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(Assessed onNov 11, 2019).",{"slug":206,"category":5,"categoryName":6,"title":207,"summary":208,"conditionName":207,"toc":852,"ymyl":853,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":854,"disclaimer":32},[],{"slug":856,"category":11,"categoryName":12,"title":857,"summary":858,"toc":859,"ymyl":860,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria","阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿","阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿的患者主要表现为长期的皮肤颜色苍白、反复的酱油色尿或浓茶水色尿（这些是血红蛋白尿的症状），它是一种出生后获得的由于造血干细胞基因突变而引起的血液系统疾病。",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":861,"disclaimer":32},[862,864],{"title":863},"张之南，郝玉书，等.血液病学[M].人民卫生出版社，2011.9.",{"title":865},"中华医学会血液学分会红细胞疾病(贫血)学组.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿诊断与治疗中国专家共识[J].中华血液学杂志，2013.3.",{"slug":867,"category":21,"categoryName":22,"title":868,"summary":869,"toc":870,"ymyl":871,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-systemic-sclerosis","系统性硬化症","系统性硬化症也被称为硬皮病，是一种原因不明的慢性疾病，特点是皮肤、关节和内脏（尤其是食管、胃肠道、肺、心脏和肾脏）的弥散性纤维化、退行性改变和血管异常。",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":872,"disclaimer":32},[873,874],{"title":840},{"title":875},"Gary Firestein, Ralph Budd, Sherine E Gabriel. 凯利风湿病学[M].第9版.爱斯维尔，2015.",{"slug":877,"category":21,"categoryName":22,"title":878,"summary":879,"toc":880,"ymyl":881,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-systemic-lupus-erythematosus","系统性红斑狼疮","系统性红斑狼疮是一种累及多系统、多器官的自身免疫性结缔组织疾病。",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":882,"disclaimer":32},[883,884,886,888,890,892,894],{"title":476},{"title":885},"林果为，王吉耀，葛均波.实用内科学[M].第15版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2017.",{"title":887},"朱学骏，王宝玺，孙建方，等.皮肤病学[M].第2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社，2011.",{"title":889}," 姜楠，白炜，赵久良，等.系统性红斑狼疮的诊治方向与研究前沿[J].中国科学(生命科学)，2021，51(8):887-900.",{"title":891},"尤黎明，吴瑛.内科护理学[M].第6版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2017.",{"title":893},"中华医学会风湿病学分会.系统性红斑狼疮诊断及治疗指南中华医学会风湿病学分会[J].中华风湿病学杂志，2010, 14(5): 342-346.",{"title":895},"杨宝峰，陈建国.药理学[M].第9版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2018.",{"slug":897,"category":21,"categoryName":22,"title":898,"summary":899,"toc":900,"ymyl":901,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-rheumatoid-arthritis","类风湿关节炎","类风湿关节炎简称类风关、类风湿，是一种常见的以关节慢性炎症为主要临床表现的全身性自身免疫性疾病。可以发生于任何年龄，关节炎的发病部位多为手、腕、足的小关节，常左右对称，病情会逐渐加重。",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":902,"disclaimer":32},[903,905,907,909],{"title":904},"葛均波，徐永健，王辰.内科学[M].第9版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2018:805-811.",{"title":906},"林果为，王吉耀，葛均波.实用内科学[M].第15版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2017:2611-2617.",{"title":908},"陶蕾，薛建峰，翟乾勋，等.抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体联合类风湿因子对老年类风湿关节炎的诊断价值分析[J].中国生化药物杂志,2015,39(15):103-105.",{"title":910},"尤黎明，吴瑛.内科护理学[M].第6版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:626-633.",{"slug":912,"category":21,"categoryName":22,"title":913,"summary":914,"toc":915,"ymyl":916,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-mixed-connective-tissue-disease","混合性结缔组织病","混合性结缔组织病是一种血清中含有高滴度斑点型抗核抗体和抗U1RNP抗体的临床综合征，具有系统性红斑狼疮、系统性硬化症、多发性肌炎\u002F皮肌炎和类风湿关节炎等多种疾病的症状组合。",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":917,"disclaimer":32},[918,920,922,924,926,928],{"title":919},"混合性结缔组织病诊断及治疗指南(2011年版)[J].中华风湿病学杂志.2011",{"title":921},"张奉春,栗占国.内科学一风湿免疫分册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.2015:83-87",{"title":923},"NIH网:https:\u002F\u002Frarediseases.info.nih.gov\u002Fdiseases\u002F7051\u002Fmixed-connective-tissue-disease",{"title":925},"梅奥医学中心网: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mayoclinic.org\u002Fdiseases-conditions\u002Fmixed-connective-tissue-disease\u002Fsymptoms-causes\u002Fsyc-20375147",{"title":927},"王辰,王建安.内科学下册[M].第三版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2015:1169-1226",{"title":929},"李和,李继承.组织学与胚胎学[M].第三版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2015:35",{"slug":931,"category":21,"categoryName":22,"title":932,"summary":933,"toc":934,"ymyl":935,"hasAlternate":38,"updatedAt":39},"disease-sjogrens-syndrome","干燥综合征","干燥综合征是一种常见的风湿性疾病之一，主要侵犯泪腺及唾液腺等外分泌腺，并以淋巴细胞高度浸润为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病。\n",[],{"author":32,"reviewedBy":32,"lastReviewed":32,"datePublished":32,"citations":936,"disclaimer":32},[937,939,941,943,945,947],{"title":938},"林果为，王吉耀，葛均波.实用内科学[M].第15版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2017:2650-2651.",{"title":940},"万学红，卢雪峰.诊断学[M].第九版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2019:15-17.",{"title":942},"葛均波，徐永健，王辰.内科学[M].第9版.北京:人民卫生出版社，2018:829-832.",{"title":944},"Alan N Baer, MACRShamik Bhattacharyya. 干燥综合征的神经系统表现.UpToDate临床顾问. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.uptodate.cn\u002Fcontents\u002Fzh-Hans\u002Fneurologic-manifestations-of-sjogrens-syndrome. (Accessed on Mar 17, 2022).",{"title":946},"刘湘源.图表式临床风湿病学[M].中国医药科技出版社，2013.",{"title":948},"徐立勤，林进.从诊断标准变迁看干燥综合征的诊断及鉴别诊断[J].中国实用内科杂志，2017,37(6):4.",1789384105948]