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style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">尿道癌是指发生于尿道的癌症。大约50%的尿道癌继发于膀胱、输尿管或肾盂尿路上皮癌。原发性尿道癌非常罕见，在所有泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤中占比不到1%。按照病理类型可分为尿路上皮癌、鳞状细胞癌和腺癌。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","⚕️","2026-08-03",{"key":90,"title":91,"html":92,"icon":93,"updatedAt":88},"Symptoms","症状表现","\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">男性尿道癌主要表现为尿道梗阻、肿物、尿道旁脓肿、尿道瘘和尿道异常分泌物，有时伴有疼痛、血尿或血精症状。女性尿道癌常见尿频、尿急、排尿困难。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（1）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>排尿困难\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>肿物可能引起尿道梗阻进而引起排尿困难，严重者可有尿潴留。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（2）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>局部肿物\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>靠近尿道外口可能见到或触到肿块，肿瘤坏死、溃疡、感染则见尿道或阴道流出黄色或血性带臭味的分泌物。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（3）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>血尿\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>可出现肉眼血尿，男性患者可伴血精。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（4）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>刺激性排尿症状\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>如尿痛、尿频、尿急、排尿烧灼感等。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">淋巴结转移的尿道癌患者可触及腹股沟肿大包块。晚期症状为骨盆痛、尿道周围脓肿、尿失禁、尿道阴道瘘或尿潴留，以及恶病质（包括乏力、消瘦、贫血）。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","📋",{"key":95,"title":96,"html":97,"icon":98,"updatedAt":88},"causes","病因分析","\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">尿道癌的病因目前尚不明确，可能由遗传和环境因素共同作用所致。尽管我们尚未充分了解尿道癌的病因，但已发现下列因素与尿道癌相关：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（1）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>慢性炎症\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>尿道癌男性通常有性传播感染、尿道炎或尿道狭窄病史。尿道狭窄可能发生于尿道创伤后，最常见于球膜部尿道。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（2）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>尿道憩室\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>与多达5%的女性尿道癌有关，原因很可能是继发性慢性炎症，尿潴留和尿路感染可能也是影响因素。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（3）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>人乳头瘤病毒\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>（\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>human papillomavirus\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>,\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong> HPV\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>16\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>与男性和女性的尿道癌均相关。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cstrong>（4）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>尿路上皮癌\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>：\u003C\u002Fstrong>通常为多灶性疾病，尿道病变可能发生于膀胱、输尿管或肾盂病灶出现之前或之后，也可能同时出现。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","🧬",{"key":100,"title":101,"html":102,"icon":103,"updatedAt":88},"diagnosis","诊断检查","\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1. 医生如何诊断尿道癌？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">尿道流血，尿道触及肿物。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">尿脱落细胞中发现肿瘤细胞。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">尿道造影示尿道有充盈缺损。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;\">尿道镜见到肿物，病理活检证实为肿瘤。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2. 尿道癌有哪些相关检查？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（1）尿道镜检查：尿道镜检查可观察尿道内有无肿物，评估病变范围。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（2）经尿道行病灶活检：病理活检是诊断的金标准。患者出现反复性或广泛性尿道狭窄或尿道黏膜异常时，也应行活检明确。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（3）逆行尿道造影：患者行该项检查可显示有充盈缺损，有助于确定男性患者的病灶位置和病变范围。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（4）尿液细胞学检查：由于细胞学检查的敏感性较低，不能依靠单纯的尿液细胞学检查诊断原发性尿道癌。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（5）影像学检查：包括CT或MRI检查，以评估癌症的局部浸润情况，以及有无远处转移，协助进行诊断分期。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","🩺",{"key":105,"title":106,"html":107,"icon":108,"updatedAt":88},"treatment","治疗方式","\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">1、尿道癌患者去哪个科室就诊？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">泌尿外科、肿瘤内科、肿瘤放射治疗科等。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2、尿道癌该如何治疗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">尿道癌的治疗方法和预后取决于患者的性别、肿瘤在尿道内的位置以及病变范围。局限性尿道癌患者通常首选手术治疗。根据病灶的位置、病变范围和患者性别，手术治疗可为经尿道切除，也可为部分或全尿道切除术，联合或不联合根治性膀胱切除术及异位尿流改道术。局部晚期病例可考虑多模式治疗，包括新辅助化疗和\u002F或放疗，之后再手术治疗。转移性尿道癌患者的预后较差，通常需要全身性治疗。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">3、尿道癌有哪些手术治疗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">早期行全尿道切除术，肿瘤浸润尿道周围时可行阴茎部分或全切除术。男性后尿道癌及女性尿道癌须行膀胱及尿道切除并尿流改道术。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（1）男性尿道癌：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">远端尿道癌\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">早期可经尿道切除或电灼，或做远端尿道切除\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">若侵犯海绵体，但仍局限于阴茎远端1\u002F2，可行阴茎部分切除术\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">若为浸润性肿瘤，立于阴茎近端尿道或侵犯整段尿道，应行阴茎根治切除术。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">球部尿道癌\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">早期可经尿道切除或切除肿又瘤后尿道端端吻合。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">前列腺部尿道癌\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">表浅的前列腺尿道肿瘤可行经尿道前列腺电切。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">后尿道癌根治术\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">适用于局限性扩展的尿道球部、膜部和前列腺部恶性肿瘤，\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">包括已发生盆腔和腹股沟淋巴结转移者。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">（2）女性尿道癌：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">女性尿道切除、膀胱黏膜尿道成形术\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">适用于早期原发性尿道癌及尿道肉阜癌变，近侧尿道断端活检 无癌侵犯、尿道外无癌侵犯的患者。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">前盆腔脏器清除术\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">适用于女性全尿道癌，因病变广泛不宜作局部切除或放射治疗者。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">淋巴结清扫\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">腹股沟淋巴结清扫的作用仍有争议。一般无需进行常规淋巴结清扫，除非影像学检查发现淋巴结增大，或患者有可触及的腹股沟淋巴结肿大。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">4、尿道癌有哪些药物治疗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">由于个体差异大，用药不存在绝对的最分享好、最快、最有效，除常用非处方药外，应在医生指导下充分结合个人情况选择最合适的药物。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">应根据组织学来选择化疗方案。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">对于尿路上皮癌“患者，可以参照膀胱尿路上皮癌选择吉西他滨和顺铂方案（GC）；或甲氨蝶呤、长春碱、多柔比星和顺铂（MVAC）。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">对于鳞状细胞癌患者，可选择紫杉醇类、铂类等。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">对于腺癌患者，可使用吉西他滨、氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和顺铂等。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">5、尿道癌如何进行放射治疗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">放疗也可治疗尿道癌，并且可能保留尿道功能。有外照射和组织内照射，低分期小肿瘤放疗满意，较大的、高分期的后尿道癌放疗效果不佳。放疗也可用于不适合手术切除的局部晚期肿瘤或用于转移性尿道癌的姑息治疗。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">常见并发症有尿道狭窄、局部坏死、外阴脓肿、放射性盆腔炎等。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">6、尿道癌的治疗有什么新进展？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\">近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂如PD-1单抗、PD-L1单抗在膀胱尿路上皮癌中取得一定疗效。尿道来源的尿路上皮癌可作为参考应用，其他病理类型目前尚无新药应用的高级别循证医学证据。此外，还可根据基因检测结果使用靶向治疗。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","💊",{"author":110,"reviewedBy":110,"lastReviewed":110,"datePublished":110,"citations":111,"disclaimer":110},"",[112,114],{"title":113},"梅骅,陈凌武,高新.泌尿外科手术学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009",{"title":115},"中国临床肿瘤学会指南工作委员会.CSCO尿路上皮癌诊疗指南(2021版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2021.",false,1789384125800]