autologous HSCT. Overall, 27.5% had bone marrow blasts above 25%, and 25% had central nervous system involvement. Phase Ia used a 3+3 dose-escalation design with three dose levels: 1 × 10⁴, 5 × 10⁴, and 1 × 10⁵ (±30%) CAR-T cells\u002Fkg. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in the nine Phase Ia patients. In Phase Ib, 31 patients received 1 × 10⁵ (±30%) CAR-T cells\u002Fkg as the expansion dose.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Key Findings\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Low-dose CD7 CAR-T showed robust in vivo expansion with manageable adverse events, although cytopenias remained an important concern\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CD7 CAR-T cells expanded well in vivo. By flow cytometry (Figure 1A), the median time to peak expansion was day 14 after infusion (range 7-30 days), with a median peripheral-blood count of 82.1 × 10⁶\u002FL (range 0.643-734). CAR transgene copies remained detectable by PCR for up to 396 days (Figure 1B). Among 10 patients with central nervous system involvement, CAR gene copies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 7 patients (Figure 1C). Expansion did not differ significantly according to treatment response or whether the CAR-T cells were autologous or donor-derived.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F26762ecd8a6ed27573fc577a00c8565d_20260914005538.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"26762ecd8a6ed27573fc577a00c8565d_20260914005538.png\" alt=\"ede7d061-8b45-4f82-af29-acd06a47f239.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 92.5% of patients, with only two cases of grade 3 CRS. Two patients developed immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), one grade 1 and one grade 4. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities: grade ≥3 neutropenia occurred in 97.5% (39\u002F40) and grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia in 85% (34\u002F40). In some patients with delayed blood count recovery after donor-derived CD7 CAR-T, infusion of purified donor CD34+ cells successfully supported hematopoietic recovery. Within 30 days, 30% of patients (12\u002F40) developed infections, including 7 grade 3 infections. Among patients who had previously undergone HSCT, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) occurred in 23.5% (4\u002F17), all grade 1. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurred in 30.8% (4\u002F13), including one case of grade 3 extensive cGVHD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Low-dose CD7 CAR-T produced high response rates, including in patients with extranodal disease and central nervous system involvement\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Across all dose levels, the overall response rate (ORR) was 92.5% (37\u002F40), with a complete response (CR) rate of 77.5% (31\u002F40). In the Phase Ib cohort (n=31), the ORR was 93.5% (29\u002F31) and the CR rate was 80.6% (25\u002F31). All five patients with mature T-cell lymphoma responded: two achieved partial response (PR) and three achieved CR. Among 17 patients who relapsed after HSCT and received donor-derived CAR-T cells, the ORR was 100% (14 CR, 3 PR). Response rates also remained high in patients with extranodal disease (90.6%, 29\u002F32) and those with central nervous system involvement (100%, 6\u002F6).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Bridging to allo-HSCT after remission induced by low-dose CD7 CAR-T was associated with longer survival\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With a median follow-up of 30 months (range 14-58 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among responders were 7.05 months (95% CI: 3.42-NE) and 16.34 months (95% CI: 4.47-NE), respectively. The two-year PFS and OS rates were 40.1% (95% CI: 22.2%-57.5%) and 36.9% (95% CI: 20.0%-53.9%). Among patients who proceeded to allo-HSCT after achieving remission with CD7 CAR-T, the two-year OS rate was 54.1% (95% CI: 26.7%-75.2%), compared with 23.1% (95% CI: 5.6%-47.5%) in those who did not receive allo-HSCT (n=13; P=0.038). Two-year PFS was also 54.1% (95% CI: 26.7%-75.2%) in the allo-HSCT group versus 23.1% (95% CI: 5.6%-47.5%) in the comparison group (P=0.063). Compared with the non-HSCT group, the allo-HSCT group also showed a trend toward a lower two-year cumulative relapse rate (25.5% vs. 64.3%, P=0.149). Among 11 patients who relapsed and underwent repeat assessment of tumor surface antigens, 4 remained CD7-positive, 2 showed low CD7 expression, and 5 had CD7-negative relapse. Antigen escape may therefore be an important mechanism of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F4fcd60c9773eadd16f8b4b50d5e7f6ba_20260914005556.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"4fcd60c9773eadd16f8b4b50d5e7f6ba_20260914005556.png\" alt=\"c839e31d-c5ad-439b-a4b6-4f290825567a.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure 2\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study suggests that low-dose CD7 CAR-T can produce high response rates in relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma with manageable toxicity. For patients who respond, subsequent allo-HSCT may provide an opportunity for improved long-term survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Kai Hu: In relapsed\u002Frefractory T-cell lymphoma, a CD7 CAR-T infusion dose of 1 × 10⁵ (±30%) CAR-T cells\u002Fkg can produce substantial clinical activity. At the same time, we observed that although short-term response rates are high, consolidation with allo-HSCT after CD7 CAR-T may help reduce relapse and prolong survival. Many questions remain. For example, three patients showed in vivo CD7 CAR-T expansion but did not respond, so the mechanisms of primary CAR-T resistance require further study. The long-term immunologic effects of CD7-targeted depletion on B-cell, T-cell, and NK-cell subsets also remain unclear. In addition, patients with T-cell lymphoma who relapse after allo-HSCT and then receive donor-derived CD7 CAR-T appear to experience more pronounced hematologic toxicity. The optimal supportive-care approach and timing of a possible second transplant in this population require further investigation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital has accumulated extensive experience in CAR-T therapy for lymphoma. As real-world use of CAR-T continues to expand, the clinical questions are becoming increasingly complex. Choosing the right timing for CAR-T and developing individualized, precise, full-course management strategies remain major priorities in hematologic oncology. Looking ahead, integrated clinical, pathologic, molecular, and imaging diagnostics may help identify earlier which patients are unlikely to benefit from conventional treatment but may benefit from precision CAR-T strategies. Monitoring approaches such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may also help detect signs of relapse earlier and create opportunities for earlier intervention, with the goal of extending survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":280,"title":281,"summary":282,"cover":283,"category":65,"publishedAt":277,"contentHtml":284,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"acute-leukemia-care-guide","A Practical Care Guide for Acute Leukemia: Essential Information for Patients and Families","From everyday care and the management of anemia, bleeding, and infection to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and catheter care, this guide covers key nursing and self-care considerations throughout acute leukemia treatment.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ff512d21e1fd54cb40801b5f1d4060a4d.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This guide is designed for patients with acute leukemia and their families, covering practical care needs from daily routines through active treatment. It includes infection-prevention measures such as laminar-flow bed isolation, nutrition with adequate protein and calories, appropriate rest and activity, and oral and perianal hygiene. It also explains how care may differ for anemia, bleeding - including nosebleeds, gum bleeding, and suspected intracranial bleeding - and infection. Additional sections address PICC care during chemotherapy, ways to manage nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea, cold compresses after pre-transplant radiotherapy, side-effect monitoring with targeted therapies, and post-transplant GVHD care. Psychological support is also highlighted to help patients and families feel more informed and supported throughout treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute leukemia can bring challenges such as anemia, bleeding, and infection, but thoughtful day-to-day care can make the treatment journey safer and more manageable. This guide brings together practical advice on everyday care, symptom management, and treatment support to help patients and families feel more prepared at each stage.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Everyday Care: Creating a Safer, More Supportive Recovery Environment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine care forms the foundation of treatment support. Families can focus on four key areas:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Keep the Environment Clean and Reduce Infection Risk\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Open windows each day to keep indoor air circulating, and avoid keeping flowers, plants, or pets indoors, as they may carry microorganisms.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients and family members should wear masks as advised. The source recommends N95 masks as the preferred option, including valved N95 masks for children aged 1-4, while children under 1 year should go out as little as possible. Avoid contact with people who have colds, influenza, or other contagious illnesses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If a hospitalized patient's white blood cell count is low, the medical team may recommend a laminar-flow bed or another protective environment to further reduce infection risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Balance Rest and Activity to Avoid Injury\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Activity should match how the patient feels. Mild fatigue may still allow short walks, while moderate or severe fatigue may require reduced activity and more bed rest. For patients with an enlarged spleen, the source recommends lying on the left side and avoiding bending or impact to the abdomen to reduce the risk of splenic injury.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Children should be supervised during activity. Avoid running, jumping, or strenuous exercise that could lead to falls, bumps, or bleeding.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Support Recovery with Nutrition\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Choose foods that are high in protein, calories, and vitamins, such as eggs, milk, lean meat, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoid spicy foods and foods that are hard, rough, or sharp, as these can injure the oral lining.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If mouth ulcers develop, cook food until soft or choose easier-to-swallow options such as porridge or soft noodles. Avoid leftovers, pickled foods, smoked foods, and supplements such as cordyceps or ginseng, which may interfere with treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Watch Closely and Communicate Early\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Check the skin each day for bruising and look for swollen gums. Adults and children should have their temperature checked regularly. If fever develops, the source recommends recording the temperature every 30 minutes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Symptom-Based Care: What to Do in Different Situations\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Anemia, bleeding, and infection are among the most common problems in acute leukemia and require different approaches.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Anemia: Adjust Care According to Hemoglobin Level\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Care may differ depending on whether anemia is mild, moderate, or severe:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mild anemia (hemoglobin from the lower limit of normal down to 90 g\u002FL): light activity may be appropriate, but avoid overexertion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Moderate to severe anemia (hemoglobin below 90 g\u002FL): reduce unnecessary activity and rest in bed when needed. If palpitations or shortness of breath occur, low-flow oxygen may be given as directed by the medical team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Severe anemia: blood transfusion may be needed. After transfusion, watch for possible reactions such as rash or fever and report them promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Bleeding: Stay Calm and Act Quickly\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Nosebleed: pinch the soft part of the nose with your fingers and place a cold towel over the bridge of the nose. After 5 minutes, release pressure gently.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bleeding gums: keep the mouth clean. If bleeding occurs, apply gentle pressure with sterile cotton. Rinse gently for at least 1 minute each time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Possible intracranial bleeding: if projectile vomiting or loss of consciousness occurs, lay the patient flat with the head turned to one side and contact the medical team immediately while awaiting emergency treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When the platelet count is below 20 × 10⁹\u002FL, there is a risk of spontaneous bleeding even without injury. The source advises bed rest and avoidance of strenuous activity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Infection: Prevention First, Prompt Management When Needed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Preventive measures:\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1) Environmental cleaning: the source recommends wiping floors, tables, and door handles daily with a chlorine-containing disinfectant. It also recommends ultraviolet disinfection once a day for 30 minutes, starting the timing 5 minutes after the lamp is switched on. Patients should leave the room during UV disinfection; if a patient cannot leave the bed, the source recommends shielding the eyes and skin with UV-protective covering.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2) Protective isolation: when the granulocyte count is below 0.5 × 10⁹\u002FL, protective isolation may be required, such as wearing isolation clothing and using a laminar-flow bed. Limit the number of caregivers and visitors and reduce contact with people from outside the household or care team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3) Personal hygiene: follow the principle of "three short, six clean" - keep hair, fingernails, and facial hair short, and keep the hair, skin, mouth, hands and feet, perineum, and perianal area clean.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Preventing Oral Mucositis During Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, or Transplantation\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1) Prevention:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Check the mouth every day for ulcers, pain, or changes in taste.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Choose mouthwash according to the situation: the source recommends a broad-spectrum antibacterial mouthwash for routine use and nystatin rinse when fungal infection is present.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Rinse correctly: hold the mouthwash in the mouth and move the cheeks and tongue so the liquid reaches all areas of the oral mucosa. Rinse for at least 1 minute.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2) Toothbrushing: use a soft-bristled toothbrush when the platelet count is below 50 × 10⁹\u002FL. When the platelet count is below 20 × 10⁹\u002FL, the source advises avoiding toothbrushing and using a gentle mouthwash instead.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Treatment Support: Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Medications, and Catheter Care\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Care during treatment should closely follow the medical plan, with particular attention to managing side effects and maintaining treatment safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Chemotherapy Care\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A PICC line can be an important access route during chemotherapy. Protect it carefully when dressing or undressing and avoid pulling or tugging on the catheter.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For nausea or vomiting, take prescribed antiemetic medication in advance and rinse the mouth with warm water after vomiting. The source suggests a cup of honey water for constipation and rice water to replace fluids during diarrhea.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hair loss is temporary. A wig or hat can be prepared in advance, and the scalp can be washed gently with baby shampoo after hair loss begins.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Avoid foods or substances that may harm the liver or kidneys, such as moldy food or excessive medication use. Numbness or tingling in the fingertips may indicate neurotoxicity; keep warm and avoid contact with cold water.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Radiotherapy Care\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Drink more water the day before radiotherapy. Gently clean the treatment area with warm water and avoid irritating soaps. If the skin peels, do not pull at it - allow it to shed naturally.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After pre-transplant radiotherapy, the source recommends applying cold packs to both cheeks to help prevent parotitis. Rest quietly for 30 minutes after treatment and choose nutritious foods such as fish and spinach.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Medication and Catheter Care\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Targeted therapies may cause rash. Tell the doctor promptly so the treatment plan can be adjusted if needed. Medications that require refrigeration should be stored in the refrigerator compartment as instructed and protected from direct sunlight.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the PICC dressing becomes loose, contact a nurse for replacement immediately. When dressing, put the sleeve on the catheter side first; when undressing, remove that sleeve last to reduce the risk of catheter dislodgement.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Diet and Activity: Hydration and Appropriate Exercise\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Daily Fluid Intake\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For adults without edema or a fluid restriction, the source recommends more than 2,000 mL of fluid per day, or about 8 cups. For children, daily fluid needs are estimated by body weight:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Up to 10 kg: 100 mL\u002Fkg per day. For example, a 5 kg child would receive about 500 mL per day.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">10-20 kg: 100 mL\u002Fkg for the first 10 kg, plus 50 mL\u002Fkg for each kilogram above 10 kg. For example, a 15 kg child: 10 × 100 + 5 × 50 = 1,250 mL per day.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Above 20 kg: 1,500 mL per day for the first 20 kg, plus 20 mL\u002Fkg for each kilogram above 20 kg. For example, a 25 kg child: 1,500 + 5 × 20 = 1,600 mL per day.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For children with diarrhea or vomiting, additional fluid may be needed to replace daily losses. The source gives an example of adding 50-100 mL for each episode of diarrhea.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Exercise\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When the platelet count is above 50 × 10⁹\u002FL, the source suggests outdoor walking of no more than 5,000 steps per day, while keeping warm.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Two months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, if the white blood cell count is above 3 × 10⁹\u002FL, outdoor activity such as walking or tai chi may be increased gradually, while strenuous exercise should still be avoided.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Important: Know the Early Signs of Infection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Tell the medical team immediately if any of the following occurs, so a possible infection can be assessed promptly:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Axillary temperature above 37.5°C, or an abnormal temperature in a child;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Chills or shaking;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. Cough, runny nose, or sore throat;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4. Burning with urination, urinary frequency, urgency, or pain, which may indicate a urinary tract infection;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">5. More than two episodes of loose stool in one day, which may indicate an intestinal infection;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">6. Redness, swelling, or pain around the perineum, genitals, or anus; 7. Redness, warmth, swelling, or pain of the skin or at an injection site, which may indicate a local infection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The road through leukemia treatment may be long, but every normal temperature reading, every meal you are able to eat, and every restful night's sleep can be a small milestone. We hope every patient can move steadily toward recovery and return to everyday life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":286,"title":287,"summary":288,"cover":289,"category":159,"publishedAt":290,"contentHtml":291,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"children-photography-exhibition-hospital","I Left Two Cameras with Children in the Hospital. A Month Later, Their Photos Left Me Speechless...","Children receiving long-term treatment for blood disorders captured moments of warmth and beauty through their own cameras, and a photography exhibition brought a glimpse of spring into the hospital.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fc3c5f57244ea04a6a36e3a4f47cbc1d1.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-03-27","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, the Sunshine Charity Ward School, and photographer and content creator Yang from the social media account “Yibu Che Shenghu” jointly organized a photography exhibition for children undergoing long-term treatment for blood disorders. After attending a photography class in February, the children were given two cameras to document light and shadow, family members, and small moments from everyday life. The article shares the stories of several young photographers, including 15-year-old Nini, Nuo Nuo, who is nearly 10 years post-transplant, and 12-year-old Han Han. Their photographs capture sunlight on an orange leaf, an art stall during Chinese New Year, the national flag beneath Zhengyang Gate, and a mother making a heart gesture for the camera. A camera was also donated to the Ward School so that the children could keep recording their lives, while the event called greater attention to the educational and companionship needs of children facing long hospital stays.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A little after 8:00 a.m. on March 25, a surprise was quietly taking shape in the first-floor lobby of the outpatient building at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital (the “Hospital”). Yang, who runs the social media account “Yibu Che Shenghu,” had joined the Sunshine Charity Ward School and the Hospital to prepare a photography exhibition for the children.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The photographers behind the images were children undergoing long-term treatment for blood disorders. In February, Yang had visited the Ward School to teach them a photography class. He left two cameras behind and encouraged the children to take whatever caught their eye, promising that they would look through the photos together after Chinese New Year.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A month later, the children’s photographs amazed everyone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fefdec3dee5b06f84b7c6b9c41c8885b8_20260914011459.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"efdec3dee5b06f84b7c6b9c41c8885b8_20260914011459.png\" alt=\"03c75d38-1080-43eb-8af0-d1836c603c69.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F1623614dbd36f92ddfb22855be08db7b_20260914011508.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"1623614dbd36f92ddfb22855be08db7b_20260914011508.png\" alt=\"2a8876be-5743-47e6-bc58-e659bdb30da9.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Yang unveils the photography exhibition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hospital rooms may be white, but through the children’s lenses, the world is full of color -\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Leaves and sunlight, paint and brushes at a street stall, buildings and lanterns seen on outings, the family members they love most, and the warm everyday moments they share at the nearby “patient family home.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At 10:00 a.m., the young photographers began arriving in the outpatient lobby with their families. All of them had completed stem cell transplantation and were living near the Hospital while returning regularly for follow-up visits or treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For the children, simply being able to come out and join the exhibition was a joyful occasion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Nini, a 15-year-old girl from Sichuan, still speaks with a warm Sichuan accent. Four months after her transplant, she was looking well and already thinking about home. “Once it’s been six months since my transplant, I can go home,” she said with anticipation. Her photographs “Verdant Glow” and “Spring” drew praise from Yang and everyone at the exhibition. Explaining one image, she said, “It’s an orange leaf that was lying on the table. Light happened to be refracted through a water bottle onto it, and I thought it looked beautiful.” An ordinary leaf and an unexpected beam of light became a landscape through her eyes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F9617fc554a2e660437509bea5ac734ab_20260914011524.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"9617fc554a2e660437509bea5ac734ab_20260914011524.png\" alt=\"0a54b079-a749-4b50-a25d-96212e501185.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Nini’s photograph, “Verdant Glow”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F81c8c50f15fe2719e82d336564d78254_20260914011536.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"81c8c50f15fe2719e82d336564d78254_20260914011536.png\" alt=\"26661ce0-a4ac-4791-af84-72eec60ddcd2.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Nini’s photograph, “Spring”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Nuo Nuo, 20, is nearly 10 years post-transplant and continues to receive treatment for GVHD and other treatment-related effects. Her body may still be tied to the hospital for now, but she has never lost her eye for beauty. During Chinese New Year, she went for a walk through the hutongs and noticed someone painting at a small street stall. She photographed the casually scattered brushes, along with glowing lanterns, a bright lion dance, and sparrows perched on tree branches - small moments of life outside the hospital, carefully collected through her lens.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F701a557bc930e5e5d2b828dddd105796_20260914011546.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"701a557bc930e5e5d2b828dddd105796_20260914011546.png\" alt=\"8ac33b38-c94e-41d1-a64a-b16be550166e.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Nuo Nuo’s photograph, “A Carnival of Paint”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fd65b620acbbf46a211582cb61e989ceb_20260914011559.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d65b620acbbf46a211582cb61e989ceb_20260914011559.png\" alt=\"76b99a78-76ee-44c6-8cc2-0a5d27c9dd5e.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Nuo Nuo’s photograph, “A Curtain of Lantern Light”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Han Han, 12, is something of a class favorite at the Ward School. Dressed in a red jacket and red cap, he was full of energy, nearly two years after his transplant. He was unable to go home for Chinese New Year, so his family took him to Qianmen Street, where he photographed Zhengyang Gate and the red national flag in the sunlight. “I still can’t eat the food there...” he said, sounding a little disappointed. “Keep getting stronger, and you’ll be able to one day,” someone told him. He nodded and smiled.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F17f64b9e2842391fd212ec86266198d3_20260914011612.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"17f64b9e2842391fd212ec86266198d3_20260914011612.png\" alt=\"ea6f4198-7c37-4b7b-88bc-ef57c1c39819.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Han Han’s photograph, “Beneath Zhengyang Gate”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fbd51772b64689374b0f7d07ddbdc0269_20260914011623.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"bd51772b64689374b0f7d07ddbdc0269_20260914011623.png\" alt=\"a423753b-8c51-4b8e-9515-1b6d9dae6d25.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Han Han poses with his photograph.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Through 18-year-old Shan Shan’s camera, family love and the warmth of their temporary home take center stage. While staying at the “patient family home” over Chinese New Year, he photographed his family making dumplings and celebrating with the traditional Chinese character for “fortune.” On a recent outing, his mother sat on a bench among rose bushes, holding a bouquet and making a heart gesture toward the camera. Shan Shan called the photo “Rose Princess.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F64e0eda5ef7f974cb0cdd23aa17897ee_20260914011636.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"64e0eda5ef7f974cb0cdd23aa17897ee_20260914011636.png\" alt=\"a1dda177-9ed4-43d0-8f1f-208076ad6586.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Shan Shan’s photograph, “Rose Princess”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F57c1fa53870548a162033a67188149ad_20260914011647.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"57c1fa53870548a162033a67188149ad_20260914011647.png\" alt=\"12175a2d-0521-4edc-8f50-aec9eb97bdbf.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Shan Shan with his family\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Yan Yan sat in a wheelchair wearing a beautiful Chinese-style jacket, her hair carefully braided - a small detail that made her mother’s love easy to see. She and her mother live nearby. Her mother said their family had received a great deal of help from kind-hearted people during Yan Yan’s treatment, and she now volunteers part-time as a way of giving something back. Several years ago, treatment side effects led to muscle wasting in Yan Yan’s legs, and she has needed a wheelchair since then. Even so, she remains in good spirits. “As long as she’s happy,” her mother said. Recently, her mother took her to Zhuozhou to see a lantern festival, where Yan Yan photographed this Jade Rabbit display.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Faaa3339d21eec7807d6ac7ae228b8acd_20260914011658.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"aaa3339d21eec7807d6ac7ae228b8acd_20260914011658.png\" alt=\"1b32be95-5965-45f9-b5d2-3d8be2f8fae4.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Yan Yan’s photograph, “Jade Rabbit”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fd42d3c52c26ab2c1d6d0cff8518eabf6_20260914011709.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d42d3c52c26ab2c1d6d0cff8518eabf6_20260914011709.png\" alt=\"7f84e64d-cc29-49ae-aba4-a9a5403f12d4.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Yan Yan beams as she receives her certificate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chen Chen, 11, arrived dressed all in black and looking effortlessly cool. Nearly two years after his transplant, he appeared to be recovering well, laughing and joking with the other children - the kind of carefree moments every child deserves. For his photograph “Fortune at the Table,” he casually arranged sunflower seeds and fruit during Chinese New Year, turning an ordinary scene into a picture filled with festive warmth.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fa611c2624a58b7b656fc4e177d454b84_20260914011722.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"a611c2624a58b7b656fc4e177d454b84_20260914011722.png\" alt=\"48ff0449-7805-4ec0-bc79-ca9ea64789fb.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Chen Chen’s photograph, “Fortune at the Table”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As the exhibition came to a close, Yang presented each young photographer with a certificate and a picture book. He also donated a camera to the Ward School so the children could continue taking pictures whenever inspiration struck and keep documenting the good moments in their lives. Yang said he hopes to return for more activities in the future. On behalf of the Ward School, teacher Xin Xin gave Yang a gift from the children and their parents: two large bags of oranges.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F819e252f676b27b984c0fbd55d24338d_20260914011733.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"819e252f676b27b984c0fbd55d24338d_20260914011733.png\" alt=\"78a28c83-d596-4b5b-b175-811784f66d6c.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Group photo at the end of the event\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hospital rooms may be white, but the world in a child’s eyes has never been colorless.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The Sunshine Charity Ward School exists for exactly this reason. The program provides companion-based education for children aged 3-14 who are hospitalized long-term with serious illnesses, helping bring learning, connection, and color back into their lives. We believe illness may limit where a child can go, but it cannot take away curiosity about the world, the ability to see beauty, or the desire to enjoy life. Give them a little light, and their world can shine.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Our thanks to Yang, creator of “Yibu Che Shenghu,” for opening a window for the children through photography and adding another touch of color to the Ward School with his kindness.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">And thank you to every young photographer. The beautiful moments you captured remind us that even in a hospital, spring can still be found.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":293,"title":294,"summary":295,"cover":296,"category":65,"publishedAt":290,"contentHtml":297,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"cd7-car-t-relapsed-refractory-acute-leukemia","xpert Insights: CD7 CAR-T for Relapsed\u002FRefractory Acute Leukemia Offers New Treatment Possibilities","Specialists at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital share two real-world cases illustrating the clinical use of CD7 CAR-T in relapsed\u002Frefractory acute leukemia.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fb71ed3b552f5d9dcc76b2e376405b9cb.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: A specialist team at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital shares two clinical cases of CD7 CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed\u002Frefractory acute leukemia. A 12-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and severe infection achieved MRD-negative complete remission after three CAR-T infusions and was able to proceed to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. An 18-year-old with primary refractory mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) achieved his first remission after two CAR-T infusions. Together, the two cases illustrate how CD7 CAR-T may provide another treatment option for selected patients whose disease has not responded to conventional therapy, while adding practical experience for the management of these complex cases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed\u002Frefractory acute leukemia (R\u002FR AL) remains one of the most difficult challenges in hematology. Conventional treatment may provide limited benefit, and outcomes can be poor. CAR-T cell therapy has opened a new treatment window for some patients. CD7 is highly expressed on many T-lineage leukemia cells, making it a potential therapeutic target. In this article, Dr. Lihong An and Dr. Huanhuan Guan from the team led by Dr. Shuangyou Liu at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital share two clinical cases of CD7 CAR-T therapy in relapsed\u002Frefractory acute leukemia, offering a closer look at how this approach has been used in practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case 1\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>T-ALL with Severe Infection: MRD-Negative Complete Remission After Three CAR-T Infusions\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Patient Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient was a 12-year-old boy who first presented on January 13, 2025, with scattered bleeding spots across his body. His white blood cell count was 321.93 × 10⁹\u002FL. Bone marrow aspiration and integrated MICM testing confirmed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with a SIL-TAL1 fusion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">He first received one cycle of VDLD induction chemotherapy and achieved complete remission, followed by regular treatment according to the CCLG-ALL-2018 protocol. In early September of the same year, he developed a perianal infection and septic shock during a period of neutropenia and required intensive anti-infective treatment as well as repeated perianal debridement. In October, vision in his right eye deteriorated and was eventually lost. Repeated lumbar punctures showed a markedly elevated white blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid, reaching as high as 2,115 × 10⁶\u002FL, and flow cytometry showed that 98.82% of the cells were T-ALL cells. While receiving repeated lumbar punctures with intrathecal therapy at another hospital, his nutritional status became extremely poor. He required an ileostomy for bowel diversion and continued to have severe postoperative perianal suppuration and pulmonary infection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To pursue CAR-T therapy, he was transferred to Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital on November 4, 2025.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Evaluation and Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fb204be4a5ddd58b6f399e87b0443673d_20260914000110.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"b204be4a5ddd58b6f399e87b0443673d_20260914000110.png\" alt=\"4ca19992-f488-473f-ba44-d97e8499168c.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of acute leukemia and the most common malignancy in children. It arises from abnormal B- or T-lineage lymphoid precursor cells. As leukemia cells proliferate and accumulate in the bone marrow, they suppress normal blood-cell production, which can lead to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Leukemia cells may also spread outside the bone marrow to sites such as the meninges, gonads, thymus, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, or bone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this child, relapse initially involved the central nervous system and later progressed to more widespread disease. His CAR-T treatment course lasted about six weeks. The first two CAR-T infusions, together with decitabine used in an attempt to promote CAR-T expansion, did not produce the expected response, and hematologic relapse occurred. The medical team considered proceeding directly to transplantation once the infection was controlled and his nutritional status improved, to avoid losing disease control. After careful discussion and continued treatment, a third infusion was given. This time, the CAR-T cells expanded successfully, CD7-positive cells became undetectable, and the patient ultimately achieved complete remission in both bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid. He was then able to bridge successfully to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case 2\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Primary Refractory Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia: Complete Remission After Two CAR-T Infusions\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Patient Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient was an 18-year-old male who initially presented with a mass on the right side of his neck. On September 29, 2025, his white blood cell count was 345.84 × 10⁹\u002FL. On October 1, he was evaluated at a tertiary hospital in Beijing. Bone marrow MICM testing led to a diagnosis of T\u002FB mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). He subsequently received CODP chemotherapy, venetoclax plus daratumumab, and double-induction chemotherapy with Hyper-CVAD-B, but none produced an adequate response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">He was transferred to Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital with febrile neutropenia. After intensive anti-infective treatment, peripheral-blood flow cytometry showed 85.11% abnormal immature lymphoid cells expressing both T- and B-lineage markers, together with aberrant expression of the myeloid antigen CD13. He was transferred to the team for further treatment on November 17.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Evaluation and Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F9a832bf288377fa14a8a24a8855d09c7_20260914000132.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"9a832bf288377fa14a8a24a8855d09c7_20260914000132.png\" alt=\"7b13eb51-9f0a-4773-8690-2069f33c8f2c.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare form of acute leukemia in which leukemia cells express markers from more than one hematopoietic lineage, either simultaneously or sequentially. Its clinical features can resemble those of other acute leukemias, but patients may have very high circulating leukemia-cell counts and more frequent enlargement of the liver and spleen, reflecting a high disease burden and aggressive biology.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient had not responded to prior double-induction chemotherapy combined with antibody and targeted therapies and was considered to have primary refractory MPAL. At admission to Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, he had febrile neutropenia and a high tumor burden. While treating the infection aggressively, the team worked to control the leukemia burden and closely monitored the proportion of circulating tumor cells. This allowed them to capture a very narrow window for cell collection and begin manufacturing humanized CD7 (hCD7) CAR-T cells at an appropriate time. The first manufactured product yielded a relatively low cell dose, and no meaningful CAR-T expansion was detected after infusion. Ten days after the second infusion, the patient developed fever followed by liver injury, coagulation abnormalities, and other cytokine-mediated reactions. CAR-T expansion remained slow at first, and the proportion of CD7-positive cells stayed high. About two weeks after the second infusion, flow cytometry began to show progressive CAR-T expansion and a gradual decline in CD7-positive cells. One month after infusion, bone marrow assessment showed morphologic remission, with only a small amount of residual leukemia detected by flow cytometry and a clear CAR-T cell population still present. This was the first remission achieved since diagnosis and created a more favorable window for subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Expert Perspective\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For these two patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory acute leukemia that had not responded to conventional treatment, CD7 CAR-T provided another potential treatment pathway and produced meaningful clinical responses. Treatment-related adverse events that occurred during therapy were managed with supportive and symptom-directed care. These cases add practical experience to the emerging use of CD7 CAR-T in R\u002FR acute leukemia and suggest that it may be an option worth considering for carefully selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Looking ahead, we will continue to refine CD7 CAR-T–related technologies and explore how this approach may be combined with other treatment strategies. The goal is to improve both efficacy and safety and to create more treatment possibilities for patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Disclaimer: The cases described in this article are based on real clinical treatment experiences and are shared for informational purposes only. They should not be used as treatment guidance for other patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":299,"title":300,"summary":301,"cover":302,"category":65,"publishedAt":290,"contentHtml":303,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"shen-lin-immunology-cell-immunotherapy-explained","Prof. Lin Shen Explains Immunotherapy | Understanding Cellular Immunotherapy","hrough a doctor-patient conversation, Prof. Lin Shen explains how cellular immunotherapy works, how CAR-T cells recognize and attack cancer, and how treatment-specific side effects such as cytokine release syndrome can be identified and managed.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F2791af927d7d38fee690e05c1d2e8c6d.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: In a conversational Q&A, Prof. Lin Shen walks patients and families through the principles and key features of cellular immunotherapy. The discussion explains how immune cells attack cancer, how CAR-T therapy uses engineered T cells to more precisely recognize tumor cells, and how treatment-specific side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are recognized and managed. The goal is to help patients better understand how cellular immunotherapy differs from conventional chemotherapy and make more informed treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Oncologists hear many questions from patients and families every day: “What is cancer immunotherapy?” “How is immunotherapy different from chemotherapy?” “How does immunotherapy kill cancer cells?” These questions show that many people still have uncertainties about immunotherapy - and that patients and families often share the same concerns.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">We grouped together the questions patients ask most often, drew on the frontline experience of oncology doctors and nurses, and also listened to feedback from patients and families. The aim is to explain the issues people care about most in clear, easy-to-understand language.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Doctor, you mentioned cellular immunotherapy to me yesterday. I still don't really understand it, so I brought my child with me today. Could you explain it to us in a little more detail?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Of course. Please, have a seat. Mr. Liu, as you know, we've already tried most of the treatment options currently available for your condition, but the tumor is still growing. So the next option we're considering is cellular immunotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: I understand. But what exactly is cellular immunotherapy?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Our bodies naturally contain immune cells. You can think of them as the body's security guards. Under normal circumstances, they recognize and attack invading bacteria and viruses - and they can also attack cancer cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Then why does my tumor keep growing?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Cancer cells are very good at escaping the immune system. They can disguise themselves, send misleading signals, or suppress immune-cell function. This allows them to evade immune attack, continue multiplying, and drive tumor growth.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: If cancer cells are that good at escaping, can cellular immunotherapy still work?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Cellular immunotherapy involves collecting immune cells from the patient and processing and expanding them outside the body. The goal is both to restore or strengthen their ability to attack cancer and to increase their numbers. The cells are then infused back into the patient so they can target tumor cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: I think I understand the idea. It sounds reasonable - but how well does it actually work?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: What I've described so far is the principle behind the treatment. Many forms of cellular immunotherapy are still being studied in clinical trials. In June 2021, China's first approved cellular immunotherapy product entered the market.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Doctor, I have one more question. I hope you don't mind me asking. A few years ago, there was a young man in the news who also received something called cellular immunotherapy. He spent a lot of money, but it didn't seem to help at all. How is that different?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: There are many different immune-cell approaches, including dendritic cells (DCs), cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, DC\u002FCIK therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell (TCR-T) therapy. These technologies have continued to evolve, and some have become considerably more mature in recent years.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: In my case, which type of cellular immunotherapy would you recommend?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: We would recommend CAR-T therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: What makes this treatment different?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: First, CAR-T therapy modifies your own T cells - not dendritic cells (DCs) or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. T cells are powerful immune cells and can mount a strong attack against cancer cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Second, in the laboratory, genetic engineering is used to give the T cells a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR. You can think of the CAR as a highly specific navigation system that helps guide the T cells toward a particular target on cancer cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Third, these engineered T cells are stimulated and expanded in large numbers outside the body, and then infused back into the patient to attack the tumor.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Once the T cells have been modified, can they cause side effects? Will it feel like chemotherapy?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: The side-effect profile is different from chemotherapy. CAR-T therapy does not typically cause the same pattern of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and bone marrow suppression associated with chemotherapy. However, when the T cells become highly activated and attack tumor cells, they can release large amounts of cytokines. This can lead to treatment-specific reactions such as fever, low blood pressure, and low oxygen levels.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: I see. Thank you for explaining it. We'll think it over before making a decision.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Getting Ready to Begin Cellular Immunotherapy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Mr. Liu, we've completed all the preparation for your cellular immunotherapy. Your cells will be infused tomorrow. How are you feeling - ready to go?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Doctor, what is there to prepare for? I've already been through some very tough chemotherapy. Surely this can't be harder than that?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Mr. Liu, cellular immunotherapy works very differently from chemotherapy, so the reactions we watch for are also different.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: I know they're different treatments, but aren't they both trying to kill the tumor? I assumed the side effects would be similar.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Not exactly. Chemotherapy mainly relies on the cytotoxic effects of drugs to damage cancer cells. Cellular immunotherapy uses immune cells that originally came from your own body. It generally does not produce the same pattern of nausea, vomiting, or bone marrow suppression seen with chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: So does that mean it's much safer and easier to tolerate? What reactions should I expect most?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Fever is one of the most common reactions. It's one of the ways the immune system signals that it is highly activated. If the immune response becomes too intense, the fever can be persistent and high, and in more severe cases blood pressure and oxygen levels can fall. This is called cytokine release syndrome, or CRS.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: How often do these reactions happen?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Fever is very common. Low blood pressure and low oxygen levels are less common, and when they do occur, they can usually be managed with medication and supportive care. Other reactions can also occur, but most are relatively mild.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: That's reassuring. What other side effects can happen?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: The rise in cytokines can also increase the permeability of normal blood vessels, allowing fluid to leak into surrounding soft tissues and cause swelling. A small number of patients may also develop effects involving the central nervous system.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: Central nervous system effects? What can those look like?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: They can present in different ways, including difficulty speaking clearly, drowsiness, changes in consciousness, impaired thinking or cognition, reduced movement or weakness, and, in severe cases, brain swelling or seizures.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: If a severe reaction does happen, can it be treated?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Lin Shen: Yes. With prompt and appropriate management, most of these reactions can be controlled effectively. In most cases, they are reversible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: That's good to know. Thank you, doctor. I feel much more reassured after hearing your explanation, and I'll work closely with the medical team throughout treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":305,"title":306,"summary":307,"cover":308,"category":76,"publishedAt":309,"contentHtml":310,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"patient-medical-news-roundup-2026","Recent Updates for Patients: Lower Drug Prices Through Centralized Procurement, New Reimbursed Medicines, and Progress in China-Developed Cancer Drugs","A quick roundup of recent updates on centralized procurement, reimbursement, new medicines, and clinical research to help patients stay informed about treatment developments.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F3a5b50b6cd9367aff79ef86395f18be4.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-03-18","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Several recent policy and treatment updates may be especially relevant to patients with blood disorders and cancer. These include lower prices for some platelet-boosting medicines following national centralized procurement, implementation of the updated National Reimbursement Drug List, the addition of several innovative lung cancer medicines to reimbursement coverage, and new clinical data for a China-developed HER2-targeting ADC. These developments may help ease medication costs while expanding treatment options. This article summarizes recent policy, drug, and clinical research updates to help patients and families stay informed and support informed discussions with their healthcare teams.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As “BoYi Tongxing,” a dedicated community for patients with blood disorders and cancer, we closely follow the issues that matter most to patients. We have recently gathered several practical updates—from lower drug prices under centralized procurement and new clinical data for important cancer therapies to personal income tax relief related to major medical expenses. We hope these updates provide timely and useful information for patients and families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Centralized Procurement Takes Effect, Lowering Prices of Platelet-Boosting Medicines\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Platelet-boosting medicines are essential for many patients with leukemia, but their cost has placed significant pressure on some families. In February 2026, the 11th round of China’s national centralized drug procurement took effect. Across 55 medicines, prices fell by an average of 57%, while six products—including avatrombopag tablets—saw price reductions of more than 98%. Prices for several platelet-boosting medicines have already been adjusted in provinces including Gansu and Hebei, and some patients have received prescriptions at the new procurement prices. Patients can check with their hospital or doctor, or consult official local channels, to confirm whether the policy has been implemented in their area.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F6b3615e7d03478bfad4a8b4259a08d24_20260914020218.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6b3615e7d03478bfad4a8b4259a08d24_20260914020218.png\" alt=\"1b396bc6-6f4e-4b14-9661-41a89920c473.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>More Lung Cancer Medicines Added to Reimbursement Coverage and Available at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">China’s updated National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) took effect on January 1, 2026, adding 114 medicines, including 37 anticancer drugs. Several medicines for lung cancer are now included in reimbursement coverage and can be prescribed at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital. Key information is summarized below:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Trastuzumab Rezetecan for Injection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a HER2 (ERBB2) activating mutation who have received at least one prior systemic therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Garsorasib Tablets\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with advanced KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received at least one prior systemic therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Pralsetinib Capsules\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Selpercatinib Capsules\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Taletrectinib Adipate Capsules\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with ROS1-positive locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Fulzerasib Tablets\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Eligible patients: Adults with advanced KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received at least one prior systemic therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">◆ Drug type: Targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>New Clinical Data for a China-Developed Cancer Drug Bring New Treatment Potential for Gastrointestinal Cancers\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Phase I clinical data have been published for trastuzumab rezetecan, a China-developed HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in patients with advanced gastric\u002Fgastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC\u002FGEJ) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO; impact factor: 43.4). Professor Jin Li, President of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, served as the corresponding author. The early-phase results showed promising antitumor activity and safety findings in patients with HER2-expressing GC\u002FGEJ and CRC.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A Phase III study of trastuzumab rezetecan as second-line treatment for GC\u002FGEJ (NCT06123494) is currently underway. In addition, the application for a new indication in colorectal cancer has been accepted by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) of China’s National Medical Products Administration and granted priority review.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F224fcd928cd42b9a667a70c99967f33b_20260914020256.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"224fcd928cd42b9a667a70c99967f33b_20260914020256.png\" alt=\"332139e6-1100-4ad7-8d6a-e9b5e0bfdc72.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Study Published in JCO\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":312,"title":313,"summary":314,"cover":315,"category":65,"publishedAt":309,"contentHtml":316,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"nkt-cell-lymphoma-pathology-diagnosis-code-guide","Expert Guide: Decoding the Pathology of NK\u002FT-Cell Lymphoma","A closer look at the diagnostic challenges, pathological features, association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the role of the tumor microenvironment in treatment response in NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F935ff2b34fac3d4918db4363e0712c35.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma is an aggressive and complex type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms may be subtle and lymphoma itself includes more than 100 distinct subtypes. From a pathology perspective, this article explains why lymphoma diagnosis can be challenging and introduces modern diagnostic tools such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular testing. It also highlights the close association between NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), its tendency to involve the nasal cavity and upper aerodigestive tract, and characteristic features such as vascular invasion and tissue necrosis. The article further explores how diagnostic accuracy and the tumor microenvironment can influence treatment response, helping patients understand why an accurate diagnosis is the foundation of effective treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma is an aggressive and complex form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because many patients are unfamiliar with the disease, the path to the right diagnosis and treatment can sometimes involve unnecessary detours. Through this educational series, we hope to help patients understand the disease step by step - starting with diagnosis - so they can approach treatment with clearer information and greater confidence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why Is Lymphoma So Difficult to Diagnose?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lymphoma is often described as one of the most challenging cancers to diagnose.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Why? One reason is that its symptoms can be surprisingly nonspecific. Some patients may simply have a fever that feels like a common cold. Others may develop a small skin rash or seek medical care because of an ulcer. These symptoms do not immediately suggest cancer, so lymphoma can easily be overlooked or mistaken for another condition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Another challenge is the sheer number of lymphoma subtypes - more than 100. Each subtype is a distinct disease and may require a different treatment approach. For pathologists and clinicians, accurately identifying the right subtype among so many possibilities is a demanding task.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">From a pathology perspective, lymphoma cells can also look very different from one another. They may be large, small, or intermediate in size, with different nuclear and cytoplasmic features. Under the microscope, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, histiocytes, and other cells may all be mixed together. Identifying the tumor cells and determining whether they are of B-cell or T-cell origin cannot be done reliably by morphology alone.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Fortunately, modern medicine provides a powerful set of diagnostic tools. Immunohistochemistry acts like an “identity label” for cells by showing which proteins they express. Flow cytometry can rapidly analyze cell characteristics, while molecular testing can provide confirmation at the genetic level. These methods complement and validate one another, greatly improving diagnostic accuracy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why Does an Accurate Diagnosis Matter So Much for Treatment?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Precision treatment starts with the right diagnosis. Without a clear diagnosis, it is impossible to select the most appropriate and effective treatment strategy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Although lymphoma diagnosis can be complex, treatment options have expanded considerably. Depending on the disease, patients may receive conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapies, or advanced cellular therapies. NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma, for example, can involve the nasal cavity, skin, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, and other sites, and each presentation requires careful diagnostic evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As treatment becomes more diverse and more precise, the need for diagnostic accuracy becomes even greater. If the correct diagnosis is established early, patients can move more quickly toward the treatment approach that best fits their disease. If the diagnosis is inaccurate, treatment may be delayed or directed down the wrong path, potentially affecting outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Are the Key Features of NK\u002FT-Cell Lymphoma?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma has several characteristic clinical and pathological features. Understanding them can help support earlier recognition and more accurate diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">First, it is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This association may partly help explain why the disease tends to occur in certain populations and anatomical sites.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Second, it has several characteristic sites of involvement.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Because EBV is commonly transmitted through respiratory and oral secretions, the nasal cavity and nearby upper aerodigestive tract - including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and palate - are classic sites where NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma may occur. Early symptoms can include nasal obstruction, nosebleeds, and facial swelling, which may initially be mistaken for rhinitis or sinusitis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Its local effects, however, can be much more destructive.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The biology of this lymphoma gives it a strong tendency toward local invasion. Tumor cells may infiltrate blood vessel walls, leading to vascular occlusion and thrombosis. Reduced blood supply can then cause ischemia and tissue necrosis. The tumor cells can also release substances that further damage surrounding tissue. As a result, patients may develop progressive ulceration and necrosis, and in severe cases there can be destruction of midline facial structures.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma can also occur outside the nasal cavity, including in the skin - particularly the legs - as well as soft tissues, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, and other sites.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Because these extranodal presentations may occur without typical nasal symptoms, they can be easier to miss or misdiagnose. Both clinicians and patients therefore need to remain alert to unusual presentations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The cellular origin of NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma is distinctive. The tumor is not simply a conventional T-cell or NK-cell lymphoma; its cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that may express features associated with both T cells and NK cells, which is why the term “NK\u002FT” is used. Accurate identification cannot rely on cell appearance alone. Pathologists combine tissue architecture, patterns of tissue damage, and specific immunophenotypic markers to establish the diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why Can Treatment Outcomes Differ So Much Between Patients With the Same Lymphoma?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A question that often arises in clinical practice is: if two patients have the same type of lymphoma, why can one respond very well to treatment while another does not?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Pathologists are looking for answers from two main directions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Question 1: Is the Diagnosis Correct?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When a patient is not responding well to treatment - especially in relapsed or refractory disease - one of the first questions pathologists ask is whether the original diagnosis should be reviewed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is not uncertainty for its own sake; it is part of a careful scientific approach. With more than 100 lymphoma subtypes and highly variable microscopic appearances, even a subtle diagnostic difference can lead to a different treatment strategy. For patients with an unsatisfactory response, reassessing the pathology is therefore an important first step.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Question 2: Who Are the Tumor's “Neighbors”?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the diagnosis is correct, the next place to look is at a more microscopic level: the tumor microenvironment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A tumor does not exist in isolation. Many different types of cells surround the tumor cells, almost like “neighbors.” Which cells are present? How many are there? How close are they to the tumor cells? These spatial relationships can influence how the disease behaves and how it responds to treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some of these neighboring cells may support antitumor immunity, and having more of them close to the tumor could be associated with a better prognosis. Others may promote tumor growth or suppress immune responses, potentially making treatment more difficult.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>A New Technology: Giving Different Cells Different “Colors”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">So how can pathologists see these cellular “neighbors” more clearly? One emerging approach is multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), which can help reveal the complexity of the tumor microenvironment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In simple terms, the technique is like giving different cell types different colors. Fluorescent labels are used to mark specific proteins on different immune cells, allowing multiple cell populations to be visualized within the same tissue sample.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This creates a kind of “cell map” under the microscope: How many tumor cells are present? Which immune cells surround them? Are those immune cells clustered close to the tumor, or are they farther away? These spatial relationships can provide important information for prognosis and treatment selection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">By showing both what kinds of cells are present and where they are located, mIHC can provide more visual and quantifiable information about the tumor immune microenvironment. This may help clinicians better understand treatment response and identify potentially suitable treatment strategies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This technology is gradually moving into clinical use, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Analyzing the tumor microenvironment may provide additional information when clinicians are considering treatment options.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Integrated Diagnosis: Putting the Whole Puzzle Together\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">No single test can fully explain why treatment outcomes differ between patients. A comprehensive lymphoma diagnosis requires multiple types of information to be considered together:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Morphology: evaluating the microscopic architecture of tissues and the appearance of individual cells;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunohistochemistry: using antigen-antibody reactions to assess protein expression, classify the lymphoma, identify cell lineage, and help guide treatment;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Molecular testing: identifying gene mutations, fusions, and other molecular pathological changes that can support precision diagnosis and treatment;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Flow cytometry: rapidly analyzing the immunophenotype, cell cycle, and functional characteristics of individual cells using multiple parameters;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Cytogenetics: evaluating abnormalities in chromosome number and structure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Integrated diagnosis means bringing all of these findings together so that pathologists can build a more complete picture of each patient's disease. That picture may help explain differences in treatment response and guide more precise treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As integrated diagnostics and new technologies continue to advance, clinicians may be able to obtain more prognostic information before treatment begins and select treatment strategies that are better matched to each patient's disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Patients Should Know\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients diagnosed with NK\u002FT-cell lymphoma, the moment of diagnosis can bring fear and uncertainty. Although this is an aggressive disease, there is extensive clinical experience in its diagnosis and treatment in China, and treatment approaches continue to evolve.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The first priority is to obtain an accurate diagnosis from an experienced pathology team and then choose a standardized treatment strategy based on the extent and characteristics of the disease. Precision treatment depends on precision diagnosis. Getting the diagnosis right at the beginning gives every subsequent treatment decision a stronger foundation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":318,"title":319,"summary":320,"cover":321,"category":65,"publishedAt":322,"contentHtml":323,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"aplastic-anemia-vaccination-guide","Can People with Aplastic Anemia Get Vaccinated? A Practical Guide","This guide explains the potential benefits and risks of vaccination for people with aplastic anemia, when vaccination may be considered, which vaccine types are generally preferred or avoided, and six practical steps for safer vaccination.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fd91e9c7e7ad35e63f1f532d67596a51e.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-03-13","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: This article addresses common questions about vaccination in people with aplastic anemia (AA). Because AA involves immune dysfunction and many patients receive immunosuppressive therapy, vaccination decisions require careful consideration. The article recommends avoiding non-essential vaccination during unstable disease or significant immunosuppression and suggests considering vaccination when the disease is stable, blood counts are relatively stable, immunosuppressive therapy has been stopped for at least six months or reduced to low-dose maintenance, and there is no active infection. Inactivated and recombinant protein vaccines are generally preferred, while live attenuated vaccines are usually avoided in patients with moderate to severe immunosuppression. It also outlines six practical steps: consult a hematology specialist, complete an individualized assessment, keep vaccination records, monitor for reactions, repeat blood counts as advised, and continue everyday infection-prevention measures.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">"Doctor, can I get a flu shot if I have aplastic anemia?"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">"I've heard vaccines can cause problems in people with weakened immunity. Is vaccination safe for me?"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">…\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people with aplastic anemia (AA), deciding whether to get vaccinated can be confusing. On one hand, there is concern about infection; on the other, patients may worry that a vaccine could have unwanted effects on their condition. So can people with AA be vaccinated, and how can vaccination be approached more safely?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Aplastic Anemia and the Immune System: Why Is Vaccination More Complicated?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Aplastic anemia is closely associated with abnormal T-cell immune activity that can damage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow, leading to bone marrow failure and pancytopenia. This immune dysregulation is considered an important mechanism in AA and makes vaccination decisions more complex.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On one hand, low white blood cell counts - particularly neutropenia - can increase the risk of infection, so vaccination may offer important protection in selected situations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On the other hand, abnormal immune function may reduce the immune response to a vaccine and, in some circumstances, may also raise concerns about triggering further immune dysregulation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Do Vaccines Work, and What Is Different for People with AA?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Vaccines essentially give the immune system an advance introduction to a pathogen. They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and prepare T cells to respond, so the immune system can react more quickly if the real pathogen is encountered later. This protective effect depends on the immune system being able to mount an appropriate response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In people with AA, however, this response may be altered. During the early phase of treatment, intensive immunosuppressive therapy can suppress normal immune function. Vaccination at this stage may produce little or no immune response, or only low antibody levels, resulting in limited protection. The article also notes a theoretical concern that immune stimulation could worsen immune dysregulation in some patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vaccination in Aplastic Anemia: How Should the Benefits and Risks Be Balanced?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Key principle: avoid non-essential vaccination unless there is a clear clinical need.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people with AA, routine vaccination may be deferred when it is not medically necessary, particularly during active disease or significant immunosuppression. In certain urgent situations, such as tetanus- or rabies-related exposure, the article notes that passive immunization products may be considered as clinically appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>When Might Vaccination Be Considered?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If vaccination is needed, the article suggests considering it when:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The disease is stable and blood counts are relatively stable;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Immunosuppressive therapy has been stopped for at least six months, or the patient is on low-dose maintenance immunosuppression;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There is no active infection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Which Vaccine Types May Be Considered? (Only After Specialist Assessment)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vaccines that may be considered:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. Inactivated vaccines: These generally have a more favorable safety profile in immunocompromised patients. Examples include the injectable inactivated influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccines.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Recombinant protein vaccines: Examples include recombinant hepatitis B vaccines, which are generally considered non-live vaccines.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vaccines generally not recommended during moderate to severe immunosuppression:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Live attenuated vaccines: These are usually avoided in patients with moderate to severe immunosuppression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Examples listed in the source article include MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and varicella\u002Fzoster vaccines, because live attenuated vaccines may pose an infection risk in immunocompromised patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Six Practical Steps for Safer Vaccination\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Talk to Your Specialist First\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before receiving any vaccine, speak with your treating hematologist.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Have a Full Clinical Assessment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Your doctor will assess your disease status, current treatment, blood counts, and immune status before making a recommendation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Keep a Vaccination Record\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Record the vaccine name, batch or lot number, and date of vaccination so the information is available for future follow-up.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Monitor Closely After Vaccination\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Watch for any unusual reactions. Some people may experience temporary fever, fatigue, or redness and swelling at the injection site. These reactions often resolve on their own, but seek medical advice promptly if symptoms are severe, persistent, or otherwise concerning.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Repeat Blood Counts as Advised\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A small number of patients may experience temporary fluctuations in blood counts after vaccination. Follow-up complete blood counts (CBCs) may therefore be recommended.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. Continue Infection-Prevention Measures\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Vaccination does not replace everyday precautions. Continue measures such as good hand hygiene, masking when appropriate, and avoiding crowded settings during periods of high respiratory infection activity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Frequently Asked Questions\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: Do vaccines work less well in people with aplastic anemia?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A: They can. Immunosuppression may reduce the immune response to vaccination. Even so, partial protection may still be clinically meaningful in selected patients, which is why the decision should be individualized.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q: Do patients with AA-PNH who are starting complement inhibitors such as eculizumab or iptacopan need vaccines beforehand?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A: The source article recommends pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccination before complement-inhibitor therapy in patients with AA-PNH overlap syndrome, with the aim of reducing the risk of serious infection. The exact vaccines and timing should be planned in advance with the treating team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>In summary, having aplastic anemia does not automatically mean that vaccination is off-limits. The key is to choose the right vaccine, at the right time, for the right patient. Vaccination can be one part of infection prevention in AA, but decisions should be individualized and made under specialist guidance.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Before any vaccination, stay in close communication with your treating physician and develop a vaccination plan that fits your disease status, treatment, and immune recovery.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Please note: This article is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice. Vaccination plans should always be discussed with your treating physician, because disease status and treatment vary from person to person.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":325,"title":326,"summary":327,"cover":328,"category":76,"publishedAt":329,"contentHtml":330,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"ruikang-trastuzumab-her2-gastric-colorectal-phase1","Professor Jin Li's Team Reports Phase I Results of Trastuzumab Rezetecan in HER2-Expressing Gastric\u002FGEJ Adenocarcinoma and Colorectal Cancer","Phase I data for trastuzumab rezetecan, a China-developed HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in gastric and colorectal cancer have been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), showing encouraging antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F4160ebd172c0f129c7d94639fbf7bc87.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-03-11","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Professor Jin Li's team at Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, published Phase I clinical data in the Journal of Clinical Oncology on trastuzumab rezetecan, a China-developed HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with advanced gastric\u002Fgastroesophageal junction (GC\u002FGEJ) adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer (CRC). The study enrolled 100 patients. Among patients with HER2-positive GC\u002FGEJ, the objective response rate (ORR) was 45.0% and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.0 months. Among patients with HER2-positive CRC, the ORR was 40.5% and median PFS was 9.5 months. The Phase I results showed promising preliminary efficacy and a manageable safety profile.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On March 4, Phase I clinical data were published for trastuzumab rezetecan, a novel HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) developed in China, in patients with advanced gastric\u002Fgastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC\u002FGEJ) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The results appeared in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO; impact factor 43.4), a leading journal in oncology. Professor Jin Li of Shanghai GoBroad Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, served as the corresponding author. The preliminary findings showed encouraging antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with HER2-expressing GC\u002FGEJ and CRC.[1]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F0f78385cf31a0445e6f70c7e85ea1ae6_20260914012131.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0f78385cf31a0445e6f70c7e85ea1ae6_20260914012131.png\" alt=\"c02acb57-a9c6-4d05-b5e0-10e473618544.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Study Published in JCO\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to GLOBOCAN 2022, GC\u002FGEJ ranks fifth globally for both incidence and mortality, while CRC ranks third for incidence and second for mortality, making both major global health burdens.[2] HER2 alterations are associated with the development and progression of multiple cancers and have become an important therapeutic target in several tumor types, including gastrointestinal cancers.[3,4] HER2 is expressed in approximately 40% of patients with GC\u002FGEJ[5] and is overexpressed in about 3%-11% of patients with CRC.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Trastuzumab rezetecan (development code SHR-A1811) is a next-generation HER2-targeted ADC. It consists of trastuzumab linked through a cleavable linker to SHR169265, a potent DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Its design combines a highly active payload with a relatively low drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), with the aim of balancing antitumor activity and safety.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F3fc828160954d8f8d5459a12d647f35f_20260914012149.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3fc828160954d8f8d5459a12d647f35f_20260914012149.png\" alt=\"7dbae056-405f-4326-bc00-5dbb202c8a32.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1. Structure of Trastuzumab Rezetecan\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Design and Methods\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This Phase I trial included three parts: dose escalation, pharmacokinetic expansion, and clinical expansion. Eligible patients had HER2-expressing GC\u002FGEJ or CRC (IHC 1+, 2+, or 3+, or ISH-positive) and had either failed standard treatment, were unable to tolerate standard treatment, or had no available standard treatment option. Dose escalation used the i3+3 design, with trastuzumab rezetecan administered at 3.2 mg\u002Fkg, 4.8 mg\u002Fkg, 6.4 mg\u002Fkg, and 8.0 mg\u002Fkg. Two to three dose levels were selected for pharmacokinetic expansion, followed by further collection of safety and efficacy data in the clinical expansion phase.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Ffcb8e88d0a003759339a59691ec7dcfe_20260914012203.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"fcb8e88d0a003759339a59691ec7dcfe_20260914012203.png\" alt=\"c0fd20c6-3d92-4cb1-978f-b39ed4b4e3d8.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 2. Study Design\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Results\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Baseline Patient Characteristics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A total of 100 patients were enrolled: 15 in dose escalation, 18 in pharmacokinetic expansion, and 67 in clinical expansion. Fifty-seven patients had GC\u002FGEJ (52 gastric cancer and 5 gastroesophageal junction cancer); 96.5% had an ECOG performance status of 1, and 50.9% had previously received anti-HER2 therapy. Forty-three patients had CRC (11 left-sided colon, 12 right-sided colon, and 20 rectal cancers); 90.7% had an ECOG performance status of 1, and 27.9% had previously received anti-HER2 therapy. As of February 29, 2024, 11 patients remained on treatment and 89 had discontinued, mainly because of disease progression.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F5479b787e5cad688fd6204942d70ec1c_20260914012228.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"5479b787e5cad688fd6204942d70ec1c_20260914012228.png\" alt=\"1418162c-4f6c-4516-951a-326293accd07.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Clinical Efficacy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">All 100 patients received at least one dose of trastuzumab rezetecan, including 57 patients with HER2-expressing GC\u002FGEJ and 43 with HER2-expressing CRC. As of February 29, 2024, the median follow-up was 11.4 months for the GC\u002FGEJ group and 13.8 months for the CRC group.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among 40 patients with HER2-positive GC\u002FGEJ, the ORR was 45.0%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 87.5%, median duration of response (DoR) was 5.5 months, median PFS was 9.0 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 16.3 months. Among 28 patients who had previously received HER2-targeted therapy, 14 achieved a response, for an ORR of 50.0%. In 12 patients with HER2 IHC 2+\u002FISH-negative GC\u002FGEJ, the ORR was 25.0%, DCR was 91.7%, median PFS was 12.2 months, and median OS was not yet mature.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among 32 patients with GC\u002FGEJ who received trastuzumab rezetecan at 6.4 mg\u002Fkg, the ORR was 50.0%, DCR was 84.4%, median DoR was 5.7 months, median PFS was 8.4 months, and median OS was 16.3 months.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among 37 patients with HER2-positive CRC, the ORR was 40.5%, DCR was 91.9%, median DoR was 6.1 months, median PFS was 9.5 months, and median OS was 22.7 months. Among 11 patients who had previously received HER2-targeted therapy, 4 achieved a response, for an ORR of 36.4%.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Among 32 patients with HER2-positive CRC who received trastuzumab rezetecan at 6.4 mg\u002Fkg, the ORR was 40.6% and DCR was 93.8%; median PFS was 9.5 months and median OS was 22.7 months.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F7a20a82a4ad9b1c38b9fb62f83bb7321_20260914012243.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"7a20a82a4ad9b1c38b9fb62f83bb7321_20260914012243.png\" alt=\"e68cbe77-d6b3-403f-8fe2-c646655758cc.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Table 2. Tumor Response\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fec9531ea721752a13f14216bdd51acad_20260914012253.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"ec9531ea721752a13f14216bdd51acad_20260914012253.png\" alt=\"b19bb0b5-a06e-46ff-bb28-e0657562e346.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 3. Waterfall Plot: Best Percentage Change from Baseline in Target Lesions in Patients with HER2-Positive or HER2 IHC 2+\u002FISH-Negative GC\u002FGEJ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F7f1ceaadc48ec5d8f4f793c84858644b_20260914012306.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"7f1ceaadc48ec5d8f4f793c84858644b_20260914012306.png\" alt=\"02bfe7b2-aee0-4516-a6bc-c2a68cbf76b4.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 4. Swimmer Plot: Tumor Response in Patients with HER2-Positive GC\u002FGEJ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F4b4f64618d891837663b7db8270a55fa_20260914012317.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"4b4f64618d891837663b7db8270a55fa_20260914012317.png\" alt=\"40b7ec00-4f34-4584-80bd-5ee4f9a8ef5a.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 5. Swimmer Plot: Tumor Response in Patients with HER2 IHC 2+\u002FISH-Negative GC\u002FGEJ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F42c5bc656c8a18055149cfe1c71e2e9c_20260914012330.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"42c5bc656c8a18055149cfe1c71e2e9c_20260914012330.png\" alt=\"2e0d4eb1-8a6f-4244-a69e-d9b9adafa386.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 6. Waterfall Plot: Best Percentage Change from Baseline in Target Lesions in Patients with HER2-Positive CRC\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F0f4addf2238e34dd43082c6cd30bc954_20260914012342.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0f4addf2238e34dd43082c6cd30bc954_20260914012342.png\" alt=\"cbce1b32-3d8a-423d-bc18-ece1742a64b4.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 7. Swimmer Plot: Tumor Response in Patients with HER2-Positive CRC\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Safety\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Of the 100 patients, 96 (96%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade, and 66 (66%) reported grade 3 or 4 TRAEs. The most common included decreased neutrophil count (49 patients, 49%), decreased white blood cell count (39 patients, 39%), and anemia (29 patients, 29%).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Serious TRAEs occurred in 33 patients (33.0%), including decreased platelet count in 10 patients (10.0%), anemia in 8 (8.0%), and decreased neutrophil count in 7 (7.0%).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Overall, trastuzumab rezetecan showed encouraging antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced GC\u002FGEJ and CRC. A Phase III study of trastuzumab rezetecan as second-line treatment for GC\u002FGEJ (NCT06123494) is ongoing. In addition, the marketing application for a new colorectal cancer indication has been accepted by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) of China's National Medical Products Administration and granted priority review. These developments may bring additional treatment options to patients in the future.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">References:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[1] Liu T, Luo S, Yuan X, et al. Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial. J Clin Oncol. Published online March 4, 2026.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[2] Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 Apr 4.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[3] Zhu K, Yang X, Tai H, Zhong X, Luo T, Zheng H. HER2-targeted therapies in cancer: a systematic review. Biomark Res. 2024;12(1):16\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[4] Ingold Heppner B, Behrens HM, Balschun K, et al: HER2\u002Fneu testing in primary colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 111:1977-84, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">[5]  Van Cutsem E, Bang YJ, Feng-Yi F, et al: HER2 screening data from ToGA: targeting HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gastric Cancer 18:476-84, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":332,"title":333,"summary":334,"cover":335,"category":76,"publishedAt":336,"contentHtml":337,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"bcma-car-t-plasma-cell-leukemia-survival-benefit","International Journal Publication | Dr. Xiaoyan KE and Dr. Kai HU's Team: BCMA CAR-T Brings Short-Term Remission and Survival Benefit in R\u002FR PCL","A study from the teams of Dr. Xiaoyan KE and Dr. Kai HU, published in Frontiers in Immunology, reported a 75% overall response rate with BCMA CAR-T therapy in patients with triple-class refractory relapsed\u002Frefractory plasma cell leukemia.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F64c4f6d28557b2afd3bbfef48322a38b.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-03-06","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Relapsed\u002Frefractory primary plasma cell leukemia (R\u002FR PCL) is rare, highly aggressive, and associated with poor outcomes after conventional treatment. A retrospective cohort study from the teams of Dr. Xiaoyan KE and Dr. Kai HU at Beijing GoBroad Hospital analyzed outcomes in 12 patients with triple-class refractory R\u002FR PCL treated with BCMA CAR-T therapy. The overall response rate was 75%, with a median progression-free survival of 8.9 months and a median overall survival of 15.5 months. Among patients who subsequently underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as consolidation, some achieved deep remission and long-term disease-free survival. The findings provide early evidence for a potential treatment strategy in this very high-risk patient population.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed\u002Frefractory primary plasma cell leukemia (R\u002FR PCL) is a rare but highly aggressive hematologic malignancy. Response rates with conventional treatment are low, and long-term outcomes remain poor, making it one of the most challenging conditions managed by lymphoma and myeloma specialists. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has shown activity in R\u002FR PCL, but data on long-term outcomes and the best treatment strategy after CAR-T remain limited.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, the lymphoma and myeloma team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital, led by Dr. Xiaoyan KE and Dr. Kai HU, published a study in Frontiers in Immunology titled "Efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy and subsequent strategies in refractory and relapsed plasma cell leukemia: a retrospective cohort study." The first author was Dr. Yuelu GUO. The study summarizes the team's recent clinical experience with BCMA CAR-T in R\u002FR PCL and explores possible strategies after CAR-T treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Background\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Kai HU noted that primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL), although rare, is highly aggressive. Even with newer therapies, newly diagnosed PCL has been reported to have a median progression-free survival (PFS) of only 5.5 months. Outcomes become especially poor after relapse, particularly in patients with triple-class refractory disease - meaning resistance to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of BCMA CAR-T in R\u002FR PCL, the team retrospectively analyzed 12 patients with triple-class refractory R\u002FR PCL who received BCMA CAR-T therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Key Findings\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. BCMA CAR-T Achieved a 75% Response Rate in Triple-Class Refractory PCL, with Mostly Low-Grade CRS\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The overall response rate (ORR) after BCMA CAR-T therapy was 75% (9\u002F12). One patient achieved complete response (CR), four achieved partial response (PR), and four achieved very good partial response (VGPR). Grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 83.3% of patients (10\u002F12). At the same time, grade 3-4 cytopenias were common, highlighting the need for careful infection prevention, monitoring, and supportive care after BCMA CAR-T therapy in patients with R\u002FR PCL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. BCMA CAR-T Provided Survival Benefit in R\u002FR PCL, with Encouraging Outcomes in Patients Who Bridged to Allogeneic Transplant\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Further analysis showed a median PFS of 8.9 months (95% CI, 4.6 months to not reached). The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 33.3% (95% CI, 7.8%-62.3%) and 22.2% (95% CI, 3.4%-51.3%), respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.5 months (95% CI, 5.7 months to not reached). The 1-year OS rate was 55.6% (95% CI, 20.4%-80.5%), and the 2-year OS rate was 22.2% (95% CI, 3.4%-51.3%). Notably, among the four patients who underwent allogeneic transplantation as consolidation, two remained in stringent complete response (sCR) and achieved disease-free survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These preliminary findings may help inform treatment planning. For patients with R\u002FR PCL who respond to BCMA CAR-T therapy, consolidation with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may deepen the response and could support longer disease-free survival in selected patients. Larger prospective studies are still needed to clarify which patients are most likely to benefit.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Xiaoyan KE noted that the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital has accumulated extensive clinical experience with CAR-T therapy. As more patients receive CAR-T in real-world practice, the clinical questions are becoming increasingly complex. Current experience suggests that BCMA CAR-T can produce short-term remission in highly aggressive R\u002FR PCL, but additional consolidation may be needed to improve the depth and durability of response. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be one strategy for selected patients who respond to CAR-T. At the same time, identifying the right timing for CAR-T and developing more individualized, precise, and longitudinal management strategies remain important clinical priorities. Going forward, integrated clinical, pathologic, molecular, and imaging assessment may help identify R\u002FR PCL patients who are unlikely to benefit from conventional therapy but may benefit from precision CAR-T approaches. Monitoring tools such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may also help detect signs of relapse earlier and support more timely intervention.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":339,"title":340,"summary":341,"cover":342,"category":65,"publishedAt":336,"contentHtml":343,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"micm-integrated-diagnosis-hematologic-malignancy","Expert Guide: Why Is MICM Integrated Diagnosis So Important in Hematologic Malignancies?","Dr. Chunrong TONG of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains how MICM integrated diagnosis combines four dimensions of testing to classify hematologic malignancies more precisely and support individualized treatment planning.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Ff9dd0a3e0d1162a7cc8b13b2c23a6fa3.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Chunrong TONG of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital explains the central role of MICM integrated diagnosis in the care of malignant hematologic diseases. MICM brings together morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology, while an expanded MICM-PP framework also incorporates pathogen testing and pharmacology\u002Fpharmacogenomics. Together, these data can help clinicians define the disease more precisely, assess risk, and tailor treatment. Dr. Tong emphasizes that an accurate clinical diagnosis should never rely on a single laboratory report; medical history, family history, treatment and exposure history, and laboratory findings all need to be interpreted together.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">MICM integrated diagnosis combines Morphology (M), Immunology (I), Cytogenetics (C), and Molecular Biology (M), and is a core diagnostic framework for malignant hematologic diseases. In the expanded approach described here, pathogen-related testing (P) and pharmacology\u002Fpharmacogenomics (P) are also incorporated.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Many patients and families still have questions about MICM integrated diagnosis. We therefore invited Dr. Chunrong TONG of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital to explain why integrated testing matters for precise disease classification and individualized treatment in hematologic malignancies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Is the Difference Between a Laboratory Result and a Clinical Diagnosis?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients often bring in a test report and ask, "Dr. Tong, the report says I have this disease. Does that mean this is definitely my diagnosis?" Not necessarily. A laboratory report gives one set of test results. What the medical team ultimately needs to establish is a complete clinical diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">That diagnosis cannot be determined from a single report. It requires several types of information to be considered together, including laboratory findings as well as the patient's medical history, family history, medication history, and exposure history.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, if a patient has had an elevated white blood cell count for 10 years, the clinical pattern may point more toward a chronic leukemia; if the change developed over only a few days, an acute leukemia may be more likely. This is why a detailed history matters.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Another example is a patient who previously had a different cancer and received chemotherapy or radiotherapy, then later develops leukemia. In that setting, the leukemia may be secondary to prior treatment and classified as therapy-related leukemia. For such patients, the team may often consider allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). A single piece of clinical history can therefore influence the overall treatment direction.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Family history is also important. This is one reason clinicians may recommend testing for inherited susceptibility variants. Some diseases develop through an interaction between an underlying genetic predisposition and external triggers. Just as hypertension, diabetes, or certain cancers may cluster within families, a person's genetic background can also matter in hematologic disease.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Medication and toxic-exposure history should also be reviewed. Long-term exposure to harmful substances may contribute to chromosomal instability and genetic mutations. According to the clinical framework described in this article, such patients may be less likely to achieve durable control with medication alone and may need transplantation to be considered.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Allergy history and exposure to infectious diseases can also matter. One example is adult T-cell leukemia\u002Flymphoma (ATLL), a virus-associated hematologic malignancy that is more common in certain endemic regions, including parts of coastal Japan and coastal Fujian in China. Without asking about relevant exposure and epidemiologic history, clinicians may be less likely to consider this diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Clinical information alone is still not enough. Laboratory and imaging data are also needed, including complete blood counts, bone marrow studies, and imaging. For hematologic malignancies, the article describes MICM-PP - adding Pathogen and Pharmacology (PP) components to MICM - as a comprehensive integrated diagnostic approach.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Is MICM?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">MICM is an integrated diagnostic and classification framework used in hematology. It combines four layers of testing to characterize disease from cell appearance and immune phenotype through chromosomes and genes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In practical terms, the four components are:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- M (Morphology): Evaluation of cell appearance under the microscope, together with cytochemical staining and histopathology.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- I (Immunology): Flow cytometry is used to analyze cell-surface markers, or antigens, while immunohistochemistry can assess marker expression in tissue. These methods help determine cell lineage and characteristics. Protein quantification or electrophoresis may also be used when needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- C (Cytogenetics): Testing looks for chromosomal abnormalities such as gains, losses, or translocations. Common methods include conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- M (Molecular Biology): Molecular testing examines abnormalities at the gene level. This may include fusion-gene screening and quantification, mutation testing involving tumor-related genes, inherited susceptibility genes, and pharmacogenetic variants, copy-number analysis, IgH\u002FTCR clonality testing to help determine whether a proliferation is neoplastic, pathogen-gene testing, and donor-recipient chimerism monitoring after transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When these four layers of information are interpreted together, clinicians can classify the disease more precisely, estimate relapse risk, and identify potentially relevant targeted therapies, supporting a more individualized treatment strategy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Is MICM-PP?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">MICM-PP expands the traditional MICM framework by adding two additional components beginning with the letter P, with the goal of supporting more precise individualized care:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The first P - Pathogen testing: This looks for viral, bacterial, or other infectious agents, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Helicobacter pylori. Methods may include pathogen-gene testing and pathogen assessment in tissue.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The second P - Pharmacology and pharmacogenomics: Drug concentrations can be monitored together with genetic information related to drug metabolism, helping clinicians adjust dosing more precisely and safely.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An accurate diagnosis is not determined by a single report. Morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, pathogen testing, pharmacology, and other information need to be integrated before a clear clinical conclusion can be reached and an appropriate treatment plan can be developed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnosis is also not necessarily a one-time event. During treatment, the medical team may refine or update the diagnosis as the patient responds and new follow-up results become available.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Is the Purpose of MICM Integrated Diagnosis?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment for malignant hematologic diseases can be broadly divided into transplant and non-transplant approaches. Transplantation includes autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Non-transplant treatment may include surgery in selected situations, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hypomethylating therapy, and other approaches. With so many possibilities, MICM integrated diagnosis helps clinicians decide which pathway may be most appropriate for an individual patient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Whether a patient should undergo transplantation depends in part on disease-risk stratification. That risk assessment is built from multiple findings, including morphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular testing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The choice of transplant approach can also depend on the diagnostic findings. Autologous transplantation uses the patient's own stem cells, but the source article notes that inherited susceptibility variants or substantial prior treatment-related stem-cell injury may limit the suitability of this approach. In such situations, allogeneic transplantation may need to be considered. This is one reason inherited susceptibility testing can be relevant to later treatment planning.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">What Options Are Available If Transplantation Is Not Needed or Not Suitable?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- Surgery: Hematologic malignancies are usually systemic diseases and generally are not treated primarily with surgery. However, surgery may sometimes be considered when a large localized mass is compressing an important organ and symptom relief is needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- Chemotherapy: Not every hematologic malignancy is equally sensitive to chemotherapy. The source article gives chromosome 7 loss as one example associated with poorer chemotherapy response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- Targeted therapy: Many targeted medicines are selected according to specific genetic alterations. Molecular testing can therefore help identify which therapies may be relevant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">- Immunotherapy: Treatments such as antibody-based therapies and CAR-T depend on the antigens expressed by tumor cells. For example, CD19-directed CAR-T therapy or blinatumomab requires an appropriate CD19-positive disease context.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The purpose of performing multiple MICM tests is to answer practical treatment questions as clearly as possible: Does this patient need a transplant? If so, when? Which medicines should be used, in what combination and at what dose? What should the treatment goal be? Integrated diagnostic data help inform each of these decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Example\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>A 47-year-old patient had skin bleeding spots, fever, and fatigue for 17 days. At presentation, the white blood cell count was reported as 61. A peripheral blood smear from the local hospital occasionally showed immature monocytes, and blasts plus immature monocytes accounted for 65% of cells in the bone marrow.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Based on morphology, the case could be diagnosed as acute monocytic leukemia. Flow cytometry was also consistent with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the most important additional information came from molecular testing, which identified several mutations, including DNMT3A, NPM1, IDH1, and JAK2.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These molecular findings led to several important clinical interpretations:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>First: Reassessing Risk Stratification\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If cytogenetics alone were considered, the patient's karyotype was normal and would traditionally have placed the patient in an intermediate-risk group. The molecular findings changed that interpretation: multiple mutations were considered adverse prognostic features. More importantly, after chemotherapy-induced remission, the DNMT3A mutation remained detectable at a variant frequency of 29%. The treating team interpreted this persistence as evidence of an underlying abnormal hematopoietic clone, with implications for relapse risk and the possibility of additional hematologic malignancy after repeated chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Despite the normal karyotype, the patient was therefore ultimately classified as high risk. This illustrates the independent prognostic value of molecular information: it can reveal risk that conventional cytogenetics may not capture.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Second: Helping Guide Drug Selection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The source article notes that several mutations may provide potential treatment targets. It states that DNMT3A mutation may suggest sensitivity to hypomethylating agents such as decitabine or azacitidine; NPM1-mutated disease may be treated in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); JAK2 mutation may prompt consideration of a JAK inhibitor such as ruxolitinib; and IDH2-mutated disease has available IDH2 inhibitors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Based on this framework, an initial regimen containing a hypomethylating agent - for example, decitabine combined with venetoclax - may be considered, with additional targeted agents added according to the clinical situation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Third: Determining Whether Transplantation Is Needed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The article states that cure rates with chemotherapy alone are below 40% for intermediate-risk AML. In this case, the patient also had several high-risk features, including a high white blood cell count at diagnosis, DNMT3A, GATA2, and JAK2 mutations described as adverse prognostic findings, and persistence of the DNMT3A clone after remission. The treating team therefore concluded that chemotherapy alone would be insufficient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The recommendation was to first achieve complete remission and then proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as soon as appropriate. After transplantation, the source article notes that agents such as ATRA or JAK inhibitors may also be considered as targeted strategies to help reduce relapse risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Fourth: Planning Long-Term Monitoring\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient had an NPM1 mutation, which can be used as a molecular marker for follow-up. Quantitative PCR can be performed at regular intervals, and flow cytometry can be used to monitor measurable residual disease (MRD). When needed, deep sequencing of additional genes can provide further quantitative information. Using several complementary methods can give the clinical team a more complete picture of treatment response.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Does This Case Show?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Morphology indicated acute monocytic leukemia.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Flow cytometry showed a myeloid malignancy with monocytic differentiation.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Cytogenetics showed a normal karyotype, which would traditionally suggest intermediate risk.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Molecular testing, however, indicated a higher-risk patient, identified potential treatment targets, provided measurable markers for follow-up, and supported the need to consider transplantation.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This is the value of integrated diagnosis: each layer of information contributes to a treatment decision - which medicines to use, how deep a response to aim for, whether transplantation is needed, and how response should be monitored.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Treatment decisions should be built on these clinical and laboratory data rather than on a single test in isolation. The goal of integrated diagnosis is not to make testing more complicated, but to make treatment more precise. When the direction is clearer from the start, each subsequent step can be planned with greater confidence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":345,"title":346,"summary":347,"cover":348,"category":159,"publishedAt":349,"contentHtml":350,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"gaobo-guangdong-rare-disease-center","GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center Launches Innovative “Full-Cycle Support” Model, Advancing Systematic Solutions for Rare Diseases","The GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center has officially opened and launched the Guardian AnAn 2.0 charitable support program, introducing a full-cycle assistance model that helps provide financial support throughout the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation journey.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Faa610522a4f42c2a7a6b5ded0e960884.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-02-28","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Ahead of Rare Disease Day 2026, the GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center was officially inaugurated at Dongguan Taixin Hospital. The center brings together multidisciplinary care and precision genetic diagnostics, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a core capability and broader treatment pathways including CAR-T and other immunotherapies. At the same event, the Guardian AnAn 2.0 charitable support program was launched, expanding assistance from basic financial support to coverage for serious complications during transplantation, second-transplant support, and humanitarian assistance. The program is designed for families affected by thalassemia, aplastic anemia, and primary immunodeficiency disorders. Prof. Chunfu LI said the model is intended to address a common challenge in rare disease care: advanced medical technology may be available, but patients still need a coordinated system that supports them throughout treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some children with severe thalassemia once depended on regular blood transfusions simply to get through each day. A child with pure red cell aplasia went through repeated consultations, unsuccessful steroid treatment, and transfusion dependence before finally receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A child with neuroblastoma traveled all the way from Russia in search of a more advanced, systematic treatment strategy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These stories once unfolded separately across different cities and departments. On February 27, 2026, on the eve of the 19th Rare Disease Day, they found a shared point of connection: the GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center was officially inaugurated at Dongguan Taixin Hospital.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Jointly established by the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology and Dongguan Taixin Hospital, the center is a regional platform for rare disease diagnosis and treatment. With HSCT as a core clinical capability, it integrates multidisciplinary care and precision genetic diagnostics, expands comprehensive treatment pathways including CAR-T and other immunotherapies, and connects medical care with charitable support and long-term follow-up. The goal is to move rare disease care toward a more coordinated and systematic model. Under the theme “Advancing Systematic Solutions for Rare Diseases,” the launch event also introduced the Guardian AnAn 2.0 charitable support program and featured patient stories and expert media discussions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fdb2042ac04d8784be7e9aa9448e0f906_20260914010441.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"db2042ac04d8784be7e9aa9448e0f906_20260914010441.png\" alt=\"4962383d-62af-44ea-b859-bef64f503926.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">The GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center Is Officially Inaugurated\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>From Specialized Expertise to System Building: Rare Disease Care Enters a More Integrated Stage\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Rare diseases may be individually uncommon, but the real challenge is making sure patients can access coordinated care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More than 7,000 rare diseases have been identified worldwide, and over 80% are associated with genetic factors. In China, the number of people living with rare diseases is estimated to exceed 20 million. Because each individual condition affects relatively few people, recognition at the primary-care level may be limited and care pathways can be fragmented. As a result, many families spend years seeking a definitive diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently one of the most established curative treatment options for several rare hematologic disorders, including thalassemia, aplastic anemia, and primary immunodeficiency disorders, and transplant-based strategies are also used in selected malignant rare diseases such as neuroblastoma. With advances in haploidentical transplantation, the lack of a fully matched donor is no longer the barrier it once was for many families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">But advances in technology do not automatically translate into better outcomes for every patient. Even when a donor is available, families may still face financial pressure. Serious infections or other complications can arise during transplantation. Some patients may need another transplant, while others may struggle with the long-term costs of medication and follow-up after discharge. These are real barriers that can interrupt care and prevent patients from fully benefiting from available treatments.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the inauguration ceremony, Prof. Chunfu LI, President of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology, said that the central purpose of establishing the rare disease center is to bring resources together through a platform-based model and address a key gap in the field: medical technology may be in place, but the surrounding care system may still be incomplete.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F90903cc0c9e74760e098aed39813c5ad_20260914010502.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"90903cc0c9e74760e098aed39813c5ad_20260914010502.png\" alt=\"ea556fbc-c487-4c00-8dcc-4ec2a29dacc4.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Chunfu LI, President of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology, Speaks at the Inauguration Ceremony\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">“Building a rare disease center is, at its core, about building a complete care system: multidisciplinary collaboration, standardized clinical pathways, regional referral networks, and long-term follow-up data. These are not just formalities; they can directly affect survival and quality of life,” Prof. LI said. The GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center will bring together expertise in hematology, pediatrics, rheumatology and immunology, oncology, imaging, critical care, and genetic diagnostics. Through a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model, standardized transplant pathways, regional referral collaboration, and long-term follow-up, the center aims to connect diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship management into one coordinated continuum of care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Innovating Charitable Support: Staying With Families Throughout the Transplant Journey\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Another major announcement at the event was the launch of the Guardian AnAn 2.0 charitable support program.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F0d1d9b929b32639475ee6cd3eca0b2a5_20260914010524.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0d1d9b929b32639475ee6cd3eca0b2a5_20260914010524.png\" alt=\"e016ee77-f1e4-4327-986e-f15d64100cc9.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Ms. Yong MENG, Chair of the Beijing Zhongci Public Welfare Foundation, Introduces the Guardian AnAn 2.0 Charitable Support Program\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Supported by the Beijing Zhongci Public Welfare Foundation, the program upgrades the previous one-time assistance model into a full-cycle support system covering the entire HSCT journey. It is available to eligible families of patients with thalassemia, aplastic anemia (including pure red cell aplasia), and primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) who undergo HSCT at the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The upgraded program provides four levels of assistance: basic support when patients enter the transplant pathway (RMB 10,000-30,000); additional support if serious infections, GVHD, or other complications occur during the peri-transplant period (RMB 10,000-30,000); dedicated assistance for complex cases requiring a second transplant (up to RMB 100,000); and humanitarian assistance for exceptional medical circumstances, activated after individual assessment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The new provision of up to RMB 100,000 for a second transplant drew particular attention. “At the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology, we want to take responsibility for every patient who chooses us,” Prof. LI said. “That responsibility is not only about pursuing better medical technology. It is also about whether we can stand with families when the treatment journey becomes more difficult, help share some of the risk, and reduce the chance that financial pressure forces a family to stop treatment. We do not want practical hardship to become the reason someone has to give up.” He added that the team has confidence in its medical and technical capabilities and expects that only a small number of families will ultimately need this higher level of follow-up assistance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During the event, Ms. Yong MENG, Chair of the Beijing Zhongci Public Welfare Foundation, emphasized the close connection between charitable support and medical care. Stable financial assistance can help patients stay on treatment and reduce interruptions caused by overwhelming financial pressure, supporting greater continuity and quality of care. Medical advances create treatment opportunities, while charitable programs can lower the barriers to accessing and completing care. Together, they can form a more sustainable support system for rare disease patients and families.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Patient Stories: From Facing Rare Disease Alone to Receiving Systematic Support\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the inauguration ceremony, four patients and family members shared their experiences, turning medical progress into stories of everyday life, treatment, and recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Xiao Zhong, 18, and Xiao Qin, 23, had spent much of their childhood and adolescence living around blood transfusions and iron chelation for severe thalassemia. As they entered adulthood, both chose hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the hope of ending lifelong transfusion dependence. As transplantation techniques have matured and donor options have expanded, more older adolescents and adults with thalassemia may now have the opportunity to pursue curative treatment and move toward the future with greater independence.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The importance of social support beyond medical technology was also reflected in the story shared by the mother of a child with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Because PRCA is rare and can be difficult to diagnose, the family went through a long diagnostic journey before the child was fortunate to find a donor through the China Marrow Donor Program and successfully undergo transplantation. After recovery, the mother created a patient mutual-support group. Having once received help herself, she began helping other families by sharing experience, offering emotional support, and connecting them with useful information.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The final story came from the family of a child with neuroblastoma who traveled from Russia to China for treatment. Their cross-border journey involved close multidisciplinary collaboration between the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The expert team developed a systematic and individualized treatment plan that included immunotherapy. This collaboration across institutions and specialties illustrates how coordinated care can support patients with especially complex rare diseases.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fd014b634faebed00b8f65a47e2d79447_20260914010542.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d014b634faebed00b8f65a47e2d79447_20260914010542.png\" alt=\"6aa568a7-bebf-4d39-8c83-7504dc7e2096.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">A Russian Patient Celebrates Chinese New Year in China and Shares Good Wishes\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Together, these four stories span nonmalignant and malignant disease, domestic and international patients, and children, adolescents, and young adults. They reflect a broader shift in rare disease care: from passive waiting to earlier and more active intervention; from one-time treatment to long-term survivorship and quality-of-life management; and from families feeling isolated to patients being supported by a coordinated system.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Clinical Innovation: Expanding Both Safety and Treatment Options\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fe388f9a704c578eeb495681ec99fde6d_20260914010558.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"e388f9a704c578eeb495681ec99fde6d_20260914010558.png\" alt=\"ff604ba3-7bbe-4a18-abbc-6f235bba0f42.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Experts Discuss Advances in Rare Disease Diagnosis and Treatment\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During the expert discussion that followed, clinicians from several specialties shared recent developments in rare disease care.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Limited donor availability was once one of the biggest barriers preventing families from moving forward with transplantation. As haploidentical transplantation has matured, a parent can often serve as a donor, substantially reducing the time patients may otherwise spend waiting for a registry match.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More systematic peri-transplant management has also played a major role in improving transplant safety. High-resolution HLA typing, optimized GVHD-prevention strategies, standardized infection prevention and control, quantitative monitoring, and preemptive treatment have all contributed to reducing transplant-related mortality.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">On the treatment side, CAR-T and other targeted immunotherapies are increasingly being integrated with transplant strategies, creating additional options for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. In high-risk neuroblastoma, multimodal approaches combining chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and transplantation are being used more widely, while CAR-T therapy for glioma remains an area of active exploration. By bringing cases and multidisciplinary expertise together, the GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center aims to build local clinical experience and develop care pathways suited to patients in China.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Chunfu LI noted that as medical technology advances, the focus in rare disease care is shifting from whether a disease can be treated to how to treat it better and help patients live longer. This requires earlier recognition, coordinated referrals, standardized follow-up, and family-centered support - the areas the GoBroad (Guangdong) Rare Disease Center aims to address through a systematic model.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":352,"title":353,"summary":354,"cover":355,"category":65,"publishedAt":349,"contentHtml":356,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"pediatric-relapsed-refractory-b-all-cart-tdh-transplant","Dr. Huaying Liu on New Treatment Options for Relapsed\u002FRefractory Pediatric B-ALL","Dr. Huaying Liu of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains the emerging use of CAR-T therapy combined with TCRαβ+ cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TDH) for children with relapsed\u002Frefractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F86e55ac3c1ed1e0254bd82e0e902d24d.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Huaying Liu of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology provides a practical overview of treatment for relapsed\u002Frefractory pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). She discusses disease classification and risk stratification, immunotherapy strategies such as CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies, indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the principles and potential clinical advantages of TCRαβ+ cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TDH). The article is designed to help families better understand current treatment options and the role of newer approaches in pediatric ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a key treatment for serious hematologic diseases. TCRαβ+ cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TDH) selectively removes αβ T cells from the graft outside the body because these cells can contribute to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), while preserving CD34+ stem cells and large numbers of immune cells such as NK cells and γδ T cells. The aim is to support earlier hematopoietic recovery, reduce the risk of GVHD, and improve long-term quality of life. This approach has shown encouraging outcomes in both international and Chinese practice, but it remains unfamiliar to many families. Here, Dr. Huaying Liu of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains how CAR-T therapy and TDH transplantation may be used together in children with ALL.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Leukemia is one of the most common cancers in children, accounting for around 30% of pediatric cancer diagnoses. Nearly three-quarters of childhood leukemia cases are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). B-ALL accounts for about 85% of ALL, with the remainder made up of T-ALL and other rare subtypes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnosis of ALL is first established through an integrated MICM assessment - morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Patients are then assigned to risk groups according to relevant clinical and biological factors. The exact criteria vary slightly among cooperative groups, but the overall principles are similar.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Risk assessment generally considers the child's age at diagnosis, peripheral white blood cell count, presence of extramedullary leukemia, immunophenotype, cytogenetic findings, and response to treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">International systems used by groups such as the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and St. Jude generally classify children into low-, standard-, high-, and very-high-risk groups. In China, risk stratification more commonly uses three groups: low, intermediate, and high risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Factors associated with a more favorable prognosis include B-ALL, age 1-9.9 years, an initial white blood cell count below 50 × 10^9\u002FL, hyperdiploidy, and ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1), among others.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Factors associated with a less favorable prognosis include age ≥10 years, an initial white blood cell count ≥50 × 10^9\u002FL, T-ALL, certain genetic abnormalities such as BCR::ABL1, KMT2A rearrangements, IKZF1 deletion, low hypodiploidy, and TCF3-HLF fusion, as well as central nervous system leukemia (CNS-3) or testicular leukemia at diagnosis.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">An increasing number of genetic markers are being incorporated into risk assessment. Their clinical significance should be interpreted in context, taking into account coexisting genetic changes and the patient's response to treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With standardized diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for childhood ALL in China is now close to 90%. However, some children still develop refractory or relapsed disease and face a less favorable prognosis.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Defining Relapsed\u002FRefractory ALL and Choosing a Treatment Strategy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Relapsed ALL: leukemia that returns after complete remission (CR), with >5% blasts again detected in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, or leukemia reappearing at any extramedullary site.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Refractory ALL: failure to achieve complete remission (CR) after standard induction therapy, two or more relapses, persistent extramedullary leukemia, or persistently positive measurable residual disease (MRD).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For relapsed\u002Frefractory B-ALL - particularly early relapse, relapse after transplantation, or multiple relapses - conventional chemotherapy often has limited efficacy, and immunologically targeted therapies are now commonly prioritized.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>According to the 2025 CSCO Guidelines for Malignant Hematologic Diseases, commonly used immunotherapies include:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. CAR-T cell therapy: The main targets are CD19 and CD22. Treatment may use a single target, dual targets, or sequential or combined infusion of different CAR-T products.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Bispecific antibody: Blinatumomab, which targets CD3 and CD19.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC): Inotuzumab ozogamicin, which targets CD22.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before CAR-T therapy, patients require a comprehensive assessment of disease status, genetic background, and any extramedullary involvement. During treatment, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and infection require close, full-course management. After treatment, continued monitoring is needed for CAR-T cell expansion, B-cell recovery, MRD, and changes in tumor-associated genetic markers.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A growing body of research and expert consensus in China and internationally suggests that bridging to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after CAR-T therapy can reduce relapse risk and improve long-term leukemia-free survival in some children with relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>When Is Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Considered, and Which Transplant Platform May Be Used?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for children with relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL. Both international and Chinese guidelines and consensus recommendations are available. Current Chinese transplant recommendations (referencing the 2022 edition) outline specific indications for low- and intermediate-risk patients in Tables 1 and 2, while allo-HSCT is recommended for all children classified as high risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F43f87aaef3f7d07827afba20c1f05a6b_20260913235057.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"43f87aaef3f7d07827afba20c1f05a6b_20260913235057.png\" alt=\"f338abed-9eaa-46e8-8ae2-fd3673b4620a.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Table 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F6f625d8e6ffe89d3c16cdfd0d9ccd7ea_20260913235110.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6f625d8e6ffe89d3c16cdfd0d9ccd7ea_20260913235110.png\" alt=\"4f07f9dd-1305-4264-b576-057e3363c82c.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Table 2\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>I. Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative ALL (Ph- ALL)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. First Complete Remission (CR1)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">① Failure to achieve CR after induction therapy; or achievement of CR after induction with measurable residual disease (MRD, assessed by flow cytometry [FCM]) remaining ≥10^-2. For patients with post-induction MRD between 10^-2 and 10^-3, close monitoring of bone marrow MRD is recommended.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">② Persistent MRD by FCM ≥10^-4 after ≥3 months of standardized chemotherapy. For children who are FCM-negative after ≥3 months of standardized chemotherapy but remain positive for a fusion gene, close quantitative monitoring of the fusion gene is recommended; allo-HSCT is recommended if the fusion-gene level shows a progressive increase.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">③ MRD becomes positive on two occasions at any point during treatment, based on FCM or RQ-PCR for a specific fusion gene (FCM MRD ≥0.01%). Based on MRD monitoring, allo-HSCT at an experienced transplant center is recommended.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">④ For patients with MLL rearrangements, allo-HSCT at an experienced center is recommended for those with MLL-AF6 positivity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">⑤ Presence of a TCF3-HLF fusion gene.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">⑥ Hypodiploidy (<44 chromosomes).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Second Complete Remission (CR2)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">① For children with very early relapse (within 18 months of starting treatment) or early relapse (more than 18 months from diagnosis but within 6 months after completion of first-line therapy, or within 36 months of starting treatment), allo-HSCT is recommended in CR2. For late bone marrow relapse (>36 months), allo-HSCT is recommended after CR2 if MRD remains positive (>10^-4).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">② Extramedullary relapse occurring within 18 months of treatment; extramedullary relapse occurring ≥18 months after treatment when remission has not been achieved after 4-8 weeks of therapy; or bone marrow relapse accompanied by extramedullary relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3. All Patients in CR3 or Beyond\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>II. Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive ALL (Ph+ ALL)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">① Children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL or BCR\u002FABL fusion-positive ALL who do not achieve remission after standard induction chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">② After 3 months of regular chemotherapy combined with an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), such as imatinib or dasatinib, the quantitative BCR\u002FABL fusion level has fallen by less than 3 log levels from baseline.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">③ Presence of the ABL T315I mutation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. First Complete Remission (CR1)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">① Failure to achieve bone marrow CR after a standard induction regimen; or achievement of CR with MRD by FCM remaining ≥10^-2.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">② At the end of intensification therapy (approximately 2.5-3 months after treatment begins), MRD remains >10^-3, or extramedullary leukemia persists, including disease in the mediastinum, lymph nodes, central nervous system, or other sites.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">③ MRD by FCM becomes positive on two or more occasions at any point during treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">④ Isolated extramedullary relapse within 18 months of starting treatment; for extramedullary relapse occurring ≥18 months after treatment begins, treatment response and bone marrow MRD should be closely monitored. Allo-HSCT is required for patients with a poor treatment response or concomitant bone marrow MRD relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. Second Complete Remission (CR2)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Any bone marrow and\u002For extramedullary relapse. Donor selection should take into account the patient's disease status, donor availability and characteristics, and the transplant center's experience.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, as transplant techniques have continued to improve, related haploidentical transplantation has increasingly become a preferred option in leukemia treatment. It expands donor availability - virtually every patient can identify a potential haploidentical family donor - while modern transplant strategies focus not only on successful engraftment, but also on preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect to help prevent relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Three major haploidentical transplant platforms are widely used internationally. A key difference among them is when and how T cells are depleted to prevent GVHD:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The first is αβ T-cell-depleted transplantation, an ex vivo T-cell depletion approach. TDH is one example. Before stem cell infusion, magnetic bead selection is used outside the body to selectively remove αβ T cells from the graft because these cells can contribute to GVHD, while preserving stem cells, NK cells, and other immune cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The second is an antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based transplant platform, often referred to as the “Beijing protocol,” which uses in vivo T-cell depletion. ATG is given intravenously during conditioning before transplantation to deplete T cells in the patient's body and reduce the risk of GVHD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The third is post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), another in vivo T-cell depletion strategy. Cyclophosphamide is given on days +3 and +4 after stem cell infusion to selectively eliminate activated T cells that might attack the recipient's tissues. The ATG- and PTCy-based approaches generally require immunosuppressive medication after transplantation to prevent GVHD. With TDH, immunosuppression may be avoided or used only briefly and at low doses, allowing other immune cells, including NK cells, to better contribute to antileukemia activity after transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Our center uses the TDH transplant platform. Because many parents are unfamiliar with this approach, the basic principle is explained below.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>How TDH Works\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>A donor stem cell collection contains not only CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, but also substantial numbers of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. T cells include both αβ T cells and γδ T cells. Magnetic bead selection can selectively remove αβ T cells while preserving abundant CD34+ stem cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and other components of the graft. After infusion, these cells can support rapid hematopoietic recovery and contribute to anti-infective and antitumor immunity.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">With conventional haploidentical transplantation, GVHD can remain an important complication. Severe GVHD may lead to life-threatening problems and affect overall outcomes, while persistent chronic GVHD can substantially reduce a patient's quality of life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Our center is one of the institutions in China with a large number of TDH transplants and extensive accumulated clinical data. TDH has been used at our center for a range of conditions, including nonmalignant hematologic diseases such as severe thalassemia and aplastic anemia; malignant hematologic diseases such as ALL, AML, and JMML; and immunodeficiency disorders. In particular, encouraging outcomes have been observed in children with relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL undergoing TDH transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Since 2022, our center has presented related research findings at major meetings in China and internationally, including the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. Two studies of TDH transplantation in leukemia were selected for presentation as abstracts at the 2025 ASH Annual Meeting.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>As of July 2025, 55 children with relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL had received CAR-T therapy followed by TDH transplantation at our center, including 51 with B-ALL and 4 with T-ALL. The median age at transplantation was 8 years, and the median follow-up was 29 months. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 90.6%, leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 86.8%, the relapse rate was 4.2%, and non-relapse mortality was 9.4%.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Analysis of all children with relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL who underwent TDH transplantation showed different outcomes depending on the remission status at the time of transplant (CR1, CR2, or ≥CR3). The 2-year OS rates were 95.2% for CR1, 93.9% for CR2, and 67.5% for ≥CR3. The corresponding 2-year LFS rates were 95.2%, 83.2%, and 58.3%. The cumulative incidences of grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 9.1% and 12.7%, respectively.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For children with high-risk or relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL who have an indication for transplantation, early allo-HSCT should therefore be considered. TDH transplantation may support durable remission with a relatively low rate of GVHD. Early tumor-genetic testing is also recommended to identify adverse prognostic alterations and determine whether targeted therapies may be available. Even after transplantation, MRD should be monitored regularly, and additional consolidation approaches - such as oral targeted therapy or scheduled donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) - may be considered to further reduce the risk of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Example\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Xiao Yu, a girl born in 2011, was diagnosed with B-ALL at age 3 in 2014. She completed standard chemotherapy but did not undergo regular follow-up. In 2020, she experienced her first relapse in the bone marrow and received an autologous murine-derived CD19 CAR-T product at another hospital. During treatment, she developed sepsis, grade 3 CRS, and grade 2 ICANS. She achieved remission and was observed afterward, but regular follow-up was not maintained.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>In 2021, 14 months after CAR-T therapy, she experienced a second bone marrow relapse. After coming to our center, bone marrow flow cytometry showed MRD of 79.5%, with CD19 and CD22 positivity. Lymphoid malignancy genetic testing detected KRAS at 35.94%, with predicted sensitivity to trametinib and cobimetinib. She first received cytoreductive chemotherapy, followed by sequential infusion of humanized CD19 CAR-T and CD22 CAR-T cells. Grade 1 CRS occurred during treatment. Flow cytometry MRD and KRAS testing both became negative. She subsequently proceeded to TDH transplantation using her mother as the donor.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>She is now more than three years post-transplant and returned to regular schooling two years ago.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Although childhood ALL cannot currently be prevented, it has become a highly treatable disease. When facing the diagnosis, families should focus on three pillars: standardized treatment, close partnership with the medical team, and strong social support. Continuing to pursue appropriate treatment can give each child the best possible chance of cure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":358,"title":359,"summary":360,"cover":361,"category":76,"publishedAt":362,"contentHtml":363,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-transplant-purtscher-like-retinopathy-first-report","International Journal Publication | Collaborative Team of Dr. Tong Wu, Dr. Zhihui Li, and Prof. Yong Tao Reports First Case of Purtscher-Like Retinopathy After CAR-T Bridging to Allo-HSCT","A collaborative team from Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, has published the first report of Purtscher-like retinopathy after CAR-T therapy bridging to allogeneic HSCT, highlighting a potential association with transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA).","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fee8ac27d6f72cd3d9eb3f1c05256b5a4.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-02-13","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: A collaborative team led by Dr. Tong Wu and Dr. Zhihui Li of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Yong Tao of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, published a case report in Frontiers in Immunology describing, for the first time, a rare case of Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR) in a child with relapsed B-ALL after CAR-T therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The study details the retinal imaging features of PLR, the response to anti-VEGF treatment, and its potential mechanistic relationship with transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). The findings highlight the importance of recognizing atypical complications that may reflect broader systemic changes in patients receiving complex immunotherapy and transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As CAR-T cell therapy becomes more widely used for relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, more patients are achieving deep remissions and moving on to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the same time, the use of multiple sequential immunotherapies can make post-transplant complications more complex. In this setting, recognizing atypical complications early and avoiding delays in intervention has become an increasingly important issue in clinical practice.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, a collaborative team with Dr. Tong Wu of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Yong Tao of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, as co-corresponding authors, and Dr. Zhihui Li of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital as first author, published a case report in Frontiers in Immunology. The team provided the first systematic report of a rare case of Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR) occurring after CAR-T therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and explored its potential mechanistic association with transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Zhihui Li noted that, in clinical practice, some complications do not initially present with typical hematologic abnormalities. Instead, they may first appear as localized, nonspecific symptoms, making early recognition more difficult. Against this background, the team systematically reviewed and analyzed the rare ocular findings that developed after CAR-T therapy and transplantation in this case, with the aim of drawing attention to the possible systemic significance behind atypical manifestations in patients receiving complex immunotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F94596ae7b7b7ff4daae06d18c233b9d1_20260914004633.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"94596ae7b7b7ff4daae06d18c233b9d1_20260914004633.png\" alt=\"5508bf1f-9772-4275-bfe0-99ea045e3624.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Overview\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>From Multiple Lines of Immunotherapy to Transplantation: Reviewing a Complex Treatment Journey\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study describes a child with relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). After the initial diagnosis, the patient received standard treatment and achieved remission, but experienced the first hematologic relapse approximately 2.5 years later. To regain disease control, the patient received CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and achieved remission, followed sequentially by CD22 CAR-T cell therapy to further consolidate disease control and reduce the risk of antigen escape.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In 2024, the disease progressed again and relapsed with extramedullary involvement. At this stage, the treatment strategy shifted toward antibody-based immunotherapy in an effort to achieve another remission. The patient received an anti-CD22 antibody-drug conjugate, inotuzumab ozogamicin, together with immunomodulatory therapy such as belimumab. Once an appropriate transplant window was achieved, the patient proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Recognizing and Managing Sudden Vision Changes: Imaging Features of PLR and Response to Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Approximately 160 days after transplantation, the patient developed sudden, painless loss of vision accompanied by visual distortion, with no history of trauma. A comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, including fundus photography (Figure 1A & B), optical coherence tomography (OCT; Figure 2A & B), and fluorescein fundus angiography, led to a diagnosis of Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient first received a 0.5 mg intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in the left eye, administered once monthly. Six days after the first injection, vision in the left eye improved markedly, with substantial reductions in optic disc edema and retinal hemorrhage (Figures 1D and 2D).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To further investigate the underlying mechanism, the research team performed a cytometric bead array (CBA) analysis of aqueous humor. Levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly elevated, suggesting disruption of the blood-retinal barrier.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During this period, vision in the right eye deteriorated rapidly, accompanied by increased retinal hemorrhage and cotton-wool spots, as well as worsening optic disc edema (Figures 1C and 2F). The team subsequently initiated a 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab injection in the right eye.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Eight days after the first injection in the right eye, vision in the left eye continued to improve. Although vision in the right eye did not improve further, fundus examinations of both eyes showed marked reductions in retinal hemorrhage, cotton-wool spots, and optic disc edema (Figures 1E, F; Figures 2E, F), suggesting that anti-VEGF therapy had a positive effect on controlling retinal microvascular lesions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F3ff84a50cd576455cb72fb3705fcbb56_20260914004653.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3ff84a50cd576455cb72fb3705fcbb56_20260914004653.png\" alt=\"bda04518-8bc3-4a8e-a08a-c16b122bc23f.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1. Fundus photographs of both eyes\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(A, B) Multiple retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and yellow-white Purtscher flecken are visible in the posterior poles of both eyes, with more extensive involvement in the left eye.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(C) Compared with the earlier examination, retinal hemorrhage, cotton-wool spots, and Purtscher flecken are markedly increased in the right eye.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(D) Six days after intravitreal ranibizumab injection in the left eye, retinal hemorrhage is partially absorbed, while the cotton-wool spots and Purtscher flecken show little change.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(E) Eight days after intravitreal ranibizumab injection in the right eye, retinal hemorrhage, cotton-wool spots, and Purtscher flecken are markedly reduced compared with the previous examination.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(F) Fifteen days after intravitreal ranibizumab injection in the left eye, retinal hemorrhage shows further absorption, with additional reductions in cotton-wool spots and Purtscher flecken.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F52242665c0afc019502f6708790fb5ba_20260914004709.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"52242665c0afc019502f6708790fb5ba_20260914004709.png\" alt=\"ae1618a0-060e-4d3e-8c5f-b2a0e9dd408e.png\" style=\"font-size: 15px;\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 2. OCT images of both eyes\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(A) Right eye (February 19): Edema and thickening of the inner retina with cystoid macular edema measuring approximately 249 μm.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(B) Left eye (February 19): Marked edema and thickening of the inner retina, with cystoid macular edema measuring approximately 885 μm and multiple focal hyperreflective lesions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(C) Right eye (March 3): Further worsening of inner retinal edema and thickening, with cystoid macular edema measuring approximately 822 μm, markedly increased from the previous examination.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(D) Left eye (March 3): Reduced inner retinal edema and thickening, with cystoid macular edema measuring approximately 358 μm, markedly decreased from the previous examination.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(E) Right eye (March 12): Marked improvement in inner retinal edema and thickening, with cystoid macular edema measuring approximately 253 μm, substantially reduced from prior examinations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">(F) Left eye (March 12): Cystoid macular edema measures approximately 260 μm, with little change compared with the previous image.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>From Retinal Findings to Systemic Assessment: Recognition and Management of TA-TMA\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">While evaluating and treating the ocular lesions, the research team also carried out a systemic assessment. On post-transplant day 179, lymphocyte subset analysis showed a CD4\u002FCD8 ratio of 0.22, B cells at 5.05%, and NK cells at 21.68%, indicating limited immune reconstitution.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">By post-transplant day 194, the patient had developed severe thrombocytopenia, with a nadir platelet count of 40 × 10^9\u002FL, marked proteinuria (24-hour urinary protein, 2,400 mg), renal impairment (serum creatinine, 133.9 μmol\u002FL), and complement activation (C5b-9, 298 ng\u002FmL), together with serous effusions in multiple body cavities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Following a systematic evaluation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, and other potential causes were excluded. Together with an increased proportion of schistocytes in peripheral blood (0.8%), the findings led to a diagnosis of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For TA-TMA, the patient received defibrotide and eculizumab, together with supportive treatment including diuretics, antihypertensive therapy, and management of capillary leak. The patient's overall condition subsequently stabilized.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Zhihui Li noted that this study provides the first systematic report of Purtscher-like retinopathy occurring in a child with relapsed B-ALL after CAR-T therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Importantly, in this case, the retinal manifestations appeared before some of the systemic abnormalities, offering a new perspective on how post-transplant microvascular complications may evolve. As immunotherapy and transplantation are increasingly integrated, clinicians need to pay closer attention to atypical symptoms such as sudden vision changes. Combining imaging evaluation with systemic assessment may help identify underlying microvascular injury or complement-related abnormalities at an earlier stage and allow timely management. Multidisciplinary collaboration and careful, individualized assessment may further improve the recognition and management of post-transplant complications, enhancing overall treatment safety and outcomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Yong Tao commented: “As patients with hematologic diseases increasingly survive intensive treatment, protecting quality of life becomes equally important. Vision accounts for more than 90% of the information people take in from the world, and irreversible vision loss can place a heavy burden on the patient's daily life, work, and family. This report describes Purtscher-like retinopathy in a child with relapsed B-ALL after CAR-T therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although active treatment reduced retinal edema and gradually improved ischemic changes, the patient was still left with severe, irreversible visual impairment. We hope this case encourages clinicians to move screening earlier in the care pathway by considering routine fundus examinations for high-risk patients, using AI-assisted screening where appropriate, identifying retinal abnormalities as early as possible, and intervening promptly.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":365,"title":366,"summary":367,"cover":368,"category":65,"publishedAt":369,"contentHtml":370,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"tcr-ab-t-depleted-haploidentical-transplant","Expert Q&A: How Is TCRαβ-Depleted Transplantation Different from Conventional HSCT, and How Do You Choose?","Dr. Huaying LIU of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains, in a patient-friendly Q&A, how TCRαβ-depleted transplantation works, who may be considered for it, and how it differs from conventional transplant approaches.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fa0468e38a1958a556c0093d212a62ff4.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-02-12","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: In this Q&A, Dr. Huaying LIU of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology answers common questions about TCRαβ+ T-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TDH). She explains how TDH differs from the Beijing protocol, which uses ATG for in vivo T-cell depletion, and the post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) approach. TDH instead uses ex vivo immunomagnetic separation to selectively deplete αβ T cells while preserving beneficial immune cells such as γδ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The article also discusses potential advantages such as a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), reduced need for routine post-transplant immunosuppression, and earlier hematopoietic recovery, as well as strategies used to reduce relapse risk, including pre-transplant CAR-T therapy, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), and targeted maintenance treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">TCRαβ+ T-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TDH) is one of the major approaches to haploidentical transplantation and is designed to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To address questions commonly raised by patients and families, Dr. Huaying LIU of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains the key issues in a Q&A format.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q1: A 3-year-old girl was diagnosed with high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in late August 2025 and is now in consolidation therapy under the SCCG-ALL-2023 high-risk protocol. Her high-risk features include NF1 and MYC mutations, p16 deletion, severe hypodiploidy (only about 26 chromosomes), and CNS3 involvement at diagnosis. Her treatment response has been very good: flow cytometry was negative by day 33 and the CNS leukemia cleared. With this combination of very high-risk genetics but a strong early treatment response, is transplantation still necessary? If MRD remains negative, could chemotherapy alone be sufficient? How do these risk factors affect long-term survival, and what are the most important decision points going forward?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Regardless of the pediatric ALL cooperative-group protocol being used, the basic treatment principle is similar: therapy is guided by risk stratification. Risk groups are defined using clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular features that are widely recognized as being closely related to prognosis, together with treatment-response indicators such as measurable residual disease (MRD).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Although this child has responded well so far, transplantation would still be the preferred option because of the prognostic significance of her high-risk features. The exact transplant strategy may differ between centers. If transplantation cannot be performed immediately for practical or clinical reasons, bone marrow MRD should be monitored closely during subsequent chemotherapy, particularly molecular and cytogenetic markers. If a marker converts from negative to positive, treatment should be adjusted promptly. Immunotherapy may be considered when appropriate, with the goal of restoring bone marrow MRD or molecular negativity before proceeding to transplantation as early as possible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q2: How does T-cell-depleted transplantation differ from conventional transplantation? When might TDH be considered, and what are its potential advantages?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: TDH has been used extensively in Europe and the United States, and GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology has accumulated substantial experience with this approach in China. During hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, three of the major concerns for both doctors and patients are infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and relapse, especially in malignant hematologic diseases. Historically, fully matched donors were often preferred. Subsequent clinical experience has shown that haploidentical transplantation may provide a stronger graft-versus-leukemia effect in some hematologic malignancies. At the same time, haploidentical transplantation can carry higher risks, and both acute and chronic GVHD can affect quality of life, increase the risk of infection and other complications, and in severe cases become life-threatening.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">There are currently three major approaches to haploidentical transplantation. The first is the Beijing protocol, which uses antithymocyte globulin (ATG) during conditioning for in vivo T-cell depletion. The second is the post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) approach, in which cyclophosphamide is given three to four days after stem cell infusion to eliminate alloreactive T cells in vivo. The third is TDH. Before the graft is infused, immunomagnetic separation is used ex vivo to remove the αβ T cells most responsible for GVHD while preserving a graft rich in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and other components.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After infusion, these retained cells can support faster hematopoietic recovery and contribute to anti-infective and antitumor immunity. Patients receiving TDH do not routinely require immunosuppressive medication for GVHD prophylaxis. Whether TDH is appropriate for an individual patient still depends on a comprehensive assessment of disease type, overall health, genetic background, tumor burden, and other clinical factors.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q3: Compared with conventional transplantation, would a child usually spend more or less time in the hospital and in protective isolation? Does the overall treatment experience feel very different?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Conventional transplantation includes both fully matched and haploidentical approaches. For malignant hematologic diseases, our transplant strategy also takes post-transplant relapse risk into account when selecting the donor and platform. Compared with other haploidentical approaches, TDH is associated in our experience with relatively early neutrophil and megakaryocyte engraftment, a shorter period of severe neutropenia, and a lower infection risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Earlier platelet engraftment may also reduce bleeding risk and the need for blood product transfusions, which can shorten the time a child needs to remain in the transplant unit. One of the biggest differences between TDH and many other transplant approaches is that routine post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy is generally not required. After leaving protective isolation, children therefore take fewer oral medications and do not need regular outpatient blood tests to monitor immunosuppressant drug levels and adjust dosing.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q4: What T-cell-depletion method does your center use? Are the stem cells processed outside the body, or are medications given to the child to remove T cells?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Our TDH approach uses ex vivo T-cell depletion. We selectively remove αβ T cells from the mobilized hematopoietic stem cell graft before infusion using immunomagnetic separation. This process is performed on the collected stem cell product, so there is no need to give the patient a special medication solely for the purpose of removing these αβ T cells in vivo.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q5: Some families worry that removing T cells might increase the risk of leukemia relapse. What measures do you use to reduce that risk? For example, are newer drugs or targeted therapies used after transplant, or are planned donor lymphocyte infusions given?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Earlier forms of ex vivo T-cell-depleted transplantation used in China often referred to CD34-positive selection, which is different from the TCRαβ+ T-cell-depletion strategy used at our center. Recent international multicenter transplant data suggest that TCRαβ+ depletion (TDH) does not increase the risk of leukemia relapse compared with other transplant approaches.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Our center's five-year treatment data also show a relatively low relapse risk after TDH. This reflects not only the transplant platform itself, but also the comprehensive treatment strategy we use for leukemia. For each patient, we develop a full-course treatment plan that includes achieving deep MRD remission before transplant, individualizing the transplant strategy, and providing post-transplant consolidation or maintenance treatment when appropriate.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For example, immunotherapies such as blinatumomab or CAR-T may be used before transplant in selected patients. After transplant, targeted drugs may be chosen according to the patient's molecular findings, and scheduled donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) may also be used as part of maintenance or relapse-prevention strategies. The exact plan depends on factors such as genetic test results and whether a suitable therapeutic target is available. Because routine oral immunosuppressive therapy is not required after TDH, DLI can often be started relatively early. The GVHD risk associated with this approach is generally lower and can be managed closely. At our center, dose-escalated DLI is typically started at a median of around 40 days after transplant.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q6: Does T-cell-depleted transplantation mean a child will have almost no immune protection for a long time after transplant? How does your center monitor and prevent infections, including viruses such as CMV and EBV?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is fundamentally a process of rebuilding both blood formation and the immune system, so immune recovery takes time after any transplant. The graft used in TDH contains not only large numbers of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, but also γδ T cells, NK cells, and other immune components.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After infusion, these cells can support relatively rapid hematopoietic recovery and contribute to infection control. As mentioned earlier, because the GVHD risk is lower after TDH, DLI can be introduced relatively early, and donor lymphocytes themselves can provide adoptive immune support. In addition to DLI, our center can also use memory T-cell infusions. Donor lymphocytes undergo CD45RA depletion so that memory T cells can be collected and cryopreserved, then infused later in gradually increasing doses when needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This strategy can be used to help prevent and treat common viral infections after transplant, including CMV and EBV. We also start antiviral prophylaxis early when indicated and monitor viral levels closely - for example, weekly in the early post-transplant period, then every two weeks, and later monthly as appropriate. Antiviral treatment is adjusted promptly based on the results. Cellular infusions can also be used to strengthen antiviral immunity in selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q7: If everything goes smoothly, can TDH substantially reduce the risk of severe GVHD? Could that have meaningful long-term benefits for a child's growth and development, including height, learning, and pubertal development?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Yes. Compared with other transplant approaches, TDH is associated with a markedly lower incidence of both acute and chronic GVHD. Reducing GVHD is particularly important for children's long-term growth and development. A lower GVHD rate can substantially reduce the need for immunosuppressive therapy, and prolonged or intensive use of these medications can itself contribute to complications affecting growth, development, endocrine function, and other areas. Chronic GVHD is also an important long-term concern. Dr. Liu also cited a recent retrospective analysis from an Italian transplant team using TDH in children with relapsed\u002Frefractory leukemia (R\u002FR ALL\u002FAML): the 10-year GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 65.1%, and among patients who were MRD-negative before transplant, 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 73.6%. Patients transplanted in CR1 or CR2 had better outcomes than those transplanted in CR3.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At last year's American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, a U.S. research team also presented a comparison of TDH and PTCy, reporting better GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) with TDH. Our center also presented a poster at ASH last year on TDH for pediatric relapsed\u002Frefractory ALL. The two-year overall survival (OS) was 90.1%, and two-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 83.2%. Among patients who received TDH after CAR-T therapy, two-year OS was 90.8%, two-year LFS was 87.3%, and the relapse rate was 3.6%. The main causes of treatment failure remained relapse and infection. Our team continues to refine the strategy in an effort to further reduce both risks.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Q8: After TDH, approximately how long does immune recovery take before a child can return to school and resume more normal contact with the outside world?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Huaying Liu: Immune recovery after transplantation is complex and dynamic and involves the reconstitution of multiple immune-cell subsets. Post-transplant complications such as GVHD and infections, including CMV, as well as the use of immunosuppressive medications, can delay immune recovery. Immune function should be monitored regularly - often monthly early on, with the interval gradually extended to every three months, every six months, and eventually once a year depending on the patient's recovery.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients receiving TDH often achieve hematopoietic recovery relatively early. Because GVHD rates are lower and routine oral immunosuppressive therapy is generally not needed, memory T-cell infusions or dose-escalated DLI can be used earlier when appropriate to provide adoptive immune support. Patients whose B-cell function has not yet recovered may also receive immunoglobulin replacement when indicated. In many patients, immune function gradually recovers over approximately the first year after transplant. Once immune reconstitution is adequate, the child may be able to return to school and resume broader contact with the outside environment, based on the medical team's assessment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":372,"title":373,"summary":374,"cover":375,"category":65,"publishedAt":369,"contentHtml":376,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"lumbar-puncture-csf-cns-leukemia-diagnosis-guide","Expert Guide: Lumbar Puncture and CSF Testing - A Key Step in Detecting CNS Leukemia","A practical guide to five types of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing performed after lumbar puncture, with real cases showing why the tests complement one another in diagnosing central nervous system leukemia.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fb2be9ee9fe9436dd6f421dac60f7dc28.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Central nervous system leukemia (CNS leukemia) is one of the most common extramedullary manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by lumbar puncture is a key part of diagnosis. This article explains five major types of CSF testing - routine analysis, biochemical testing, cytomorphology, flow cytometry, and molecular testing - and uses four real cases to show how the results complement one another. Routine cell counts and biochemistry are mainly screening tools; flow cytometry offers high sensitivity for detecting very small populations of abnormal cells; and molecular testing can be particularly useful in patients with known fusion genes or other genetic abnormalities. Integrating multiple test results is important for accurately identifying CNS leukemia and reducing the risk of missed disease and relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Central nervous system leukemia (CNS leukemia) is one of the most common extramedullary manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Doctors commonly perform a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and check for leukemia cells, helping determine whether the central nervous system is involved. It is important to remember, however, that CNS leukemia can also present as an intracranial mass, spinal cord involvement, or involvement of the eyes or cranial nerves.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Diagnosing CNS leukemia requires sensitive molecular and immunologic methods rather than relying on cell counts alone. Timely and accurate testing can help reduce the risk of relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This article explains how CSF obtained through lumbar puncture is evaluated for CNS leukemia, and uses real cases to show why the different tests are important and how they complement one another.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>CSF Tests and What They Tell Us\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The main goal of CSF testing is to determine whether leukemia cells are present in the cerebrospinal fluid. In some patients, CSF testing can also help evaluate other central nervous system problems, such as infection or autoimmune encephalitis. Common tests include:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Routine CSF Analysis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine analysis includes assessing the appearance of the CSF - for example, whether it is clear and what color it is - as well as measuring white blood cells, red blood cells, mononuclear cells, and polymorphonuclear cells. Example reports:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F0f2629f7515ec52c1ae355be481bbb09_20260913233747.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0f2629f7515ec52c1ae355be481bbb09_20260913233747.png\" alt=\"9a1baa42-e800-42d5-8f29-e70d5fcc3e7a.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Routine CSF analysis: normal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F1c62e25aecaba36c4e0ce4834733ef28_20260913233759.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"1c62e25aecaba36c4e0ce4834733ef28_20260913233759.png\" alt=\"d7d58587-c54c-48aa-8eae-35a24cd4155f.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Routine CSF analysis: traumatic tap\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Normally, CSF is clear and colorless, and the white blood cell count falls within the reference range. When leukemia cells are present, especially in large numbers, the fluid may appear pale yellow and the white blood cell count is often elevated. If blood enters the CSF sample and red blood cells are detected, the fluid may look red or pink; in this situation, the first step is to determine whether the blood was introduced by a traumatic lumbar puncture.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Infections can also raise the CSF white blood cell count and change the appearance of the fluid. When that happens, other tests are needed to help determine the cause.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. CSF Biochemistry\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This usually includes chloride, glucose, and total CSF protein. Example report:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F95b3007ba6b8253f30a7c2b9cce01edf_20260913233813.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"95b3007ba6b8253f30a7c2b9cce01edf_20260913233813.png\" alt=\"4f3636a3-3ec1-4668-be0e-b6f023e76ca9.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">CSF biochemistry: normal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Under normal circumstances, CSF biochemical values fall within their reference ranges. In patients with CNS leukemia, findings may include elevated protein and\u002For low chloride and\u002For low glucose. Similar changes can also occur with infection, so the results need to be interpreted together with other tests.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF analysis and biochemistry are both basic tests performed with lumbar puncture. Because they can be affected by infection, chemotherapy-related changes, or a traumatic tap, they cannot confirm CNS leukemia on their own and are best used as initial screening tools.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. CSF Cytomorphology\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This test uses manual microscopic examination to classify the cells present in CSF. Example report:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fafd368ada3213faa4ed09ac53f732ea1_20260913233826.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"afd368ada3213faa4ed09ac53f732ea1_20260913233826.png\" alt=\"3284ecea-c8eb-4cd5-a5b1-ff154e458342.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Manual review allows the laboratory team to directly examine the cellular components in the CSF.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Its main advantage is that the findings can be visually clear and specific. However, because the test relies on manual examination, its sensitivity is relatively limited, so the result often needs to be interpreted together with other tests.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. CSF Flow Cytometry\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Principle: Flow cytometry identifies malignant cells by detecting characteristic combinations of antigens on the surface of leukemia cells. The principle is similar to immunophenotyping of bone marrow samples. Key feature:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Flow cytometry is highly sensitive and can detect very small populations of residual abnormal cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Example report:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F765593740cb72c22fd1c0ef4a187e55d_20260913233840.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"765593740cb72c22fd1c0ef4a187e55d_20260913233840.png\" alt=\"1f46d25c-f0c8-4f7a-8d2c-b54d5cd0d9ad.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">CSF flow cytometry in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Molecular Testing of CSF\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Principle: Molecular testing looks for leukemia-specific genetic markers - such as the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene or NPM1 variants - using PCR or next-generation sequencing (NGS). It is mainly applicable to patients with a known genetic abnormality, such as Ph-positive ALL or APL. It is used less broadly than immunophenotyping, but for a defined molecular marker it may offer even greater analytical sensitivity than flow cytometry.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Example report:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fcc25aebb8e009344412213cf8f9c55d0_20260913233850.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"cc25aebb8e009344412213cf8f9c55d0_20260913233850.png\" alt=\"db643768-139b-49a8-9133-88d24d7b3677.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">CSF fusion-gene testing in a patient with APL and a previous history of CNS leukemia\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CSF cytology, flow cytometry, and genetic testing can also be used more broadly when evaluating hematologic diseases involving the central nervous system. In primary or secondary CNS hematologic disease, particularly when abnormalities are confined to the CNS, CSF may be one of the most important specimens available. A comprehensive workup can include broad flow-cytometric screening, molecular testing, and in selected cases even cytogenetic studies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Patient Case Examples\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Case 1\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF analysis and biochemistry were normal, but cytomorphology and flow cytometry detected CNS leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: 23-year-old woman with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia. She had no clinical symptoms.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F5aed65f7baeb7b13ea97edb3478114e1_20260913233913.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"5aed65f7baeb7b13ea97edb3478114e1_20260913233913.png\" alt=\"b6f41a22-0417-4fbf-8363-230d219656ca.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Routine CSF white blood cell count: 0\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F78805a221a988e79ef3f42d7c5bfd418_20260913233929.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"78805a221a988e79ef3f42d7c5bfd418_20260913233929.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F00c69905848eb7155a7be19b52141d8a_20260913233941.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"00c69905848eb7155a7be19b52141d8a_20260913233941.png\" alt=\"d9d176e6-3059-4553-a69b-6fa5492de442.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fe8d2aa4ed5b347993ae0965c12321d72_20260913234002.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"e8d2aa4ed5b347993ae0965c12321d72_20260913234002.png\" alt=\"41a24ba1-4cfe-4cec-85d2-4dd62cd659e5.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Case 2\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF findings were normal. CSF glucose and chloride were above the reference range, while cytomorphology and flow cytometry showed no abnormalities. CNS leukemia was detected only because quantitative testing for a fusion gene in CSF was positive.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: 14-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Faa229856eae77a7e540fb0cdb2f765b3_20260913234021.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"aa229856eae77a7e540fb0cdb2f765b3_20260913234021.png\" alt=\"bfd983fd-2c16-4ba9-b01a-6618e3ac18e2.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fca2d7655303f92607e39ad29b62feadb_20260913234033.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"ca2d7655303f92607e39ad29b62feadb_20260913234033.png\" alt=\"b161877a-7370-4ba4-9673-96b412205608.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F287f4ce26c056c3814336b33efcf1b14_20260913234058.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"287f4ce26c056c3814336b33efcf1b14_20260913234058.png\" alt=\"7e4fdeb7-64cf-46ab-a912-bf73fc4e3677.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Case 3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF testing showed an elevated white blood cell count, while biochemistry was normal and cytomorphology, flow cytometry, and molecular testing were all negative. The elevated cells were considered reactive, and CNS leukemia was excluded. Patient:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">24-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a ZBTB5-JAK2 fusion gene.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Ffaa46762b0a55e413f4d3fff26d674e9_20260913234126.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"faa46762b0a55e413f4d3fff26d674e9_20260913234126.png\" alt=\"1f7260d5-4b94-4f64-957f-b3593a7fc899.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF white blood cell count: 18, elevated\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fe309cd4206e006aa760eaac61a16341f_20260913234134.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"e309cd4206e006aa760eaac61a16341f_20260913234134.png\" alt=\"c189495e-fbe4-4288-a429-e8f4c71548cb.png\"\u002F>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fadbb9bd93f66560046599c2006f04f78_20260913234153.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"adbb9bd93f66560046599c2006f04f78_20260913234153.png\" alt=\"2421e4d6-46a4-4204-975b-ecc5004a58d8.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F0b2597a80fbbceba1a2c39a461b8e620_20260913234202.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0b2597a80fbbceba1a2c39a461b8e620_20260913234202.png\" alt=\"3db1998d-07ab-45d7-9d56-a380d888ac55.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F9be31431b3740595a3ea3a428ccb0977_20260913234211.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"9be31431b3740595a3ea3a428ccb0977_20260913234211.png\" alt=\"9ad0e2d1-87d6-4165-a5b2-10977c2cbb8a.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Case 4\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF testing showed an elevated white blood cell count, and all biochemical parameters were abnormal. Cytomorphology, flow cytometry, and molecular testing showed no evidence of leukemia. A CAR-T cell assay detected CAR-T cells in the CSF, supporting that the elevated cells represented CAR-T cells entering the central nervous system rather than CNS leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patient: 38-year-old man with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, positive for a SET-CAN fusion gene, after CD7 CAR-T therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F07aae51c2bdede839467593e556f730f_20260913234225.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"07aae51c2bdede839467593e556f730f_20260913234225.png\" alt=\"8721105a-98db-4f3a-b098-4a26cb6e6152.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Routine CSF white blood cell count: 52, elevated\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fc21a479c6a611bcf736df849158ed0af_20260913234235.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c21a479c6a611bcf736df849158ed0af_20260913234235.png\" alt=\"efa37f7d-c67f-4c62-a786-e3d5a2a1621f.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F370c6b5254bf28c3e2b753935e2d3b5a_20260913234245.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"370c6b5254bf28c3e2b753935e2d3b5a_20260913234245.png\" alt=\"dbe1b781-f23d-4298-91ae-50c1416a7717.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fd63ed45bf76ee640ea084681027d14d5_20260913234301.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"d63ed45bf76ee640ea084681027d14d5_20260913234301.png\" alt=\"85d51f98-52c8-4c5d-b9f0-3b49ace2517d.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F1ba23cf725a4490fcecdce4b0bb0203d_20260913234312.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"1ba23cf725a4490fcecdce4b0bb0203d_20260913234312.png\" alt=\"858f3ad2-f821-46c8-badb-d9ed8c1508ea.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fc6cb6b9fbcb71fd5faa5deb29509ce0b_20260913234325.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c6cb6b9fbcb71fd5faa5deb29509ce0b_20260913234325.png\" alt=\"ffb8636d-f75a-4794-9075-b81ee1f4095d.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Testing Strategy\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing lumbar puncture and CSF testing, several points are worth keeping in mind:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Tests Commonly Recommended for CSF\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Basic tests: routine cell count, biochemistry (protein\u002Fglucose), cytomorphology (microscopic review of cell morphology), and flow-cytometric immunophenotyping.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Advanced tests: if a fusion gene or gene mutation has already been identified, related molecular testing may be added, such as testing for MLL rearrangements or TP53 mutations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with hematologic malignancies, the article recommends sending the above tests whenever CSF is collected by lumbar puncture.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Common Misunderstandings About the CSF White Blood Cell Count\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A high white blood cell count does not necessarily mean CNS leukemia: infection, chemotherapy-related changes, or procedural trauma can also cause an increase.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A normal white blood cell count does not rule out CNS leukemia: some patients with relapse may have only a very small amount of disease detectable by flow cytometry or molecular testing, while routine CSF findings remain normal.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Why Are Lumbar Puncture and Intrathecal Therapy Needed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Lumbar puncture and intrathecal therapy are important parts of the diagnostic and treatment process for patients with hematologic malignancies for several reasons:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Even when there is no CNS leukemia at the initial diagnosis, regular CSF monitoring remains important, particularly cytomorphology and flow-cytometric immunophenotyping. Intrathecal therapy can also be used to prevent or treat CNS leukemia. In clinical practice, relapse can occasionally occur only in the central nervous system, and patients may have no symptoms when it happens. Routine CSF testing may also appear unremarkable, while cytomorphology, flow cytometry, or molecular testing identifies disease. Conversely, normal CSF testing does not necessarily exclude every form of CNS involvement. If central nervous system disease is still suspected, additional evaluation such as brain MRI may be needed.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If you have questions about CSF testing or central nervous system leukemia, or would like advice based on your own condition, you can contact a specialist online through the Internet Hospital for an individualized consultation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">*This article is for general health education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please follow the recommendations of your treating physician.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":378,"title":379,"summary":380,"cover":381,"category":76,"publishedAt":382,"contentHtml":383,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-tp53-mutant-cns-lymphoma-efficacy-study","International Journal Publication | Prof. Xiaoyan Ke & Prof. Kai Hu's Team: CAR-T Cell Therapy Shows Promising Efficacy in TP53-Mutated R\u002FR CNSL","A study by Prof. Xiaoyan Ke and Prof. Kai Hu's team, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that CAR-T cell therapy remained effective in patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) harboring TP53 mutations.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F1b767a6937f370bbcff5677109999b4f.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-02-06","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) harboring TP53 mutations are often highly resistant to chemotherapy and have poor outcomes. A study by Prof. Xiaoyan Ke and Prof. Kai Hu's team at Beijing GoBroad Hospital, published in Frontiers in Medicine, analyzed data from 61 patients with R\u002FR CNSL. Among patients with TP53 mutations who received CAR-T cell therapy, both the overall response rate and complete response rate reached 64.5%, comparable with outcomes in patients with wild-type TP53. Subgroup analysis also showed significantly longer survival in TP53-mutated patients with the non-GCB subtype. These findings provide new clinical evidence and a useful reference for CAR-T treatment in patients with high-risk genetic alterations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma (R\u002FR CNSL) generally face poor outcomes, with prognosis varying considerably according to multiple factors. TP53 mutations are considered one of the key genetic factors associated with treatment outcome and have long posed a challenge in lymphoma care. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown encouraging efficacy and safety in R\u002FR CNSL. However, relatively little has been known about whether TP53 mutations affect response to CAR-T therapy, making this an important area for further study.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, Dr. Danyang Li from the team led by Prof. Xiaoyan Ke and Prof. Kai Hu of the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital published a study in Frontiers in Medicine entitled “CAR-T cell therapy in TP53-mutated CNS lymphoma: overcoming a high-risk genetic barrier.” The study offers new insights into the use of CAR-T cell therapy for patients with TP53-mutated R\u002FR CNSL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Kai Hu explained: “Relapsed\u002Frefractory central nervous system lymphoma can be particularly difficult to treat. When the disease remains sensitive to chemotherapy, patients may achieve remission and can often benefit from autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In real-world practice, however, many patients develop chemotherapy resistance after relapse, and TP53 mutations are common among these difficult-to-treat cases. To better understand this population, our team analyzed 61 patients with R\u002FR CNSL, including 43 who received CAR-T cell therapy. We compared overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with TP53 mutations (TP53+) and those with wild-type TP53 (TP53−), and also evaluated other factors associated with prognosis.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Research Highlights\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. CAR-T Therapy Achieved Comparable Responses in TP53+ and TP53− R\u002FR CNSL\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study showed that both the overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR) were 64.5% in the TP53+ group. In the TP53− group, ORR and CRR were 73.3% and 69.2%, respectively, indicating broadly comparable response rates between the two groups. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.77 months in the TP53+ group (95% CI: 6.33–∞), compared with 22.4 months in the TP53− group (95% CI: 6.13–∞); however, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that CAR-T cell therapy can also be effective for patients with TP53-mutated R\u002FR CNSL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F6a3b0cfecd69d42126a67c440436601b_20260914005242.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"6a3b0cfecd69d42126a67c440436601b_20260914005242.png\" alt=\"d3f728ba-1ef1-4ac7-a0fb-4ac619600de0.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. TP53+ Non-GCB R\u002FR CNSL May Derive Greater Benefit, With Significantly Longer Survival\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Subgroup analysis further showed that cell-of-origin (COO) classification was an important factor affecting long-term survival in patients with R\u002FR CNSL. Within the TP53+ group, patients with the non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) subtype had significantly longer overall survival than those with the GCB subtype (P=0.003).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The center's preliminary findings suggest that CAR-T cell therapy is an effective option for patients with TP53-mutated R\u002FR CNSL and may be particularly beneficial for those with a non-GCB phenotype. These data may help clinicians when considering treatment strategies for this high-risk patient population.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary and Outlook\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Prof. Xiaoyan Ke noted that the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at Beijing GoBroad Hospital has accumulated substantial experience with CAR-T therapy in recent years. As the number of real-world CAR-T cases continues to grow, the clinical questions encountered are becoming increasingly complex. Experience suggests that patients with TP53 mutations are often highly resistant to chemotherapy, while CAR-T therapy can still offer meaningful benefit. Identifying the right timing for CAR-T treatment and developing individualized, precise, end-to-end management strategies remain important priorities in hematologic oncology. Looking ahead, integrated assessment using clinical, pathological, molecular, and imaging data may help identify R\u002FR CNSL patients who do not respond to conventional therapy but are more likely to benefit from precision CAR-T treatment. Monitoring approaches such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may also help detect signs of relapse earlier, allowing treatment to be initiated sooner and potentially extending survival.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":385,"title":386,"summary":387,"cover":388,"category":65,"publishedAt":389,"contentHtml":390,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-therapy-care-guide","Expert Guide: How Should You Care for Yourself After CAR-T Therapy? A Step-by-Step Guide from Hospital to Home","A practical, step-by-step guide to key care needs throughout CAR-T treatment - from lymphodepleting chemotherapy and the hospital stay to managing common side effects and preventing infection at home.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F608429bac1d86d41b588dd7f530cbb2c.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-01-30","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Written by Dr. Yuelin HE of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology, this article walks patients and families through the key care considerations across the CAR-T treatment journey. It covers management of low blood counts during lymphodepleting chemotherapy, oral and perianal care, PICC maintenance, diet and room hygiene, as well as what to expect during CAR-T cell infusion. It also explains common signs of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), how these reactions are managed, and practical infection-prevention measures after discharge.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T cell therapy has opened up new treatment possibilities for people with relapsed or refractory blood cancers. But care during treatment and after discharge is also an important part of the journey. Good day-to-day care can help patients tolerate treatment more safely and reduce avoidable discomfort and complications. This guide covers the key points from hospitalization through recovery at home.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Care During Your Hospital Stay\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Before CAR-T: The Lymphodepletion Phase\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before CAR-T infusion, doctors usually give lymphodepleting chemotherapy - commonly drugs such as fludarabine and cyclophosphamide - to reduce some of the body's existing lymphocytes and create a better environment for the CAR-T cells to expand. Because blood counts may fall during this phase, several precautions are especially important:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What if your platelet count is low?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If your platelet count is below 50 × 10⁹\u002FL, use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush gently to avoid injuring your gums. If it falls below 20 × 10⁹\u002FL, spend more time resting in bed, avoid rubbing your eyes or picking your nose, and watch for small bleeding spots or bruising on the skin.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What if your white blood cell or neutrophil count is low?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the neutrophil count falls below 0.5 × 10⁹\u002FL, you may need additional protective isolation, such as a laminar-flow bed. Food hygiene becomes especially important: avoid raw or cold foods, brush your teeth carefully every day, and keep the perianal area clean to reduce the risk of infection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What if your hemoglobin is low?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">You may feel tired, weak, or dizzy. Avoid standing up suddenly, as this can increase the risk of falling. Having a family member or caregiver nearby can also be helpful.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Everyday Care Basics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These steps may seem simple, but they can make a real difference in comfort and infection prevention during treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Oral care:\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After each meal, alternate warm water with chlorhexidine mouthwash (or sodium bicarbonate mouthwash) for about 3-5 minutes. Start with about 20 mL of mouthwash and gently puff out your cheeks around 10 times so the liquid reaches between the teeth and along the inner cheeks. Use your tongue gently, almost like a soft brush, to reach the teeth, palate, and floor of the mouth. Finally, tilt your head back and gargle so the rinse reaches toward the throat. Aim for about 3 minutes of thorough rinsing to help reduce oral infection risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Perianal care:\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Each evening or after a bowel movement, use a warm sitz bath with diluted povidone-iodine solution or potassium permanganate for about 15 minutes. The water should be warm, not hot. Make sure the buttocks are fully immersed; leaning slightly forward may be more comfortable. Try to maintain regular bowel habits. If you are constipated, do not strain - ask your doctor whether options such as lactulose or a glycerin enema are appropriate. If you have diarrhea, check the skin around the anus for redness or breakdown and clean the area promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>PICC care:\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Check the catheter insertion site every day for redness, swelling, or drainage. The dressing is generally changed once a week, and if it becomes wet or loose, ask a nurse to replace it as soon as possible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Diet:\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Choose foods that are high in protein and vitamins and easy to digest, such as eggs, lean meat, and fresh vegetables. Avoid raw, cold, or spicy foods, and reheat food thoroughly before eating. Aim for at least 2,000 mL of fluids a day to support hydration and metabolism.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>How should the room be managed?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Keep the room clean and ventilate it three times a day for about 30 minutes each time. Visitors should be limited or avoided during this period, and fresh flowers should not be kept in the room because they may increase infection risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>What should you know about the CAR-T cell infusion?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">During the infusion itself, the main thing is to follow the instructions of your doctors and nurses and let them know promptly if you feel unwell.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">About 30 minutes before infusion, an IV line will be prepared, premedications such as anti-allergy medicines may be given, and your heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs will be checked. If the CAR-T cells have been frozen and thawed, the preservative used during storage may cause a temporary cooked-corn-like smell or taste. This is expected. Raising the head of the bed and breathing in through your nose and out through your mouth may make you more comfortable. After the infusion, nurses will monitor you closely for about an hour. Tell the medical team right away if you notice symptoms such as palpitations or chills.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. What Reactions Can Happen After Infusion, and How Are They Managed?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CRS is a relatively common reaction after CAR-T therapy. In this article, it is described as occurring most often within 1-14 days after infusion. Symptoms may include fever, low blood pressure, or shortness of breath.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What should you do if you develop a fever?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If your temperature rises above 37.5°C, tell the medical team promptly. Fever-reducing medication or cooling measures such as an ice cap or ice packs may be used as directed. Drink warm fluids, and do not take fever medicine on your own without speaking to the care team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What should you do if your blood pressure is low?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Change positions slowly. One practical approach is the 'three 30-second rule': pause for 30 seconds before sitting up; after sitting up, remain at the bedside for 30 seconds; then stand while holding onto something stable and wait another 30 seconds before walking. If you have been sweating heavily with fever, fluids and electrolytes may need to be replenished to help prevent dehydration-related low blood pressure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What if you feel short of breath or have low oxygen levels?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If breathing becomes difficult, the medical team may give supplemental oxygen and help keep the airway clear. If needed, oxygen may be delivered through a mask or more advanced breathing support may be used. Follow the team's instructions and report any worsening symptoms promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this article, ICANS is described as most often occurring 6-34 days after infusion. Possible symptoms include headache, confusion, changes in awareness, or seizures.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What should you and your family watch for?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The medical team may ask simple orientation questions each day, such as 'What is today's date?' or 'Where are you?' and may ask you to do a simple calculation. These checks help assess neurologic status. Tell the team promptly if headache or dizziness becomes worse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>What if a seizure occurs?\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Seizure-safety supplies may be kept at the bedside, and the medical team will respond immediately if a seizure occurs. Family members should not try to force the patient's mouth open or physically restrain the body.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Care at Home After Discharge\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Infection prevention is the priority.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Home environment: Ventilate the home 2-3 times a day. Avoid keeping pets or indoor plants, and avoid direct contact with soil.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Personal hygiene: Bathe and change clothes regularly. Avoid scratching the skin. Use the mouthwash recommended by your medical team, keep the perianal area clean, and avoid rubbing your eyes or picking your nose.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Food hygiene: Prepare fresh food at home. Avoid takeout, overnight leftovers, and spicy or irritating foods.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Do not ignore new symptoms: If you develop abdominal pain, dizziness, vomiting, blisters or a blister-like rash, or sharp pins-and-needles pain, seek medical attention promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>From the Doctor\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Care during CAR-T treatment and after discharge is an important part of the overall treatment process. Good daily care and self-management can help patients work more safely and effectively with their medical team throughout CAR-T therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":392,"title":393,"summary":394,"cover":395,"category":76,"publishedAt":389,"contentHtml":396,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-sequential-therapy-allo-hsct-lymphoma-boren-team"," International Journal Publication | Beijing GoBroad Boren Team Reports Long-Term Remission with Sequential Multi-Target CAR-T After Post-Transplant DLBCL Relapse","A case report from the Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital team, published in Frontiers in Immunology, describes long-term remission in a patient with relapsed\u002Frefractory DLBCL after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) following sequential CAR-T infusions targeting CD20, CD22 and CD19.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F47b94d22ceee42a24dca0c547ea06982.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: A team led by Dr. Chunrong TONG at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital published a case report in Frontiers in Immunology describing a patient with relapsed\u002Frefractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after allo-HSCT who achieved long-term remission after sequential pseudoallogeneic CAR-T therapy targeting CD20, CD22 and CD19. The case suggests that a sequential, multi-target CAR-T strategy may help reduce relapse related to antigen escape and may offer a potential treatment approach for selected patients with complex post-transplant relapse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>Patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R\u002FR DLBCL) generally have a poor prognosis. Reported median overall survival (OS) is about 6 months, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 26% and a complete remission (CR) rate of 7%. For patients with chemosensitive R\u002FR DLBCL, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is commonly used as consolidation after salvage therapy. However, only around half of patients achieve durable remission after ASCT, and outcomes are poorer in aggressive subtypes such as activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, double-expressor lymphoma, and double- or triple-hit lymphoma (DHL\u002FTHL).\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem> \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is another treatment option. Although CAR-T therapy can produce high complete remission rates, only about 30%-40% of patients achieve durable remission. Because relapse remains a concern after CAR-T, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is often considered as consolidation in acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia to help prolong remission.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, the team led by Dr. Chunrong TONG at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, together with Drs. Shaomei FENG, Qinlong ZHENG, Biping DENG, Zhihui LI and Defeng ZHAO, reported the case in Frontiers in Immunology under the title “Sequential pseudoallogeneic CAR20\u002F22\u002F19 T-cell therapy in patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma relapse after allo-HSCT: a case report.” The patient had relapsed despite multiple prior treatments, including immunochemotherapy, ASCT, radiotherapy, autologous CD19 CAR-T and allo-HSCT, and later received sequential pseudoallogeneic CAR-T cells targeting CD20, CD22 and CD19. The report suggests that this approach may be both feasible and effective in selected patients with DLBCL relapsing after allo-HSCT, and may help reduce relapse driven by antigen escape.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002Fc13204ab6adeb9ca55789e2b42ae29c1_20260914005812.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c13204ab6adeb9ca55789e2b42ae29c1_20260914005812.png\" alt=\"30a6bee3-a6d4-40df-b75b-648b03f3bf84.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure: The study was published in Frontiers in Immunology\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Case Overview: Treatment History and Relapse\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The patient was a 38-year-old woman diagnosed with DLBCL of the left breast in March 2018. After immunochemotherapy, ASCT and radiotherapy, she relapsed in May 2019 and was referred to our hospital. A peripheral blood smear showed an increased proportion of abnormal cells, with 36% classified as uncharacterized cells. These cells were slightly enlarged, with round, oval or irregular nuclei, abundant basophilic cytoplasm and visible nucleoli. Bone marrow examination showed active hematopoiesis with 71% abnormal lymphocytes, consistent with leukemic bone marrow involvement by lymphoma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F8c9d65a8b53e378aa4bef6543ce8c083_20260914005829.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"8c9d65a8b53e378aa4bef6543ce8c083_20260914005829.png\" alt=\"30223cb6-6483-436e-a37c-9713440c2e8a.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure: Clinical course of the patient\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Autologous CD19 CAR-T and allo-HSCT: After combination treatment with L-asparaginase, dexamethasone, vindesine and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, the tumor burden in peripheral blood decreased, with abnormal lymphocytes falling to 9%. Cerebrospinal fluid morphology and flow cytometry were both negative. In May 2019, the patient received lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC). Three days later, autologous CD19 CAR-T cells were infused at a total dose of 5 x 10^5\u002Fkg; CD3+ T cells accounted for 79.4% and CD3+ CAR T cells for 25.0%.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">After CAR-T infusion, the number of CAR-positive T cells continued to increase, peaking on day 14 and becoming undetectable by day 33 (see Table 1). Treatment was generally well tolerated. The patient developed only grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). At day 30 after CAR-T therapy, PET\u002FCT showed complete remission (CR), and bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid assessments remained negative. Peripheral blood genetic susceptibility testing identified variants in TLR5, CDKN2A and STK11.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In July 2019, the patient underwent allo-HSCT using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen of busulfan, fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin (BU\u002FFlu\u002FATG). Peripheral blood stem cells from her older brother were infused. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment were achieved on days 16 and 14, respectively. Short-course methotrexate, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil were used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The patient developed cutaneous GVHD during treatment, which improved after adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In January 2020, follow-up PET\u002FCT showed new hypermetabolic nodules in both breasts, raising concern for lymphoma relapse. Biopsy of the left breast confirmed recurrent DLBCL. Bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid remained negative. Cytogenetic analysis showed a donor karyotype, and bone marrow testing confirmed complete donor chimerism.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Sequential Pseudoallogeneic CAR-T Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In March 2020, the patient received FC lymphodepletion. Three days later, she received the first pseudoallogeneic CD20 CAR-T infusion. The cells were collected from the allo-HSCT recipient and manufactured in-house, at a total dose of 1.6 x 10^5\u002Fkg; CD3+ T cells accounted for 82.7% and CD3+ CAR T cells for 9.75%. CAR-positive T cells expanded after infusion, peaked on day 13 and remained detectable through day 149 (see Table 1). Only grade 1 CRS occurred, with no ICANS. PET\u002FCT at day 30 showed CR, while bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid remained negative.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F0cc64c81433092d445ced85782dd3bc8_20260914005905.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0cc64c81433092d445ced85782dd3bc8_20260914005905.png\" alt=\"655f4317-40ab-4906-b3ba-b3635b166f94.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Table 1: Characteristics of the infused CAR-T cells\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To address heterogeneity in antigen expression and reduce the risk of relapse caused by antigen downregulation or loss, the patient subsequently received sequential pseudoallogeneic CD22 CAR-T cells in 2021 and CD19 CAR-T cells in 2022. The CD22 CAR-T dose was 1.16 x 10^4\u002Fkg, with CD3+ T cells accounting for 76.6% and CD3+ CAR T cells for 3.46%. The CD19 CAR-T dose was 3.23 x 10^4\u002Fkg, with CD3+ T cells accounting for 72.8% and CD3+ CAR T cells for 8.15% (Table 1). Both treatments were well tolerated, with no CRS or ICANS. The patient was discharged one week after each CAR-T infusion, so in-vivo CAR-T expansion was not monitored. At the time of this report, she had remained in complete remission for 5 years, with bone marrow morphology in CR, negative minimal residual disease, complete donor chimerism and no GVHD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The authors concluded that pseudoallogeneic CAR-T therapy may be safe and effective for selected patients with DLBCL who relapse after allo-HSCT. Sequential administration of CAR-T cells targeting CD20, CD22 and CD19 may help reduce relapse related to antigen escape. Larger clinical studies are still needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this approach and to determine whether it can reliably reduce antigen-escape relapse in DLBCL after allo-HSCT.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This report describes the first case of long-term, sustained complete remission in a patient with R\u002FR DLBCL after allo-HSCT treated with sequential pseudoallogeneic CAR-T cells targeting CD20, CD22 and CD19. The patient had relapsed despite multiple lines of therapy, including immunochemotherapy, ASCT, radiotherapy, autologous CD19 CAR-T and allo-HSCT. After sequential CD20-, CD22- and CD19-targeted pseudoallogeneic CAR-T infusions, she achieved durable complete remission, maintained for 5 years as reported in this article. Overall tolerability was favorable, with only low-grade CRS and no severe ICANS or GVHD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For the particularly challenging group of patients with R\u002FR DLBCL relapsing after allo-HSCT, this case suggests that sequential, multi-target pseudoallogeneic CAR-T therapy may be a feasible salvage option. One possible advantage is broader antigen coverage, which may reduce the risk of relapse caused by antigen escape. Because this is a single case report, however, larger studies are needed before the approach can be generalized to other patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":398,"title":399,"summary":400,"cover":401,"category":65,"publishedAt":402,"contentHtml":403,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-treatment-process-six-steps-guide","Expert Guide: What Are the Steps in CAR T-Cell Therapy?","Dr. Yuelin He explains the six key steps of CAR T-cell therapy, from eligibility assessment to post-infusion monitoring, and what patients should know at each stage.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F1ccb9f9b0a76c579753d9262a228ac9d.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-01-23","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: CAR T-cell therapy is an advanced, highly personalized cancer treatment that involves several carefully coordinated steps: eligibility assessment, T-cell collection, CAR T-cell manufacturing and expansion, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, CAR T-cell infusion, and post-infusion monitoring. In this guide, Dr. Yuelin He of the GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains what patients can expect and how to prepare at each stage, including the 3–4 hours typically needed for cell collection, the 2–4-week manufacturing period, the purpose of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, premedication before infusion, monitoring for cytokine release syndrome and other side effects, and the importance of regular follow-up after treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Once you and your doctor have completed the necessary evaluation and decided that CAR T-cell therapy may be right for you, what does the treatment journey actually involve?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In general, CAR T-cell therapy involves six main steps: eligibility assessment → T-cell collection → CAR T-cell manufacturing and expansion → lymphodepleting chemotherapy → CAR T-cell infusion → monitoring and follow-up.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">What do patients need to do during each step, and what should they keep in mind along the way?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Eligibility Assessment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The first step is to talk with your doctor about whether CAR T-cell therapy is an appropriate option for you.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Your doctor will review your overall health, test results, previous treatment history, and treatment goals, and will discuss the potential benefits and risks of CAR T-cell therapy with you. Together, you can decide whether to move forward.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. T-Cell Collection\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If you decide to proceed with CAR T-cell therapy, the next step is to collect your T cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This process, called leukapheresis, is similar in some ways to a blood donation. Blood is passed through an apheresis machine, which separates out the T lymphocytes needed for treatment, while the remaining blood components are returned to your body. The procedure usually takes about 3–4 hours. If your white blood cell count is low, your care team may recommend medication beforehand to help increase the number of cells available for collection.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. CAR T-Cell Manufacturing and Expansion\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The collected T cells are sent to a laboratory, where genetic engineering is used to add a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)—essentially a “navigation system” that helps the cells recognize cancer cells. The modified cells are then expanded to produce a large number of CAR T cells. This manufacturing process usually takes about 2–4 weeks.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy (Preconditioning)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before CAR T-cell infusion, patients receive lymphodepleting chemotherapy. This treatment reduces the body's existing lymphocytes and creates a more favorable environment for the infused CAR T cells to expand and work effectively. Lymphodepleting chemotherapy usually lasts about three days, followed by a rest period of around two to three days before CAR T-cell infusion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the tumor burden is high or the disease is progressing quickly, bridging therapy may also be needed before CAR T-cell infusion to help control the disease while the CAR T cells are being prepared.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. CAR T-Cell Infusion\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before the infusion, the medical team will check and record your vital signs and may use cardiac monitoring as needed. About 30–60 minutes before the CAR T cells are given, you will also receive premedication to reduce the risk of allergic or infusion-related reactions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The CAR T-cell infusion itself is usually straightforward. The cells are generally given through a vein using an infusion or transfusion set, and the process typically takes about 15–30 minutes. Afterward, the team will watch closely for symptoms such as fever, difficulty breathing, or rash, and will manage any discomfort promptly if it occurs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>6. Monitoring and Follow-Up\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Once the infusion is complete, the CAR T cells can begin recognizing and attacking tumor cells.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients usually remain in the hospital for a period of close observation. The medical team will monitor for CAR T-related side effects, particularly cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, so that any problems can be identified and treated promptly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At the same time, your doctors will use blood tests, imaging, and other assessments to evaluate whether the CAR T-cell therapy is working. An initial response assessment is commonly performed within the first month after infusion.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If the treatment is effective, regular follow-up remains essential. Follow-up helps monitor for disease recurrence and allows the care team to identify and manage any longer-term side effects related to CAR T-cell therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>From the Doctor\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Compared with conventional drug treatment, CAR T-cell therapy involves a more complex treatment process. Staying in close communication with your care team throughout the journey is therefore very important and helps ensure that each stage of treatment is managed appropriately.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":405,"title":406,"summary":407,"cover":408,"category":76,"publishedAt":409,"contentHtml":410,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"protein-biomarkers-childhood-ball-diagnosis-risk-model","International Journal Publication | Dr. Qinlong Zheng and Collaborators Identify 9 Key Protein Biomarkers and Develop a New Model for Pediatric B-ALL Diagnosis and Risk Assessment","A collaborative team led in part by Dr. Qinlong Zheng published a study in Cancer Letters using Olink proteomics to identify nine key protein biomarkers and develop a high-performing model for pediatric B-ALL diagnosis and risk assessment.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F1c0d53541e5bf9f4b837b68c344814ba.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-01-16","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Qinlong Zheng of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, together with collaborating investigators, published a study in Cancer Letters using Olink proteomics to identify nine key protein biomarkers that were differentially expressed between children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and B-ALL patients in complete molecular remission (CMR). The resulting diagnostic model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 in the validation cohort, providing new proteomics-based evidence and potential tools for more precise assessment and clinical decision-making in pediatric B-ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Genomic analysis has fundamentally reshaped risk assessment and clinical decision-making in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, genomic testing can be complex, time-consuming, and costly, which may limit rapid use in some clinical settings. Proteomics offers a complementary perspective by capturing dynamic changes in disease biology and the immune microenvironment at the functional protein level, creating new possibilities for more precise assessment and clinical translation in pediatric B-ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Recently, Dr. Qinlong Zheng of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, one of the corresponding authors, collaborated with Professor Yizhi Jiang, Professor Dongping Huang, and their team at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College on a study published in Cancer Letters (IF 10.1). Using Olink proteomics, the researchers systematically profiled protein expression in pediatric B-ALL and identified and validated nine key biomarkers that differed between patients with active B-ALL and CMR controls: CXCL13, NCR1, ADA, IL6, HO-1, CCL3, CCL4, CD27, and ADGRG1. The findings provide a new proteomics-based perspective for more precise assessment and clinical decision-making in pediatric B-ALL.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F0fb1d7d85d4a7cbe5620fbd4b9f79b03_20260914004402.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"0fb1d7d85d4a7cbe5620fbd4b9f79b03_20260914004402.png\" alt=\"8d701d64-ae57-4f31-929d-4e4cb9cea66f.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Design\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study included 50 children with B-ALL and 43 control samples from B-ALL patients who had achieved complete molecular remission (CMR). Participants were divided into discovery and validation cohorts. The discovery cohort included 30 patients with B-ALL and 26 CMR controls, while the validation cohort included 20 patients with B-ALL and 17 CMR controls.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The researchers used Olink proteomic analysis with the Olink Target 96 Oncology Response protein panel. After screening for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), statistical modeling was used to identify the protein combination with the strongest discriminatory performance. Key findings were then independently validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Study Results\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Key Finding: Pediatric B-ALL Has a Distinctive Protein Expression Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The study first identified clear differences in protein expression between pediatric B-ALL and CMR controls. A total of 37 differentially expressed proteins were found, involving regulators of cellular function, chemokines and inflammatory mediators, and tumor-related proteins. Together, these proteins were able to clearly distinguish active disease from molecular remission.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">These findings suggest that pediatric B-ALL involves not only abnormal proliferation of leukemia cells, but also substantial remodeling of the bone marrow immune microenvironment. Proteomics can capture these functional changes at the protein level.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F3b4ce0a1f37f156ccf0bb6b7e6ae0b82_20260914004430.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3b4ce0a1f37f156ccf0bb6b7e6ae0b82_20260914004430.png\" alt=\"3dea7867-b4f1-4a57-ab42-aef639d24623.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1. Thirty-Seven Differentially Expressed Proteins Identified Between Pediatric B-ALL and CMR Control Samples\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Key Finding: A 9-Protein Panel Showed Near Clinical-Grade Discriminatory Performance\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Based on the differentially expressed proteins, the researchers used a LASSO regression model to identify nine key proteins — CXCL13, NCR1, ADA, IL6, HO-1, CCL3, CCL4, CD27, and ADGRG1 — and used them to build a diagnostic model.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 in the discovery cohort and 0.98 in the validation cohort, demonstrating very strong ability to distinguish pediatric B-ALL from CMR controls.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260914\u002F77449f53e70dee9693ee39dbc126c468_20260914004442.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"77449f53e70dee9693ee39dbc126c468_20260914004442.png\" alt=\"ca74e971-ff20-481a-976a-d51aa7caf821.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Figure 2. Diagnostic Performance of LASSO-Selected Differentially Expressed Proteins in Pediatric B-ALL. AUC curves show the discriminatory performance of the most significant DEPs in the discovery cohort (a) and validation cohort (b).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Key Finding: Key Proteins Were Consistently Validated by ELISA and IHC\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">To strengthen reproducibility and translational potential, the researchers validated key protein signals using independent methods. ELISA was used to confirm trends in plasma protein levels, while IHC was used to evaluate protein expression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissues.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Proteins including CCL3, CCL4, and CD27 showed consistent patterns across different testing platforms, supporting their stability and potential clinical relevance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Key Finding: Higher Levels of Differential Proteins Were Associated with Genetic Alterations Linked to Poorer Prognosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The researchers also found that several differentially expressed proteins were present at higher levels in children carrying genetic alterations associated with poorer prognosis. These proteins included CD27, TNF, CCL3, CCL4, IL12RB1, PDCD1, and GZMB.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This suggests that pediatric B-ALL with poor-risk genetic alterations may also be accompanied by more pronounced immune- and inflammation-related protein changes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Overall, the study uses proteomics to provide a new perspective beyond existing molecular classification frameworks for pediatric B-ALL. The findings may help make disease assessment and risk evaluation more refined and support clinical decisions that better reflect each child's underlying disease biology. Over time, this could help clinicians pursue effective treatment while reducing unnecessary treatment burden and improving long-term outcomes and quality of life for children with leukemia.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The publication also reflects the growing capabilities of the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory at GoBroad Diagnostic Center. As an important platform supporting precision care in hematologic malignancies, the laboratory has developed an integrated workflow covering molecular classification and detection of key genetic alterations, support for measurable residual disease (MRD) testing, standardized quality control across the full sample-processing pathway, and biomarker discovery, validation, and translation. These capabilities provide clinicians with stable, traceable, and potentially translatable evidence for diagnosis and monitoring, while also supporting consistent data generation in multicenter collaborative research. Building on this platform, GoBroad will continue integrating advanced testing with clinical pathways and accelerating the translation of research findings into practical decision-making tools, with the goal of making precision medicine more meaningful for patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":412,"title":413,"summary":414,"cover":415,"category":65,"publishedAt":416,"contentHtml":417,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"dsa-clearance-before-stem-cell-transplantation","Dr. Jianyun Liao: Why Is DSA Desensitization Needed Before Stem Cell Transplantation? Is Strong DSA Positivity a Contraindication?","Dr. Jianyun LIAO of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains how donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) can affect transplantation, why DSA positivity is not an absolute contraindication, and how appropriate desensitization may help improve transplant success.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F2d62ae80bd6ce25a76779000f11dcf14.jpg?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-01-09","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Jianyun LIAO of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology discusses donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with transfusion-dependent severe thalassemia. She explains how DSAs develop, how their strength is assessed using mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and how they may contribute to graft failure or poor hematopoietic recovery. The article also reviews desensitization strategies including rituximab, bortezomib, plasma exchange, and combination approaches, emphasizing early screening and individualized intervention to reduce transplant-related risk and help patients reach transplantation at the right time.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F59922df01d8c7ed1e6b7f7e98a2399e4_20260913225739.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"59922df01d8c7ed1e6b7f7e98a2399e4_20260913225739.png\" alt=\"47444833-0fac-4174-ad90-b0dec264e78b.png\"\u002F> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be thought of as rebuilding the body's blood-forming and immune systems. The goal is for healthy donor stem cells to engraft and establish new, functioning hematopoiesis and immunity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As people with thalassemia grow older, the burden of ongoing transfusions and iron chelation often increases. In patients who have received many transfusions over time, another challenge may emerge: donor-specific antibodies (DSAs). These antibodies can recognize and attack donor cells, potentially interfering with engraftment and increasing the risk of transplant failure.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Jianyun LIAO of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains where DSAs come from, how they are assessed, and how DSA levels may be reduced before transplant to help lower transplant-related risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>What Are Donor-Specific Antibodies, and Where Do They Come From?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">When a transplant recipient has previously been exposed to another person's human leukocyte antigens (HLA) through blood transfusions, a prior transplant, pregnancy, or other circumstances, the immune system may develop immunologic memory and produce antibodies. If those antibodies specifically recognize HLA antigens carried by the intended donor, they are called donor-specific antibodies, or DSAs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with thalassemia, repeated red blood cell transfusions can expose the immune system to residual leukocytes and soluble HLA antigens. Over time, this may stimulate antibody formation, and the risk generally increases with a greater number of transfusions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Is DSA Strength Assessed, and Why Does It Matter?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">DSA strength is commonly assessed using mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). In general, higher MFI values are associated with a greater risk of transplant failure:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">• MFI 1,000-5,000: low to intermediate risk\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">• MFI 5,000-10,000 or C1q positive: high risk\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">• MFI >10,000: very high risk\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">• MFI >20,000: often associated with a very high risk of transplant failure\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Graft Failure or Delayed Engraftment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Patients with moderate or higher DSA levels (MFI >5,000) are more likely to experience primary graft failure. DSAs can attack donor hematopoietic stem cells through complement-mediated mechanisms or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, preventing the donor cells from successfully engrafting in the recipient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Poor Hematopoietic Recovery\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Even when DSA levels are not high enough to cause immediate and complete graft failure, they may still interfere with donor stem cell expansion after transplantation. This can lead to delayed neutrophil and platelet recovery, persistent cytopenias, and prolonged transfusion dependence. This condition is often referred to as poor graft function.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Data presented at meetings of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) have reported poor graft function rates of 28%-42% among DSA-positive patients. Poor graft function can significantly affect quality of life and may increase the risk of serious complications such as infection and bleeding.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Higher Risk of Other Complications\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">More intensive immunosuppressive treatment may be needed to overcome the effects of DSAs, which can in turn increase risks such as infection and drug-related toxicity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>How Can the Impact of DSAs Be Reduced?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">DSA positivity is not an absolute contraindication to transplantation. With appropriate screening, desensitization, and an individualized transplant strategy, DSA levels can often be reduced, helping lower transplant-related risk and improve the likelihood of successful engraftment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Before transplant, treatments such as rituximab and bortezomib may be used to reduce antibody production. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may also be given as part of a desensitization strategy to help reduce the impact of circulating antibodies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Plasma exchange or immunoadsorption: these approaches remove antibody-containing plasma from the patient's blood and return the blood cells together with replacement plasma or fluid, allowing DSA levels to be reduced more rapidly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Donor platelet or buffy coat infusion before transplant may also be used to help neutralize antibodies. For very high-risk patients with DSA MFI >10,000 or C1q positivity, a combination desensitization approach is often used to lower antibody levels as much as possible before transplantation and improve the chance of successful engraftment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">Important Considerations\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">• DSA desensitization should be individualized. Before treatment, the medical team needs to assess antibody strength, including MFI level, complement-binding status such as C1q positivity, and the patient's overall condition.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">• During desensitization, DSA levels, hematopoietic function, and infection risk should be monitored closely. In some patients, antibody levels may rebound.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cem>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);\">• When feasible, choosing a donor against whom the patient does not have DSAs can help avoid this additional source of transplant risk.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment option for people with thalassemia. As patients grow older, the cumulative burden of transfusion and iron chelation may increase, and the likelihood of developing DSAs may also rise. For DSA-positive patients, identifying and addressing these antibodies before transplantation can help improve the chance of engraftment, reduce transplant-related complications, and support better quality of life. If a patient meets transplant indications, has a suitable donor, and is medically fit for transplantation, the timing of transplant should be discussed carefully with the treating team.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 12px;\">Please note: This article is for general educational purposes only. Because every patient's situation is different, please discuss your individual circumstances with your treating physician, who can provide recommendations based on a full clinical assessment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":419,"title":420,"summary":421,"cover":422,"category":65,"publishedAt":416,"contentHtml":423,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":79},"car-t-therapy-vs-chemotherapy-explained","What Is CAR-T Therapy? How Is It Different from Chemotherapy?","An expert explains how CAR-T cell therapy works and how it differs from conventional chemotherapy in its treatment mechanism, who it may be suitable for, and its side-effect profile.","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Fa64eb73dc464d230eb5c5620265d63df.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Full summary: CAR-T cell therapy is a form of cellular immunotherapy in which a patient's own T cells are genetically engineered to recognize and attack tumor cells. Dr. Yuelin HE of GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology explains that CAR-T and chemotherapy are not substitutes for one another; they may be used at different stages or in combination depending on the disease and treatment goals. Some patients can achieve complete remission after CAR-T therapy, but it is not appropriate for everyone. Treatment decisions should be individualized based on factors such as pathological subtype, stage, molecular features, treatment history, and response to previous therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">If you are living with a hematologic malignancy, another type of cancer, or an autoimmune disease, you may reach a point where familiar options such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy have already been tried but have not provided the results you hoped for. At that point, it is understandable to wonder what other options may be available.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has reshaped parts of the treatment landscape for blood cancers, other cancers, and some autoimmune diseases, offering a new option for selected patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">GoBroad Chunfu Institute of Hematology & Oncology has created a CAR-T Knowledge Hub to help patients and families understand this treatment step by step. Today's topic: What is CAR-T, and how is it different from chemotherapy?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. What Is CAR-T?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T therapy is a form of cellular immunotherapy and a newer approach to cancer treatment, alongside established treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In simple terms, T lymphocytes are collected from the patient and genetically engineered to express a CAR, or chimeric antigen receptor. This receptor enables the modified T cells - now called CAR-T cells - to recognize a specific target on tumor cells. After the CAR-T cells are infused back into the patient, they can expand in the body, identify cells carrying that target, and attack and eliminate them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260911\u002F3d0a6bf45d57d6a5fd3eb73154e970cc_20260911163528.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"3d0a6bf45d57d6a5fd3eb73154e970cc_20260911163528.png\" alt=\"303bf47f-0d4f-4751-a74c-a698d106db62.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px; text-align: center;\">Image source: Lekha Mikkilineni and James N. Kochenderfer. Blood. 2017;130(24):2594-2602.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. How Is CAR-T Different from Chemotherapy?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T and chemotherapy are different treatment approaches, and each has its own potential benefits and limitations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260911\u002F09b672225b149c17bee24cd1b91e45c9_20260911163601.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"09b672225b149c17bee24cd1b91e45c9_20260911163601.png\" alt=\"103ccd91-9fdb-4aa5-997d-59452b02f2d0.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Chemotherapy is a well-established treatment with decades of clinical experience behind it. Its common side effects are relatively well characterized, and treatment is often delivered over multiple cycles, so the overall treatment course may be longer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CAR-T is a newer form of cell therapy, and some patients can achieve complete remission after treatment. However, CAR-T is not necessary or suitable for every patient.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Some patients with blood cancers or other malignancies may also need additional treatment in sequence, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or targeted therapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For this reason, CAR-T and chemotherapy should not be viewed as treatments that simply replace one another. They may be used at different points in the treatment journey, depending on the individual situation. The most appropriate approach should be determined by the medical team after considering factors such as pathological subtype, disease stage, molecular features, treatment history, and response to previous chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;break-after: avoid;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>Expert Perspective\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As treatment for hematologic malignancies continues to evolve, conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapies such as CAR-T are likely to be used more widely in combination or sequence, with the aim of helping more patients achieve longer survival and a better quality of life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"slug":425,"title":426,"summary":427,"cover":428,"category":65,"publishedAt":429,"contentHtml":430,"hasAlternate":68,"updatedAt":69},"tumor-genetic-report-survival-guide","Finding Treatment Clues in a Tumor Genetic Report: Prof. Qinlong Zheng & Dr. Yuehui Lin Explain What Matters","Dr. Yuehui Lin of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Qinlong Zheng of the GoBroad Diagnostic Center explain how genetic testing can support precise diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized targeted treatment decisions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).","https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\u002Fbytx-pc-uploads\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F67978bbcdbc43bca943f9024bf259f70.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp","2026-01-08","\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Summary: Dr. Yuehui Lin of Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital and Prof. Qinlong Zheng of the GoBroad Diagnostic Center explain how to read a genetic report for hematologic malignancies from three key perspectives: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The diagnostic section reviews the MICM-based integrated workup for AML under current WHO\u002FICC classifications and the importance of screening for inherited predisposition genes such as TP53 and DDX41. The prognosis section explains the three-tier molecular-genetic risk stratification used in Chinese AML guidelines and why the exact type and location of a TP53 alteration matter. The treatment section links actionable targets such as FLT3, IDH1\u002F2, BCL-2, and JAK2 with corresponding treatment options, illustrating how AML care is moving from a one-size-fits-all model toward truly individualized treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In the era of precision medicine, genetic testing has become an important map and compass in modern cancer care. It can reveal the molecular drivers of disease and provide useful guidance at key decision points - helping clinicians refine the diagnosis, assess prognosis and risk, identify potential targeted therapies, monitor for relapse, investigate drug resistance, and sometimes uncover inherited cancer-predisposition risks. Yet in everyday practice, patients and families often face very practical questions: Do I need genetic testing? Which test should I have? When should it be done? And once I receive a report filled with unfamiliar terms and numbers, which findings actually matter for my treatment?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">In this article, Dr. Yuehui Lin, Director of Ward 9, Department of Hematology I (Hematology\u002FOncology) at Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, and Prof. Qinlong Zheng, Director of the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory at the GoBroad Diagnostic Center, take a closer look at these questions. Step by step, they explain how to identify the most meaningful clues in a complex tumor genetic report and turn laboratory data into information that can guide real-world treatment decisions.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>1. Diagnosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies have entered an era of integrated precision medicine. At diagnosis, clinicians need to bring together morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics to achieve accurate WHO classification and ELN risk stratification. These findings help determine disease risk, the intensity of chemotherapy, whether a targeted therapy may be appropriate, and whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) should be considered early. Before transplantation, inherited predisposition testing may also be considered for the patient and potential donors to identify clinically significant variants involving genes such as TP53, BRCA, and DNA-repair pathways. This information can help inform donor selection, conditioning strategies, and, where relevant, targeted treatment options. The ultimate goal is a full-course management strategy spanning diagnosis, classification, treatment, transplantation, measurable residual disease (MRD), and long-term follow-up - maximizing benefit while minimizing toxicity.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Yuehui Lin reviewed the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) under the fifth edition of the WHO classification and the ICC. At initial diagnosis, AML requires a comprehensive MICM workup: morphology, flow-cytometric immunophenotyping, conventional cytogenetics with relevant FISH testing, and broad molecular genetic testing. This helps identify fusion genes such as PML::RARA, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, and CBFB::MYH11, as well as somatic and germline alterations involving genes including NPM1, CEBPA, FLT3-ITD, DDX41, ETV6, ANKRD26, and GATA2. When an inherited hematologic malignancy syndrome is suspected, paired testing using peripheral blood or buccal mucosa may be used to confirm germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants such as DDX41, TP53, RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, and ETV6. Reporting both tumor-associated and inherited predisposition variants can provide important evidence for risk stratification, targeted therapy selection, donor screening, and family assessment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F86c07318592cf876f56ba317d46ebb08_20260913215944.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"86c07318592cf876f56ba317d46ebb08_20260913215944.png\" alt=\"ab22e182-94dd-4cb5-b93a-7d5b4aed78ea.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 1. Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the WHO 5th Edition and ICC\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F78805a221a988e79ef3f42d7c5bfd418_20260913215952.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"78805a221a988e79ef3f42d7c5bfd418_20260913215952.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 2. WHO 5th Edition and ICC Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms With Germline Predisposition\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Prognosis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">According to the Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), molecular and genetic prognostic assessment should be performed promptly after diagnosis to classify patients into favorable-, intermediate-, or adverse-risk groups. The article notes that adverse-risk features may include TP53 alterations with a variant allele frequency (VAF) of at least 10%, complex karyotype, high-burden FLT3-ITD, and alterations in genes such as ASXL1, RUNX1, and BCOR. For TP53 in particular, the report must be interpreted carefully to distinguish clearly pathogenic alterations from variants of uncertain significance. The clinical meaning depends not only on whether TP53 appears on the report, but also on the exact variant, its location, functional significance, and allele burden.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002F5aaa47e9c9592fc5bcce02d77e6be6d8_20260913220013.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"5aaa47e9c9592fc5bcce02d77e6be6d8_20260913220013.png\" alt=\"1419acf8-838e-43f7-b6bd-b175f6f0cc3b.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 3. AML Prognostic Risk Stratification in Chinese Clinical Guidelines\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">The article also notes that the 2025 CSCO and CACA guidelines stratify AML into favorable-, intermediate-, and adverse-risk groups according to genetic features, helping clinicians decide whether standard chemotherapy may be sufficient or whether intensified treatment and transplantation should be considered. Examples listed in the article include t(8;21)\u002FRUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16)\u002FCBFB-MYH11, and NPM1-mutated\u002FFLT3-ITD-low disease in the favorable-risk category, while TP53-mutated disease, high-burden FLT3-ITD, and complex karyotype are described as adverse-risk features that may prompt earlier use of targeted therapy and consideration of allo-HSCT.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>3. Treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">As AML treatment becomes increasingly precise and more focused on long-term disease control, care has evolved beyond conventional chemotherapy alone toward a multidimensional strategy that can combine chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and transplantation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with FLT3 mutations, FLT3 inhibitors such as gilteritinib or midostaurin may be incorporated into treatment, including in combination with chemotherapy when appropriate;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For IDH1-mutated disease, ivosidenib may be considered; for IDH2-mutated disease, enasidenib is a targeted option;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients in whom BCL-2-directed treatment is appropriate, venetoclax combined with a hypomethylating agent has become an important regimen;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For patients with JAK2 V617F, JAK inhibition such as ruxolitinib may be considered in relevant disease settings;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">For rare but potentially targetable fusions such as ETV6-ABL1, ABL1 inhibitors - including dasatinib, olverembatinib, or ponatinib - may be considered depending on the clinical context.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">This shift in risk stratification and treatment selection reflects the broader move in AML care from standardized treatment for everyone toward strategies tailored to each patient's molecular profile, creating more opportunities for individualized treatment.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Dr. Yuehui Lin noted that targeted approaches can reduce reliance on conventional intensive chemotherapy and, in selected patients with molecularly defined AML such as FLT3- or IDH-mutated disease, may make lower-toxicity or even chemotherapy-free treatment strategies possible. Comprehensive mutation profiling at diagnosis can help the care team match each patient with a more individualized treatment pathway, with the aim of extending survival while preserving quality of life.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Treatment Response Monitoring\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">A central part of response monitoring is the dynamic assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), with sensitivity down to around 10^-4, is commonly used. For patients with trackable fusion genes, real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) can provide additional monitoring. For patients with somatic mutations, the article describes using the individualized mutation profile identified on the patient's diagnostic next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for deep sequencing, with sensitivity approaching 10^-6 in some settings. Serial monitoring may be performed in bone marrow and, when appropriate, peripheral blood.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">One important point: the timing of testing, the type of sample, and the clinical purpose of each test need to be considered together. These decisions should be made with guidance from an experienced clinician.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgaobo-byh-h5.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimages\u002F20260913\u002Fc5833950977d3e38728a232ccc8da5c8_20260913220105.png?x-oss-process=image\u002Fresize,limit_1,w_1600\u002Fquality,q_80\u002Fformat,webp\" title=\"c5833950977d3e38728a232ccc8da5c8_20260913220105.png\" alt=\"9929a554-fa8d-43c8-87fa-14c9b6a861b5.png\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 15px;\">Figure 4. Molecular Testing Across the Full Course of Disease Management\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Case Examples\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Case 1 involved a boy born in 2008 who was diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and an initial white blood cell count of 1202 × 10^9\u002FL. A local 43-fusion-gene panel and a small mutation panel were negative, and he did not achieve remission after two courses of treatment under the CCLG-ALL-2018 protocol. After transfer to our hospital, he received CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and achieved complete remission, followed immediately by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The disease later relapsed again and responded poorly to several additional treatments. A review of bone marrow RNA sequencing performed at his first admission identified an ABL1 fusion, prompting adjustment of targeted and immune-based therapy. He subsequently achieved remission and continues to maintain molecular remission. The case illustrates how deeper molecular testing can reveal actionable information that may guide targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\";text-align: justify;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Case 2 involved a 73-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The initial white blood cell count was not markedly elevated, and NGS detected FLT3-ITD, NPM1, and IDH2 mutations. The patient received a lower-intensity combination strategy using a hypomethylating agent plus the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib and\u002For the IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib, without standard intensive chemotherapy. After three treatment cycles, morphologic complete remission was achieved, although the NPM1 mutation remained detectable at 0.12%. The patient continued maintenance with azacitidine (AZA) plus gilteritinib and has remained in molecular remission for 39 months without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient required 17 hospital admissions and 9 units of red blood cell transfusion before becoming transfusion independent. The case highlights how real-time NGS-based MRD assessment and multiparameter flow cytometry can help guide treatment adjustment in older patients or those who may not tolerate intensive chemotherapy.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",1789384097622]