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style=\"font-size: 15px;\">霍奇金淋巴瘤（Hodgkin's lymphoma，HL）又称霍奇金病，是青年人中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">病变主要发生在淋巴结，以颈部淋巴结和锁骨上淋巴结最为常见，通常表现为慢性、无痛性进展，疾病晚期可侵犯患者的血管，累及脾、肝、骨髓和消化道等部位，并伴有发热、盗汗、乏力、全身瘙痒等症状。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗以放化疗联合治疗为主，早期治疗预后好。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-08-03",{"key":90,"title":91,"html":92,"icon":93,"updatedAt":88},"cause","病因","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">霍奇金淋巴瘤的病因至今尚未完全清楚，一般认为是感染、免疫功能失调、遗传、职业暴露和生活方式等因素相关。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>","🧬",{"key":95,"title":96,"html":97,"updatedAt":88},"symptom","症状表现","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的很多首发症状没有特异性，也可见于其他疾病。通常，患者会认为是感冒症状一直未缓解，经常疲劳是唯一的症状。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">常见的症状和体征可包括：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·无痛性淋巴结肿大，尤其是颈部、腋下或腹股沟的淋巴结\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·原因不明的发热\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·盗汗\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·原因不明的体重减轻\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·瘙痒\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·原因不明的疲劳和不适\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·咳嗽\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">·血细胞计数异常\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">多数患者在首次就诊时都没有症状，如有任何症状或体征未能如期缓解，一定要去看医生。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>",{"key":99,"title":100,"html":101,"icon":102,"updatedAt":88},"exam","检查方式","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">如果医生怀疑您患有霍奇金淋巴瘤，他（她）首先会对您做全面的体格检查，并重点检查淋巴结。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">诊断霍奇金淋巴瘤的常规检查包括：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">血液检查：用于观察不同类型血细胞的数量和形态，并评估其他器官（如肝脏）的功能。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">骨髓检查：用于观察骨骼内的造血组织。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">活检：用于确定诊断，通常需要进行淋巴结活检，和其他器官（如肝脏）的活检。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">胸部X线检查：用于观察肺部及其周围区域的情况。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">CT（计算机断层成像）：用于观察身体各部位的横断面图像，您可能需要接受颈部、胸部、腹部和（或）盆腔部位的扫描，扫描结果可显示霍奇金淋巴瘤是否累及内脏器官。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">PET（正电子发射断层成像）：使用特殊的摄像机和放射性示踪剂，可能被霍奇金淋巴瘤侵及的部位在扫描图像上显示活性增强。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">检查结果有助于确定最佳治疗方案，需要接受哪些检查取决于您的症状和整体健康状况。如有任何关于霍奇金淋巴瘤诊断性检查的问题，请咨询医生。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>","🩺",{"key":104,"title":105,"html":106,"icon":107,"updatedAt":88},"treatment","治疗方式","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗取决于疾病的临床或病理分期、症状以及您的整体健康情况，大约75%的霍奇金淋巴瘤患者可以被治愈。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">医生会为您制订个性化的治疗计划，霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗常用的方法包括化疗、放疗、放化疗联合治疗和外周血干细胞移植。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">化疗：化疗是用药物进行治疗，医生会使用不同种类的化疗药物或者联合用药。化疗的药物可杀灭癌细胞或抑制其增殖，但同时也会影响正常细胞。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">化疗通常分周期进行，每个疗程结束后会有一段休息期，患者的治疗周期数取决于疾病分期、所用药物、治疗反应和副作用。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">放疗：放疗是用X线杀灭癌细胞，使瘤体缩小。放疗只影响治疗部位的细胞（局部治疗），可与化疗联合使用。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">外周血干细胞移植：用化疗进行初始治疗后复发的患者可以考虑骨髓或外周血干细胞移植，从血液中采集的干细胞可以代替因化疗受损的细胞。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">临床试验：对于新诊断的患者和复发患者，目前都有针对新治疗方法的临床试验。研究人员设计研究是为了检测不同治疗的安全性和有效性，一些试验会将疗效已经得到证实的治疗方法与其他类型的治疗进行比较，以观察哪一种效果更佳。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">是否参加试验决定权完全在您，如果您受邀参与一项研究，请确保您了解这项研究的目的、风险、持续时间以及您的责任。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">如果您对参与临床试验感兴趣，请咨询医生。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fdiv>","💊",{"author":109,"reviewedBy":109,"lastReviewed":109,"datePublished":109,"citations":110,"disclaimer":109},"",[111],{"title":112},"Mayo Clinic",false,1789384106360]